Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi: Izinhlobo, Izinhlelo Zokusebenza, Nomhlahlandlela Wokukhetha
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi: Izinhlobo, Izinhlelo Zokusebenza, Nomhlahlandlela Wokukhetha
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi iyisitsha esivalekile esigcina amanzi ukuze asetshenziswe kamuva esikhundleni sokuwasusa ngepayipi ngesikhathi sangempela. Umbuzo obalulekile wokuklama awuwona igama elithi 'ithangi' kodwa umsebenzi: amanzi ani, ukuhlanzeka okungakanani, izinga lokudonsa, isimo sezulu, futhi kwenzekani uma ithangi lihluleka.
Incazelo Nendlela Yokwenza
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi iyisitsha esivalekile esigcina amanzi ukuze asetshenziswe kamuva esikhundleni sokuwasusa ngepayipi ngesikhathi sangempela. Umbuzo obalulekile wokuklama awuwona igama elithi 'ithangi' kodwa umsebenzi: amanzi ani, ukuhlanzeka okungakanani, izinga lokudonsa, isimo sezulu, futhi kwenzekani uma ithangi lihluleka.
Amathangi aboshiwe abusa emisebenzini yezimboni neyomasipala ngoba amaphaneli aqedwa efektri futhi amiswa endaweni, okunciphisa indlela ebalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi eshiselwe endaweni futhi kugwema ukulinda isikhathi eside kukakhonkolo othembekile.
Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Nokuthi Kungani Zibalulekile
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuhlanganisa amanzi aluhlaza, amanzi okucubungula, isiqiwu somlilo, ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi okuphuzwayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi emvula kanye nesiqiwu sezimo eziphuthumayo. Umsebenzi ngamunye ushintsha isembozo sangaphakathi, uphahla kanye nezinto ezisizayo, hhayi usayizi wegobolondo kuphela.
Kumthengi, isinyathelo sokuqala ukusho umsebenzi kanye nezinga eliwulawulayo. Ithangi elanele ngokuphelele isiqiwu somlilo alamukeleki ngokuzenzakalela emanzini okuphuzwayo, lapho isembozo sangaphakathi kufanele siqinisekiswe ukuthi singasetshenziswa.
Uhlolojikelele Lwezincazelo Zobuchwepheshe
Inketho / Isici | Imininingwane | Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile | Isitifiketi / Inothi | Amanothi |
GFS (Ingilazi Ehlanganiswe Nensimbi) | Ingilazi + insimbi, kuhlanganiswe ku-820-930 C | Amanzi okuphuza, inqubo, umlilo, amanzi angcolile | NSF61/WRAS, ISO28765, AWWA D103 | Ububanzi obufinyelela ku-~40+ m, modular |
I-Epoxy (FBE) ehlanganisiwe | I-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokuncibilika ensimbi | Okuphuzwayo, ukucubungula | NSF61, AWWA | Okuhlanganisiwe okuboshiwe |
Insizwa egqanyisiwe | Ukugqanyiswa nge-zinc ensimbi eboshiwe | Okungaphuzwa, ukucubungula, imvula | ASTM A123 (ukugqanyisa) | Okuhlanganisiwe okuboshiwe |
Insizwa engagqwali | 304 / 316L, okushiseliwe noma okuboshiwe | Okuphuzwayo, ukudla, imithi | Isitifiketi sempahla + ukuqedwa | Okuhlanzekile, okuncane kuya kokulinganiselayo |
Insizwa eshiseliwe | Insizwa yekhabhoni eshiselwe endaweni | Ukucubungula okukhulu, umlilo | I-API/AWWA ngokufanele | Isitolo/inkundla eshiselwe |
Ukhonkolo / i-FRP | Kusakazwa noma kubunjwa | Ngaphansi komhlaba, kugqitshwe | Amakhodi endawo | Kuvame ukugqitshwa |
Uhlaka Lokukhetha
Okokugcina amanzi ezimbonini ezijwayelekile kanye nokamasipala, khetha ngokulungisa umsebenzi kanye nezinga kuqala, bese uhlanganisa impahla kanye nesitifiketi se-liner ekhemistri yamanzi kanye nesimo sezulu, futhi ekugcineni uqinisekise umthamo, uphahla kanye nobubanzi bokuhlinzeka. Ukwengeza, ukulungiseka kanye nokuthuthwa endaweni kunquma owinile ongokoqobo kunokubiza kokuqala.
Sebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola olungezansi njengokokufaka okuncane kwesicaciso samathangi okugcina amanzi; isicaciso esiphelele siphinde sisho ikhemistri yamanzi, isimo sezulu kanye nesiphathimandla esinegunya ukuze umhlinzeki abuyisele isiphakamiso esivikelekile nesingaqhathaniswa.
Ipharamitha | Okufanele kuchazwe |
Umsebenzi / uhlelo lokusebenza | Ukugcina amanzi ezimbonini ezijwayelekile kanye nokamasipala |
Ukusesha / ukugxila kobubanzi | amathangi okugcina amanzi |
Abafundi abayinhloko | Abakhi be-EPC, abaphathi bezinto zokuthenga, onjiniyela bamaphrojekthi |
Isiqinisekiso sokuxhumana | I-NSF/ANSI 61 / WRAS / LFGB (okuphuzwayo) njengoba kudingwa yimakethe |
Izinga lesakhiwo | ISO 28765 / AWWA D103 / EN 1090 |
Uphahla / isembozo | Idome le-aluminium / eliyisicaba / i-enamel ngokomsebenzi |
Ububanzi bokuhlinzeka | Ithangi Kuphela noma Ithangi + Uphahla — chaza kumbhidi |
Ukucatshangelwa Kobunjiniyela
Lungisa ivolumu edingekayo nephrofayili yokudweba ngaphambi kokukhetha into; isipele kufanele sanelise isiphathimandla esinegunya, hhayi umdwebo nje.
Hlanganisa uphahla nomsebenzi: idome le-aluminium lezikhala ezinkulu nokunakekela okuphansi, uphahla lwe-aluminium eliyisicaba noma i-enamel lamathangi amancane okuphuzwayo, kanye nesembozo esinomoya ofanele nomaphi lapho ukulawulwa kokungcola kubalulekile.
Izihibe Ezivamile Zokucacisa
· Ukukhetha ngentengo yekhathalogi kuphela ngaphandle kokusho umsebenzi, izinga nesimo sezulu — igobolondo elishibhile kakhulu lingaba yinto ebiza kakhulu phakathi nomjikelezo wokuphila.
· Ukuthatha wonke amanzi njengomsebenzi owodwa — i-liner yokugcina umlilo ayiyona i-liner yokuphuza; ukuzihlanganisa kudala ingozi yokuhambisana nokungcola.
· Ukukhohlwa izinto ezisizayo (amaphampu, izilawuli, ukuvikelwa ekubandeni, ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kwamanzi) — ithangi elicaciswe ngokwahlukile lihluleka ekusebenzeni ngisho noma wonke amaphaneli ephelele.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Imininingwane
· Qinisekisa umsebenzi (Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ezimbonini jikelele kanye nokamasipala) kanye nezinga elilawulayo ngaphambi kokukhetha into noma i-liner.
· Hlola: ukukhetha ngentengo yekhathalogi kuphela ngaphandle kokusho umsebenzi, izinga kanye nesimo sezulu — igobolondo elishibhile kakhulu lingaba yinto ebiza kakhulu phakathi nomjikelezo wokuphila.
· Hlola: ukuthatha wonke amanzi njengomsebenzi owodwa — i-liner yokugcina umlilo ayiyona i-liner yokuphuza; ukuzihlanganisa kudala ingozi yokuhambisana nokungcola.
· Hlola: ukukhohlwa izinto ezisizayo (amaphampu, izilawuli, ukuvikelwa ekubandeni, ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kwamanzi) — ithangi elicaciswe ngokwahlukile lihluleka ekusebenzeni ngisho noma wonke amaphaneli ephelele.
· Gcina isisekelo sokuqalisa kanye nerekhodi lokunakekela okuhleliwe.
Izindinganiso Nokuhambisana
Izinkomba ezifanele zihlanganisa i-AWWA D103 (amathangi ensimbi aboshiwe), i-ISO 28765 (ukuklanywa kwe-GFS), i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS (ukuxhumana namanzi okuphuza), i-EN 1090 (ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo), i-NFPA ne-OSHA lapho kufanele khona. Qinisekisa indinganiso ethile edingwa yimakethe yakho kanye nesiphathimandla.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamathangi okugcina amanzi?
Imindeni emikhulu iwamathangi aboshiwe e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), i-fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE), amathangi aboshiwe ensimbi egilandi nensimbi engagqwali, amathangi ensimbi ashiselwe, kanye nokhonkolo noma i-FRP. Insimbi eboshiwe ihamba phambili ngesivinini nokuthutha kumaphrojekthi akude noma amakhulu.
Ngikhetha kanjani ithangi lamanzi elifanele?
Qala emsebenzini (amanzi angahlanjululwanga, okuphuza, umlilo, inqubo), ivolumu edingekayo kanye nokudonswa, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi kanye nesimo sezulu, bese uqondanisa impahla, isitifiketi se-liner, uhlobo lophahla kanye namazinga. Ithebula lokukhetha ngomsebenzi liyindlela esheshayo.
Ingabe amathangi aboshiwe anamandla njengamathangi ashiselwe?
Ekugcineni kuze kufike ezinkulungwaneni zamamitha ayizikwele, amathangi e-GFS aboshiwe aklanywa nge-AWWA D103 kanye ne-ISO 28765 ngokuklanywa kwesakhiwo okuqinisekisiwe; umehluko yindlela yokwakha kanye nesikhathi sokuhola, hhayi amandla esikalini esifanele.
Yimiphi imigomo esebenza kumathangi okugcina amanzi?
Izithenjwa ezifanele zihlanganisa i-AWWA D103 (insimbi eboshiwe), i-ISO 28765 (ukuklanywa kwe-GFS), i-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS (ukuxhumana namanzi okuphuzwayo), i-EN 1090 (ukwenziwa kwesakhiwo) kanye ne-NFPA/OSHA yokuphepha lapho kusebenza khona.
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi lihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Ngokuvinjelwa okuqinisekisiwe (i-vitreous enamel noma i-coating eqinisekisiwe) kanye nokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile, impilo yesevisi ihlala amashumi eminyaka; insimbi engenalutho noma ependiwe idinga imijikelezo yokuphinda ipendwe okugwenywa amaphaneli aboshiwe, aqedwa efektri.
Ingabe amathangi amanzi angandiswa kamuva?
Amathangi aboshiwe ayimoduli: amaringi engeziwe noma amathangi angangezwa epulazini kalula kunalawo ashiselwe noma kakhonkolo, yingakho amapulazi anamathangi amaningi efanelekela imiphakathi ekhulayo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwethangi lamanzi angcolile nethangi lamanzi okuphuza?
Ithangi lamanzi okuphuza kumele lisebenzise i-liner eqinisekisiwe yokuthintana namanzi okuphuza (NSF/ANSI 61 noma WRAS) kanye nokulawulwa kokungcola okuqinile; ithangi lamanzi angcolile okokusebenza noma umlilo alinawo lowo mfuneko.
Ingabe ngidinga uphahla lwedome?
Izikhala ezinkulu nezindawo ezingadingi ukunakekelwa okuningi zithanda i-aluminum geodesic dome; amathangi amancane okuphuza avame ukusebenzisa uphahla lwe-aluminum oluyisicaba noma lwe-enamel. Ukukhetha kulandela isikhala, ukufinyelela nokulawulwa kokungcola, hhayi imfashini.
Amathangi ahlanganisiwe athuthwa kanjani aya ezindaweni ezikude?
Amaphaneli ahlelwa ngendlela eyisicaba futhi athunyelwa ngamakhontena, bese emiswa endaweni ngethimba elincane kanye ne-crane — isizathu esenza amathangi ahlanganisiwe athandwe eziqhingini nasemisebenzini engaxhunyiwe kugridi.
Ingabe amathangi ahlanganisiwe adinga isisekelo?
Yebo — i-ring beam noma i-slab elinganiswe nomthwalo ogcwalisiwe kanye nomhlabathi; amaphaneli ahlanganisiwe ahlala ku-ring beam elungiselelwe ene-base eboshiwe.
Isikhathi esivamile sokulinda sithini ithangi lamanzi?
Amathangi aboshiwe anciphisa isikhathi sokulinda ngoba amaphaneli aqedwa efektri; isheduli incike kububanzi, inani lamathangi kanye nokuthutha, kodwa ukugcotshwa endaweni kuyasuswa.
Yiziphi izixhumanisi zangaphakathi okufanele zibe nazo ikhasi lethangi?
Xhumanisa namakhasi ezinto ezibonakalayo (i-GFS, i-epoxy, i-stainless), amakhasi ezicelo kanye nekhasi lesilinganiso noma lokuxhumana; ama-URL esizithi ahlongozwayo asalindile ukufinyelela kusizithi esisebenzayo.
Okokugcina amanzi ezimbonini nasemiphakathini, impendulo efanele iqala emsebenzini, ekuqinisekisweni nasezindaweni — hhayi kukhathalogi. Uma ucacisa amathangi okugcina amanzi, Cela Isilinganiso ngesikhathi sokusebenza, umthamo, ukwakheka kwamanzi kanye nezinga, futhi sizobuyisela isicaciso kanye nereferensi eqinisekisiwe.
Mayelana Nezinkampani
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshile ozinikele ekuklameni nasekwakheni amathangi okugcina aboshiwe kusukela ngo-2008.
Uhla lwemikhiqizo yethu luhlanganisa amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), amathangi e-fusion-bonded epoxy, amathangi ensimbi engagqwali, amathangi ensimbi egilandi kanye nophahla lwedome le-aluminium geodesic.
Imikhiqizo iqinisekisiwe nge-ISO 9001, NSF/ANSI 61, EN 1090, ISO 28765, WRAS, FM, LFGB kanye ne-ISO 45001, futhi ubunjiniyela be-GFS bulandela i-AWWA D103, OSHA kanye ne-NFPA lapho kusebenza khona. Amathangi e-Center Enamel aboshiwe athunyelwa emazweni angaphezu kwe-100.
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