Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Angaphansi Komhlaba: Nini Afaneleka Nezinye Izindlela Ezingaphezulu Komhlaba
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Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Ngaphansi Komhlaba: Nini Afaneleka Nezinye Izindlela Ezingaphezulu Komhlaba
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba ligqitshwa ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlaba, ngokuvamile ngukhonkolo noma ipulasitiki eqiniswe ngefayibha (FRP), ukuze kugcinwe isikhala esingaphezulu, kuvikelwe ekubandeni noma kuvikelwe ekushayweni. Le ndatshana icacile ngobubanzi: umkhiqizo oyinhloko womhlinzeki uyinsimbi eboshiwe engaphezulu komhlaba, ngakho-ke ukuqhathanisa kubheka lapho ngakunye kufaneleka khona ngempela.
Umbuzo wangempela awukho 'ngaphansi komhlaba noma ngaphezulu komhlaba' ngokujwayelekile, kodwa ukuthi ingcindezi yendawo (isikhala, ukubanda, ukuphepha, inhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba) iphoqa ngempela ukugqitshwa, noma ukuthi ithangi lensimbi eboshiwe engaphezulu komhlaba liyimpendulo enhle kakhulu ngobunjiniyela futhi ephansi kwezindleko zokuphila.
Izicelo Nokuthi Kungani Zibalulekile
Amathangi angaphansi komhlaba afanele izindawo eziminyene zasemadolobheni, izindawo ezivulekile ezichayeke emakhazeni ezidinga ukuvikelwa yiqhwa, kanye nezindawo ezibucayi kwezokuphepha. Amathangi aboshiwe angaphezulu komhlaba afanele umthamo omkhulu, ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha, ukuhlolwa okulula kanye nezindawo lapho umhlaba utholakala khona.
Kumaresevu amaningi aphuzwayo kamasipala, omphakathi kanye nezimboni, i-GFS eboshiwe engaphezulu komhlaba iwukukhetha okuwusizo; ukungcwatshwa kukhethwa lapho izingqinamba zangaphezulu zidinga ngempela lokho.
Uhlolojikelele Lwezobuchwepheshe
Inketho / Isici | Imininingwane | Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile | Isitifiketi / Inothi | Amanothi |
I-GFS eboshelwe ngaphezulu komhlaba | Ingilazi-insimbi ehlanganiswe efektri | Okuphuzwayo, inqubo, umlilo, okukhulu | NSF61/WRAS, ISO28765 | Kulula ukuyihlola, iyakhahlela ngokushesha |
Ukhonkolo ogqitshiwe | Ukhonkolo/indawo evikelekile | Idolobha, ukubanda, ukuphepha | Amakhodi endawo | Izindleko eziphezulu zomsebenzi wokwakha |
I-FRP egqitshiwe | Inhlanganisela ebunjiwe | Encane egqitshiwe | Amakhodi endawo | Ukuvimbela amanzi kubalulekile |
Uhlaka Lokukhetha
Ezingxenyeni ezikhawulelwe isikhala/ukunganda/ukuphepha, khetha ngokuqala ngokulungisa umsebenzi kanye nezinga, bese uhlobanisa impahla nokugunyazwa kwe-liner namakhemikhali amanzi nesimo sezulu, futhi ekugcineni uqinisekise umthamo, uphahla kanye nobubanzi bokuhlinzeka. Ukwengeza, ukulungiseka kanye nokuthuthwa endaweni kunquma owinile ongokoqobo ngaphezu kwezindleko zokuqala.
Sebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola olungezansi njengemininingwane yokucacisa okungenani yamathangi okugcina amanzi angaphansi komhlaba; ukucacisa okuphelele kubuye kushiwo amakhemikhali amanzi, isimo sezulu kanye nesiphathimandla esinegunya ukuze umhlinzeki abuyisele isiphakamiso esivikelekile nesifanayo.
Ipharamitha | Okufanele kuchazwe |
Umsebenzi / ukusetshenziswa | Space-/freeze-/security-constrained sites |
Ukusesha / ukugxila kobubanzi | amathangi okugcina amanzi angaphansi komhlaba |
Abafundi abayinhloko | Izicacisi eziqhathanisa ingcwaba ne-bolted |
Isitifiketi sokuxhumana | NSF/ANSI 61 / WRAS / LFGB (okuphuzwayo) njengoba kudingwa yimakethe |
Izinga lesakhiwo | ISO 28765 / AWWA D103 / EN 1090 |
Uphahla / isembozo | Idome le-aluminium / isicaba / i-enamel ngokomsebenzi |
Ububanzi bokuhlinzeka | Ithangi Kuphela noma Ithangi + Uphahla — chaza kusiphakamiso |
Ukucatshangelwa Kobunjiniyela
Uma kudingeka ukungcwatshwa, qinisekisa ukuthwala kwenhlabathi, izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukuntanta (ithangi elingenalutho liyantanta), umthwalo wezimoto kanye nokugqwala/ukuvikela amanzi kwegobolondo elingcwatshwe — lokhu kubusa ubunjiniyela, hhayi ukuma kwethangi.
Uma kukhethwa okungaphezulu komhlaba, inkinga yokubanda nokuphepha ixazululwa nge-insulation, i-trace heat noma indawo ebiyelwe kunokungcwatshwa, ngokuvamile ngezindleko eziphansi kanye nokuhlolwa okulula kakhulu.
Izinkinga Ezivamile Zokucacisa
· Ukucabanga ukuthi ngaphansi komhlaba 'kungcono njalo' — kushintshanisa isikhala sangaphezulu ngezindleko eziphezulu zomsebenzi wokwakha, ukuhlolwa okunzima kanye nengozi yokuvikela amanzi.
· Ukukhohlwa amandla okuntanta namanzi angaphansi komhlaba — ithangi elingcwatshisiwe elingenalutho lingantanta futhi liqhekeke uma lingagxiliwe noma lingaboshelwanga.
· Ukucacisa ithangi elingcwatshisiwe lapho umhlaba ukhona, bese ukhokha izinhlawulo zomsebenzi womhlaba nokuhlolwa ngaphandle kwenzuzo esebenzayo.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Imininingwane
· Qinisekisa umsebenzi (izindawo ezikhawulelwe isikhala/ukungena kwesithwathwa/ezokuphepha) kanye nezinga elilawulayo ngaphambi kokukhetha into noma isembozo.
· Hlola: ukucabanga ukuthi ngaphansi komhlaba kuhlale 'kungcono' — kushintshanisa isikhala esingaphezulu ngezindleko eziphezulu zomsebenzi womhlaba, ukuhlolwa okunzima kanye nengozi yokuvimbela amanzi.
· Hlola: ukukhohlwa amandla okuntanta namanzi angaphansi komhlaba — ithangi elingcwatshisiwe elingenalutho lingantanta futhi liqhekeke uma lingagxiliwe noma lingaboshelwanga.
· Hlola: ukucacisa ithangi elingcwatshisiwe lapho umhlaba ukhona, bese ukhokha izinhlawulo zomsebenzi womhlaba nokuhlolwa ngaphandle kwenzuzo esebenzayo.
· Gcina isisekelo sokuqalisa kanye nerekhodi lokunakekela okuhleliwe.
Izindinganiso Nokuhambisana
Izithenjwa ezifanele zihlanganisa i-AWWA D103 (amathangi ensimbi aboshiwe), i-ISO 28765 (ukuklanywa kwe-GFS), i-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS (ukuxhumana namanzi aphuzwayo), i-EN 1090 (ukwenziwa kwesakhiwo), i-NFPA kanye ne-OSHA lapho kufanele khona. Qinisekisa izinga elithile elidingwa yimakethe yakho kanye nesiphathimandla.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ngifanele ngisebenzise nini ithangi lamanzi elingaphansi komhlaba?
Lapho isikhala esingaphezulu sincane ngempela, ukuchayeka emakhazeni akukwazi ukuphathwa ngaphezu komhlaba, noma izimfuno zokuphepha zidinga ukufihlwa. Qinisekisa inhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nomthwalo kuqala.
Amathangi angaphansi komhlaba enziwe ngaluphi uhlobo lwezinto?
Ngokuvamile kukhona ukhonkolo othela endaweni noma owenziwe ngaphambili, noma i-FRP. Ayagqitshwa futhi avikelwe emanzini; igobolondo kufanele limelane nomthwalo wenhlabathi, ukuntanta kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ungakwazi yini ukuhlinzeka ngamathangi angaphansi komhlaba?
Uhla lwemikhiqizo eyinhloko ngamathangi ensimbi aboshiwe angaphezu komhlaba (i-GFS, i-epoxy, i-galvanized, i-stainless steel) kanye nophahla lwedome lwe-aluminium. Ukuze kugqitshwe, isincomo esithembekile ukhonkolo/i-FRP, noma ukuxazulula ukubanda nokuphepha ngaphezu komhlaba.
Yiziphi izinkinga zamathangi angaphansi komhlaba?
Izindleko eziphezulu zomsebenzi wokwakha, ukuhlolwa nokunakekelwa okunzima, ingozi yokwehluleka kokuvikela emanzini, kanye nokuntanta uma kungaboshiwe — uma kuqhathaniswa nokufinyeleleka kalula kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokuphatha impilo yamathangi ensimbi aboshiwe angaphezu komhlaba.
Ngingayivikela kanjani ithangi elingaphezulu komhlaba ekungandeni?
Ukuvimbela ukushisa, ukushisisa ngocingo, ukugcina umugqa ngaphansi komhlaba, noma ukufakwa okuvalekile/okubiyelwe kuxazulula ukunganda ngaphandle kwezindleko nenhlawulo yokuhlola yokugcina ngaphansi komhlaba.
Yikuphi okushibhile kakhulu isiyonke?
Amathangi angcwatshwe abiza kakhulu emisebenzini yezokwakha futhi abiza kakhulu ukuhlolwa; amathangi aboshiwe angaphezulu komhlaba ngokuvamile anezindleko eziphelele eziphansi lapho umhlaba uvuma futhi kulula kakhulu ukuwanakekela.
Ingabe ithangi elingaphezulu komhlaba lidinga isisekelo?
Yebo — i-ring beam noma i-slab elinganiswe nomthwalo ogcwalisiwe kanye nomhlabathi. Amaphaneli aboshiwe ahlala ku-ring beam elungisiwe enesisekelo esiboshiwe.
Ingabe amathangi aboshiwe angaphezulu komhlaba aphephile?
Angavalelwa ngothango, akhiywe futhi afakwe ukufinyelela okulawulwayo; ukuphepha kutholakala ngaphandle kokungcwaba nangaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuhlolwa.
Ingabe ithangi elingaphezulu komhlaba lingangena esikhundleni sethangi elingaphansi komhlaba?
Ngokuvamile yebo lapho umhlaba uvuma; xazulula ukubanda noma ukuphepha ngaphezulu komhlaba nge-insulation, i-trace heat noma uthango ngezindleko zokuphila eziphansi nokuhlolwa okulula.
Kuthiwani ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye ne-buoyancy?
Amathangi angenalutho angcwatshwe angantanta; adinga i-ballast noma ukuboshelwa — izindleko zobunjiniyela zangempela ezigwenywa amathangi angaphezulu komhlaba.
Ingabe ukhonkolo noma i-bolted kungcono kumanzi?
I-Bolted GFS iyawina ngesivinini, ukuhlolwa kanye nomjikelezo wempilo lapho umhlaba uvuma khona; ukhonkolo ulungele ukungcwatshwa noma imisebenzi emikhulu engashintshi.
Ezingxenyeni ezikhawulelwe isikhala/ukungena komoya/ukuphepha, impendulo efanele iqala emsebenzini, isitifiketi kanye nesiza — hhayi ikhathalogi. Uma ucacisa amathangi okugcina amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, Xoxa NgeProjekthi Yakho nomsebenzi wakho, ivolumu, ikhemistri yamanzi kanye nezinga, futhi sizobuyisela isicacisi kanye nereferensi eqinisekisiwe.
Mayelana NeNkampani
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe ozinikele ekuklanyweni nasekwakhiweni kwamathangi okugcina aboshwe ngezibhola kusukela ngo-2008.
Uhla lwemikhiqizo yethu lufaka amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), amathangi e-fusion-bonded epoxy, amathangi ensimbi engagqwali, amathangi ensimbi e-galvanized kanye nophahla lwedome le-aluminium geodesic.
Imikhiqizo iqinisekisiwe nge-ISO 9001, NSF/ANSI 61, EN 1090, ISO 28765, WRAS, FM, LFGB kanye ne-ISO 45001, futhi ubunjiniyela be-GFS bulandela i-AWWA D103, OSHA kanye ne-NFPA lapho kufanele khona. Amathangi aboshiwe e-Center Enamel athunyelwa emazweni angaphezu kwe-100..
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