Amathangi Okumanzisa Amanzi: Ubunjiniyela Obuthuthukile, Ukukhethwa Kwezinto, Nezindinganiso Zokuthobela
Kwadalwa ngo 2024.11.22
Amathangi Amanzi Angcolile: Ubunjiniyela Obuthuthukile, Ukukhethwa Kwezinto, Namazinga Okuthobela
Ukuphathwa kahle kwamanzi angcolile kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sengqalasizinda yamanje yomasipala nokuthobela imvelo kwezimboni. Njengoba imithetho yomhlaba iqina mayelana nemikhawulo yokukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile, izimfuno ze-Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD), nezinhlelo zokusebenzisa amanzi kabusha, isidingo semikhumbi yokugcina eqinile, ephephile, nehlala isikhathi eside siye sakhula.
Amathangi okulahla amanzi angcolile asebenza njengomgogodla oyisisekelo wokuhlanganisa izinto eziyinqwaba eziyisisekelo, ukwelashwa kwesibili kwezinto eziphilayo, ukungathathi hlangothi kwamakhemikhali, ukugcinwa kwezinto ezingcolile, nokulinganisa ukuphuma kwamanzi. Ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele bamathangi kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwemvelo, ukumelana nemithwalo yamakhemikhali enobudlova, nokuthuthukisa izindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside.
1. Ubuchwepheshe Obuyisisekelo Bezinto Zokwakha Zamathangi Okulahla Amanzi Angcolile
Imifudlana yamanzi angcolile iqukethe izinto ezahlukahlukene ezikokhoyo, okuhlanganisa ama-asidi aphilayo, i-hydrogen sulfide, izinsimbi ezisindayo, i-chlorine eseleyo, namasiko aphilayo asebenzayo. Amathangi endabuko kakhonkolo noma ensimbi engagqokile avame ukuhlushwa ukuqhekeka kwesakhiwo, ukuqhekeka, nokugqwala okusheshayo. Ubunjiniyela banamuhla buthembela ezintweni ezithuthukisiwe zokusebenza okuphezulu:
● Amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS): Ukuhlanganisa insimbi yezakhiwo enamandla aphezulu nengqimba yengilazi ekhethekile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu (820°C kuya ku-930°C) kwakha ukuxhumana kwamangqamuzana okungenakwehlukaniswa. Amathangi e-GFS anikeza ukumelana okukhethekile nobubanzi be-pH obubanzi (1–14), avimbela ukunqwabelana kwezinto eziphilayo, futhi anikeza impilo yokuklama engaphezu kweminyaka engu-30 kuya kwengu-40.
● Amathangi e-Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE): Enezingqimba zempuphu ezifakwe efemini, ezifafazwa ngogesi futhi zelashwa ngokushisa, amathangi e-FBE abolthiwe anikeza umgoqo obushelelezi, ofanayo, futhi omelana nomthelela ofanele amanzi omasipala nokulinganisa kwamanzi angcolile.
● Amathangi ensimbi engagqwali: Akhiwe ngezingxube ze-austenitic ezifana ne-AISI 304 noma i-316L, le mikhumbi isetshenziswa ekucubunguleni amanzi angcolile amakhemikhali akhethekile, imifudlana yemfucuza yemithi, kanye nezinhlelo zezimboni ezihlanzekile lapho kudingeka khona ukungagqwali okuphelele.
2. Izinto Eziyinhloko Zobunjiniyela Nokusebenza
Ukuklama ithangi lamanzi angcolile elisebenza kahle kakhulu kudinga ukubhekana nemingcele eminingi eguquguqukayo yemishini nezemvelo:
● Imithwalo Ye-Hydraulic neyesakhiwo: Amathangi kufanele aklanywe ukuze abheke ukucindezela kwe-hydrostatic, imithwalo yomoya, ukuzamazama komhlaba, namandla ashukumisayo abangelwa izinto zangaphakathi ezishukumisayo noma imishini yokungenisa umoya.
● Ukwakhiwa Okuhlanganiswayo Ngamabhawudi: Amathangi ensimbi ahlanganiswayo enziwe ngaphambilini avumela ukuhlanganiswa ngokushesha endaweni ngaphandle kokushisela okungokwasendle, kunciphisa izikhathi zokwakha futhi kunika amandla okwandisa umthamo esikhathini esizayo noma ukuthutha ithangi.
● Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinqubo Zokwelashwa: Amathangi okulahla amanzi angcolile avame ukufakwa izingxenye zangaphakathi ezikhethekile, okuhlanganisa ama-sludge scraper, amasistimu e-decanter, izindonga ze-baffle, izingqimba zokufaka insulation, kanye nophahla lwe-geodesic dome ukuze kuncishiswe iphunga nokuvimbela ukukhishwa komhwamuko.
I-Matrix Yokuqhathanisa: Ubuchwepheshe Bamatanki Amanzi Angcolile
Evaluation Parameter | I-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) | I-Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) | Ukhathele Wetiphu (Cast-in-Place Concrete) |
Ukugqwala Nokumelana Namakhemikhali | Kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamakhemikhali nezinto eziphilayo ezinzima kakhulu | Phezulu; kufaneleka kumanzi angcolile kamasipala nawemboni emnene | Okumaphakathi; kusengozini yokugqwala nge-asidi nokugqwala kwe-hydrogen sulfide |
Isivinini Sokufakwa | Ukuhlanganiswa ngamabhawudi ngokushesha (amaviki) | Ukuhlanganiswa ngamabhawudi ngokushesha (amaviki) | Kancane; kudinga izinyanga zokuthela nokomisa |
Ukunakekelwa Kokuphila Konke | Kuphansi kakhulu; akukho ukupenda kabusha kwangaphakathi okudingekayo | Kuphansi kuya kokulingene; ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka | Kulingene kuya kokuphezulu; ukujova kwezinkinga nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo njalo |
Ubude Besikhathi Sokuklanywa | Iminyaka engu-30 kuya kwengu-50+ | Iminyaka engu-25 kuya kwengu-30 | Iminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-30 (kuye ngokonakala kwemvelo) |
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Kungani amathangi ensimbi abhontshiwe ekhethwa kunekhonkolo ezikhungweni zokwelapha amanzi angcolile?
Impendulo: Amathangi ensimbi abhontshiwe anikeza ikhwalithi yokufaka umbozo elawulwa efektri, izikhathi zokufakwa ezisheshayo kakhulu, izindleko eziphansi zokunakekela impilo yonke, kanye nokuguquguquka kwemojula okuvumela ukunwetshwa noma ukuthuthwa kalula esikhathini esizayo, kugwenywa izikhathi ezinde zokomisa nezingozi zokuqhekeka ezihambisana nekhonkolo.
Umbuzo: Amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) abhekana kanjani namanzi angcolile amakhemikhali anamandla?
A: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-inorganic glass enamel nensimbi yokwakha kwakha indawo engasebenzi ngamakhemikhali evikela kakhulu kuma-acid, ama-alkali, nokugqwala kwezinto eziphilayo kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH (1 kuya ku-14), kuvimbela ukucekelwa phansi kwesisekelo.
Q: Yimaphi amazinga omhlaba alawula ukuklanywa kwamathangi emanzini angcolile ezimbonini?
A: Ubunjiniyela bekhwalithi nokuklanywa kwesakhiwo ngokuvamile kuhambisana namazinga omhlaba aziwayo afana ne-AWWA D103 (yamathangi ensimbi abhontshiwe), i-ISO 28765, i-OSHA, kanye nezinhlaka ezifanele zokuvikela imvelo ezilawula ukuphepha kokukhipha amanzi angcolile.
Q: Ingabe amathangi amanzi angcolile angafakwa izembozo ukulawula iphunga?
A: Yebo. Amathangi amanzi angcolile avame ukuhlanganiswa nophahla lwe-aluminium lwe-geodesic dome noma izembozo eziyisicaba, kanye nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya nokuhlanza, ukuze kuvinjelwe ngempumelelo amaphunga amabi, kuvinjelwe ukungena kwamanzi emvula, futhi kulawuleke ukukhishwa kwemfucuza emoyeni.
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