Izinketho Zokugcina Amanzi Ezikhungweni Zedatha Nezinhlelo Zokupholisa
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Izinketho Zokugcina Amanzi Ezikhungweni Zedatha Nezinhlelo Zokupholisa
Uhlelo lokupholisa lwesikhungo sedatha luphethe izindawo ezintathu ezihlukene zamanzi - ithangi le-buffer lamanzi apholile elihlukanisa isipholeli emthwalweni, ithangi lokugcina amandla okushisa (TES) elishintsha ukupholisa ngaphandle kwesikhathi esimatasa, kanye nethangi lokugcwalisa lombhoshongo wokupholisa elibuyisela ukuhwamuka, ukukhukhuleka, ukukhishwa kanye nokuhlanza. Ngayinye iyithangi le-atmospheric noma elicindezelwe eliboshwe/elishiseliwe ku-GFS, i-epoxy ehlanganiswe nge-fusion noma insimbi engagqwali, ene-NSF/ANSI 61 lapho iseduze namanzi okuphuza; ukukhetha kulandela ingcindezi yomjikelezo kanye noketshezi, hhayi umkhuba.
Ukupholisa yikhona okugcina iningi lamanzi esikhungo sedatha, kodwa izinketho zokugcina amanzi azivamisile ukuboniswa ngokucacile. Le ndatshana igxila ohlelweni lokwepholisa ngokwalo: isigcini esisetshenziswayo, i-TES kanye nethangi lokugcwalisa, kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha nengcindezi okunquma ukuthi kwakhiwa ini ngempela. Yenzelwe onjiniyela bokwepholisa kanye nabakhethi be-HVAC abadinga ukuthi izinketho zibekwe ngokuhambisana nomsebenzi, hhayi ikhathalogi yamathangi ejwayelekile.
Imephu Yamanzi Ohlelweni Lokwepholisa
Izitolo ezintathu, amazinga amathathu, idizayini eyodwa edidiyelwe.
· Imibhoshongo nama-chiller. Khipha ukushisa endaweni yedatha; amanzi awuketshezi olusebenzayo.
· Ithangi lokugcwalisa. Buyisela ukulahleka ukuze umjikelezo ungapheli amanzi.
· Isigcini kanye ne-TES. Nikeza isikhala se-hydraulic kanye ne-thermal ezungeze ama-chiller.
Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Apholile
· Umsebenzi. Mumatha ukushintshashintsha komthwalo ukuze i-chiller isebenze isikhathi eside ngokuqalisa okumbalwa, ivikele ama-compressor.
· Ukulinganisa usayizi. Imizuzu engu-3-15 yokusebenza kwe-chiller ku-design delta-T (rho x cp x delta-T).
· Ukufaka ingcindezi. Ithangi le-atmospheric elineyunithi yokufaka ingcindezi, noma isitsha se-ASME esicindezelwe ngengcindezi ye-loop.
Amathangi Okugcina Amandla Okushisa (TES)
· Umsebenzi. Ugcina ukupholisa njengomehluko wokushisa emanzini apholile ahlukanisiwe.
· Ukuminyana kwamandla. ~9-12 kWh nge-cubic metre ngayinye ngokushintsha kuka-8-10 deg C.
· Ukuhlukaniswa. Ama-diffuser avikela i-thermocline; amathangi amancane ahlukanisa kangcono.
Amathangi Okugcwalisa E-Cooling-Tower
· Imithombo yokulahleka. Ukuhwamuka ngu-0.8-1.6% nge-10 deg F ibanga; ukukhukhuleka ngu-0.001-0.005%; ukukhishwa = ukuhwamuka/(imijikelezo-1).
· Umkhawulo. Engeza ukuhlanza isihlungi kanye nomkhawulo wokudlulisa ukuze usethe usayizi osebenzayo.
· Ikhwalithi. I-NSF/ANSI 61 uma iseduze namanzi okuphuza; i-WRAS e-UK.
Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Nezingcindezi Zemijikelezo Yokupholisa
· I-GFS noma i-FBE eboshelwe. Ukwakha okusheshayo, ikwazi i-NSF/ANSI 61, impilo ye-GFS yeminyaka engu-30-50.
· I-Stainless. Yemijikelezo egqwalaselayo noma ehlanzekile; izinga ngokuchayeka kwe-chloride.
· Ecindezelwe vs yomkhathi. I-ASME BPVC Section VIII kuphela uma ingaphezu kwengcindezi yomkhathi.
· I-Glycol nokufakwa kwe-insulation. Ukuvikelwa kweqhwa lapho kudingeka; i-insulation ene-vapor barrier inciphisa ukwanda nokujiya.
Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe
Isitolo sokupholisa | Umsebenzi | Ukulinganisa usayizi | Izinga |
Isigcini esipholile | Hlukanisa isipholisi emthwalweni | Imizuzu engu-3-15 yokusebenza kwesipholisi nge-delta-T | AWWA D103-09; ASME uma kunengcindezi |
TES | Ukushintshwa kokupholisa ngesikhathi esingaphansi kwesidingo | ~9-12 kWh/m3 ngokushintsha kuka-8-10 deg C | AWWA D103-09/D100; i-ASME uma icindezelwe |
Ukugcwalisa | Shintsha ukulahlekelwa kwembhoshongo | Imajini ye-Evap+drift+blowdown+backwash | NSF/ANSI 61 uma kuseduze namanzi okuphuza |
Impahla | GFS/FBE/insimbi engagqwali | Ngamanzi kanye ne-chloride | NSF/ANSI 61, EN 1090/CE |
Ingcindezi | I-Atmospheric noma i-ASME | Ngengcindezi ye-loop | I-ASME BPVC VIII uma icindezelwe |
Isifundo Sombandela Wephrojekthi
UCenter Enamel uhlinzeke ngamathangi okugcina amanzi okuvikela umlilo emaphrojekhini asemazweni angaphezu kwe-100, akhiwe ngokwe-NFPA 22 duty ngobuchwepheshe obufanayo be-GFS obuboshiwe obusebenza ekuvikelweni komlilo kwesikhungo sedatha. Iphrojekthi yokuvikela umlilo elethwe ngezansi ifakiwe njengesethenjwa sangempela sobunjiniyela bamathangi aboshiwe; izinketho zohlangothi lokupholisa kulesi sihloko zibhekiswa ngobuchwepheshe obufanayo obuqinisekisiwe bamathangi kanye nezibalo zomsebenzi ezishicilelwe, ngaphandle kokusho ukufakwa okuthile kokupholisa kwesikhungo sedatha.
Iphrojekthi Yethangi Lamanzi Okuvikela Umlilo
Indawo yephrojekthi | Ukusetshenziswa | Umthamo | Uhlobo lwethangi | Inani x ubukhulu | Uphahla | Kuqediwe |
China | Ukuvikelwa komlilo (NFPA 22) | 1,210 m3 | Ithangi le-GFS eliboshiwe | 2 x Ø7.64 m x 13.2 m | Akucacisiwe | 2024 |
Ubungcweti Benkampani
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd.), umkhiqizi wamathangi okugcina izinto aboshiwe futhi ashiselwe owasungulwa ngo-2008, ukhiqiza amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), i-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokushisa, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi egcwele i-zinc kanye namathangi ashiselwe kanye nophahla lwe-aluminium geodesic dome kanye nemikhumbi yengcindezi ye-ASME. Imikhiqizo yamathangi ayo iqinisekisiwe nge-ISO 9001, ISO 45001, NSF/ANSI 61, EN 1090/CE, WRAS kanye ne-FM, futhi isithunyelwe emaphrojekthi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Ohlelweni lwesikhungo sedatha, iphuzu elisebenzayo ukuthi uqinisekise izitifiketi, amaphrojekthi okubhekiselwa kuwo kanye nokwesekwa kobunjiniyela ngaphambi kokunikezwa - amandla okusebenza, hhayi nje intengo, avikela impilo yesikhungo yeminyaka eyi-10-15. Umkhiqizi ofanayo angakwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yokuvikela umlilo, yokugcwalisa kanye namanzi abandayo, kanye nophahla lwe-aluminium geodesic dome kanye nemikhumbi yengcindezi ye-ASME lapho umklamo udinga khona.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo: Yiziphi izinketho zokugcina amanzi ezisekela ukupholisa kwesikhungo sedatha?
Impendulo: Zintathu: ithangi le-chilled-water buffer elihlukanisa i-chiller nomthwalo, ithangi le-thermal-energy-storage (TES) elishintsha ukupholisa ngaphandle kwesikhathi esimatasa, kanye nethangi lokugcwalisa le-cooling-tower elithatha indawo yokuhwamuka, i-drift, i-blowdown kanye ne-backwash.
Umbuzo: Ithangi lokugcina lamanzi apholile likalwa kanjani?
Impendulo: Ngokuvamile imizuzu engu-3-15 yokusebenza kwesipholisi nge-design delta-T (umthamo usuka kubuningi x ukushisa okuthile x delta-T), kanye nokwengeziwe emithwalweni eguquguqukayo. Ihlanganisa izikhathi zoshintsho kanye nokukhuphuka ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuvikelwa kokugeleza okuphansi.
Umbuzo: Ithangi le-TES lenzani esikhungweni sedatha?
Impendulo: Igcina ukupholisa njengomehluko wokushisa emanzini apholile ahlukanisiwe, ihambisa umthwalo wesipholisi emahoreni angaphandle kwesikhathi esimatasa, ivumela izipholisi ezincane futhi inikeze indawo yokugcina ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka - cishe ama-kWh angu-9-12 ngemitha yesikhwekhwe ngu-8-10 deg C wokushintsha.
Umbuzo: Angakanani amanzi okwengeza adingwa umbhoshongo wokupholisa?
Impendulo: Ukuhwamuka cishe kungu-0.8-1.6% wokujikeleza ngu-10 deg F webanga, ukukhukhuleka cishe kungu-0.001-0.005% wokugeleza, futhi i-blowdown ilingana nokuhwamuka okuhlukaniswe ngu-(imijikelezo yokugxilisa ukuncipha 1), kanye ne-backwash kanye nemajini yokudlulisa.
U: Yimuphi umkhiqizo ongcono kakhulu wethangi lokupholisa lesikhungo sedatha?
I: I-GFS eqinisekisiwe nge-NSF/ANSI 61 noma insimbi ehlanganisiwe ye-epoxy eboshwe ngamabhawodi emisebenzini eminingi; insimbi engagqwali yemijikelezo enokugqwala noma ehlanzekile. Khetha ngokusho koketshezi nokuchayeka kwe-chloride, hhayi ngentengo.
U: Ingabe amathangi okupholisa adinga isitifiketi se-ASME?
I: Kuphela uma umjikelezo ucindezelwe ngaphezu komkhathi. Iningi lamathangi e-buffer ne-TES angawomkhathi (AWWA); i-buffer noma isitsha esicindezelwe sidinga i-ASME BPVC Section VIII.
U: Kungani ithangi lokupholisa lingadinga i-glycol?
I: Ezimweni ezibandayo noma zomthwalo ongaphelele ingxube ye-glycol ivimbela ukufika kweqhwa; izinto zethangi nezetrimu kufanele zilungele uketshezi, futhi ukufakwa kwe-insulation okunesivikelo somhwamuko kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukwanda nokujiya.
U: Ingabe amathangi okupholisa esikhungo sedatha adinga i-NSF/ANSI 61?
A: Yebo lapho amanzi ephuzwa noma eduze namanzi okuphuza (ukugcwalisa kwesikhashana kwembhoshongo yokupholisa okungathinta izinhlelo zamanzi okuphuza). Amanzi enqubo evaliwe ngaphandle kokuthinta amanzi okuphuza awadingi ngokuqinile.
Izindawo zokugcina amanzi ohlelo lokupholisa - i-buffer, i-TES kanye nokugcwalisa - yimisebenzi emithathu ehlukene enezindinganiso ezintathu ezehlukene, futhi ukukhethwa kwempahla nengcindezi kulandela umjikelezo, hhayi umkhuba. Ukuzihlela ngokucacile yikho okwenza ukwakhiwa kokupholisa kufinyelele imigomo yesikhathi sokusebenza namandla ngaphandle kokwakha ngokweqile noma ngaphansi kwanoma yiliphi ithangi.
Yabelana nathi ngokugeleza komjikelezo wokupholisa, ububanzi, imijikelezo kanye nesigaba sengcindezi, futhi sizokuncoma osayizi bethangi le-buffer, i-TES kanye nokugcwalisa kanye nempahla nesitifiketi sakho ngakunye.
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