Amathangi Okugcina Amafutha Angaphezulu Komhlaba e-UL 142 Amafutha Ejeneretha Yesimo Esiphuthumayo
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Amathangi Okugcina Uphethroli Angaphezulu Komhlaba e-UL 142 Okwamandla Aphuthumayo Kajeneretha
I-UL 142 iyindinganiso yokwakhiwa komkhiqizo wamathangi edizili angaphezulu komhlaba enziwe ezitolo, hhayi ikhodi yokufaka. Iyabona izigaba zamathangi ayisisekelo, osuku kanye nokusetshenziswa futhi ivumela ukwakhiwa kodonga olulodwa noludonga olukabili okunesikhala esiphakathi esiqaphiwe. Uphawu lokufakwa kuqhathanisa ukuthi ithangi lakhiwe futhi lenziwe ngaphansi kohlelo lokulandelela lwe-UL; alikwazi ukwanelisa i-NFPA 30, i-NFPA 37 noma i-NFPA 110, ezilawula indlela ithangi elifakwa futhi elixhunywe ngayo.
Isingeniso
I-UL 142 iyindinganiso yomkhiqizo echaza ukuthi ithangi likadizili elingaphezu komhlaba lakhiwa kanjani, futhi ohlelweni lwamafutha ejeneretha elilindile iyilokho okushiwoyo okudingwa ngabakhethi ngokokuqala. Ibeka izidingo zokwakha, zokushisela kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic zamathangi akhiwe ezindaweni zokukhiqiza angaphezu komhlaba kanye nezitsha eziphathwayo ezigcina uketshezi olushisayo noluvuthayo njengokadizili. Engakwenzi ukukutshela ukuthi ithangi lingahlala kuphi, ukuthi liphumela kanjani umoya, noma ukuthi kufanele lime kude kangakanani nesakhiwo - leyo mibuzo ingeyo-NFPA 30 kanye nekhodi yomlilo.
Le ndatshana isebenza nge-UL 142 ngendlela oyisebenzisa ngayo lapho uthenga imishini: ukuthi indinganiso imboza ini ngempela, izigaba ezintathu zamathangi eziyibonayo zikaphethiloli wejeneretha, ukuthi ukwakhiwa kodonga olukabili nokwesikhala esiphakathi kukunikeza ini, nokuthi uphawu lokufakwa lungaqinisekisa ini futhi lungakwazi ukuqinisekisa ini. Ibese ibeka ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwesethi ebanzi yemithetho elawula ukufakwa kukaphethiloli wedizili, ukuze ukwazi ukucacisa ithangi elilisiwe futhi elifakayo.
Izinga lokulinganisa akusona isitifiketi, futhi uphawu lokufakwa ohlwini akusona imvume. Inani le-UL 142 ukuthi ikunikeza isisekelo esiqinisekisekayo sethangi ngokwalo; yonke enye ingxenye yohlelo iwumklamo wakho.
Okuhlanganiswa yi-UL 142
I-UL 142, iStandardi Yamathangi Okugcina Angaphezulu Komhlaba Eziphuzo Ezivuthayo Nezishisayo, ichaza ukuthi ithangi elakhiwe emshinini wokugcina angaphezulu komhlaba noma isitsha esiphathwayo lakhiwa kanjani. Ihlanganisa izinto zokwakha, inqubo yokushisela nokuhlolwa kwayo, imininingwane yemithungo namajoyinti, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic okufanele ithangi likudlule ngaphambi kokuba liphume emshinini, kanye nokumakwa kwe-nameplate okukhomba iyunithi efakiwe ohlwini. Udizili wokuba uphethiloli wejeneretha uwuketshezi olushisayo kulesi simiso, ngakho-ke ithangi eliwugcinayo liwela ngqo ngaphakathi kobubanzi baleli standardi.
Ububanzi buyaphela egobolondweni lethangi. I-UL 142 iyindinganiso yomkhiqizo: ihlola isitsha, hhayi igumbi elihlala kuso. Amathangi angaphansi komhlaba ayindinganiso ehlukile (UL 58), futhi amathangi amakhulu kakhulu amiswa endaweni aphathwa ngezinye izindlela zokwakha. Ukufakwa - indlela ithangi elisekelwa ngayo, ukukhipha umoya, ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa ngogesi - kushiyelwa ku-NFPA 30 kanye nekhodi yomlilo eyamukelwe. Gcina lowo mngcele engqondweni, ngoba ithangi elisohlwini liphendula umbuzo owodwa kanti ikhodi yomlilo iphendula eminye.
Izigaba ezintathu zamathangi: isisekelo, sosuku kanye nosizo
I-UL 142 ihlela imishini yamafutha ejeneretha ezigabeni ezintathu ezaziwayo: amathangi ayisisekelo, amathangi osuku kanye namathangi okusetshenziswa. Ithangi eliyisisekelo iyisitoreji esiyinhloko esikhulu sesiza, ngokuvamile sibekwa ngaphandle futhi silinganiswe nesikhathi esigcwele sokusebenza esizeni okudingwa ukuklanywa kwamandla aphuthumayo. Yithangi oligcwalisa elolini lokuletha futhi udonsa kulo phakathi kwezinsuku noma amasonto.
Ithangi losuku lihlala eduze noma eduze kwejeneretha futhi londla injini ngqo, ngokuvamile ngamandla adonsela phansi noma ngempompo yokuhlinzeka esondelene, elinganiswe ngokusetshenziswa kwenjini esikhathini esifushane sokubamba kunokuba kube sonke isikhathi sokuphazamiseka. Ithangi lomhlinzeki iyiyunithi ephathekayo noma egxunyekwe ku-skid esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokugcwalisa uphethiloli phakathi kwamanye. Isigaba ngasinye sinendawo ehlukile ohlelweni lwamafutha, futhi uhlu lusebenza kuzo zontathu.
Ukwakhiwa kodonga olukabili nendawo ephakathi
I-UL 142 ivumela kokubili ukwakhiwa kodonga olulodwa nokodonga olukabili, futhi kokubili kungafakwa ohlwini. Ithangi lodonga olukabili lengeza igobolondo langaphandle elizungeze isitsha sangaphakathi somkhiqizo, lishiya indawo ephakathi phakathi kwazo. Leyo ndawo iyinhliziyo yokuqukatha kwesibili okuhlanganisiwe: uma udonga lokuqala luvuza, uphethiloli ubanjwa ngaphambi kokuba ufinyelele emhlabathini.
Isikhala esiphakathi kungaqashwa. Igeji, iphrobu noma inzwa ku-annulus ibika ukuba khona koketshezi, ngakho ukugqekeza kodonga lwangaphakathi kutholakala kuyilapho udonga lwangaphandle lusabambe uphethiloli. Ukuthi uyadinga yini ukwakhiwa kodonga olukabili akunqunywa yi-UL 142 ngokwayo - kunqunywa yi-NFPA 30, ikhodi yomlilo kanye nemithetho yezemvelo ebheka ukuthi ugcina uphethiloli ongakanani nakuphi. I-UL 142 yenza nje ukuthi inketho yodonga olukabili itholakale futhi ichaze ukuthi yakhiwa futhi ihlolwa kanjani.
Ukuthi uphawu lokufakwa ohlwini kufakazelani
Uphawu lokufakwa ohlwini lwe-UL ethangini lufakazela izinto ezimbili. Okokuqala, imodeli yethangi yahlolwa ngokumelene ne-UL 142 futhi kwatholakala ukuthi iyayihlangabezana. Okwesibili, umkhiqizi unesevisi yokulandelela ye-UL, okusho ukuthi amayunithi amele ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ukuze ithangi elifikayo lakhiwe ngendlela efanayo nesampula elihloliwe.
Okungakufakazelwa uphawu akukho lutho mayelana nokufakwa. Akusho lutho mayelana nokuthi ithangi likude ngendlela efanele yini esakhiweni, ukuthi umoya uphuma ngendlela efanele yini, noma ukuthi isiqandisi sesibili esidingwa indawo sikhona yini. Kuyisitatimende esimayelana nomkhiqizo, hhayi isitifiketi sokuhambisana nomthetho womlilo. Umklami othatha uphawu njengemvume yokufaka ushayile ingxenye yomsebenzi i-UL 142 engakaze yabhalelwa ukuyihlanganisa.
I-UL 142 neminye imithetho esebenzayo
Ukufakwa kuhlu kwe-UL 142 kuhleli phakathi kwenqwaba yeminye imithetho, futhi ukufakwa kuhlu kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela. I-NFPA 30, iKhodi Yezinto Eziwuketshezi Ezivuthayo Nezishisayo, ilawula ukuthi ithangi lifakwa kanjani: amabanga okuhlukanisa, ukukhipha umoya, amapayipi nokuvikelwa kokugcwala ngokweqile. I-NFPA 37 ihlanganisa injini evuthayo engashintshi ephethroli eyisebenzelayo, futhi i-NFPA 110 ihlanganisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwamandla aphuthumayo kanye nenani likaphethroli lasendaweni elilindelekile.
Imithetho yezemvelo yengeza olunye ungqimba. I-EPA 40 CFR Ingxenye 112, umthetho Wokuvimbela, Ukulawula Nokulwa Nokuchitheka, ungadinga uhlelo olubhaliwe uma isamba sokugcinwa kukawoyela ongaphezulu komhlaba sidlula umkhawulo obekiwe, futhi lolo hlelo luholela ezinyathelweni zokuqukatha nokusabela umbhalo wokufakwa ohlwini ongalokothi uwukhulume. Ukufunda okungokoqobo ukuthi i-UL 142 ifanelekela ithangi; i-NFPA 30, i-NFPA 37, i-NFPA 110 kanye nemithetho yezemvelo zifanelekela uhlelo.
Ukuqukatha kwesibili ngale kodonga lethangi
Ithangi le-UL 142 elinodonga olukabili linikeza ukuqukatha kwesibili okuhlanganisiwe emkhunjini ngokwawo, kodwa ikhodi isengadinga okwengeziwe. I-NFPA 30 kanye nekhodi yomlilo zibheka ukufakwa kukonke: indawo enodonga noma enomkhawulo, indawo yokugcwalisa nokudlulisa equkethiwe, noma isigaba sesibili esiqaphiwe esilinganiswe nevolumu egciniwe konke kungadingeka kuye ngenani nendawo.
Lapho ithangi lihlala ngaphakathi, egumbini elingaphansi, noma eduze komgwaqo wamanzi noma idreyini, ukulindela kokuvimbela kwesibili kuyenyuka futhi umklamo kufanele ukhombise ukuthi ukuvuza kubanjwa futhi kususwa kanjani, hhayi nje ukutholwa. Isiqaphi se-interstitial ethangini elinodonga olukabili sikutshela ukuthi ukuvuza kwenzekile; ukuvimbela kwesizinda kuphendula ukuthi kwenzekani ngophethiloli ngemuva kwalokho. Yomibili imibuzo ingokoqobo, futhi eyesibili kuphela engaphandle kwesikhathi sokusebenza se-UL 142.
Ukucacisa ithangi elisohlwini
Ukucacisa ithangi elisohlwini kusho ukubhala ukufakwa ohlwini njengesidingo, hhayi isifiso. Shono ngokucacile i-UL 142, shono isigaba (isisekelo, sosuku noma sokusetshenziswa), futhi shono ukuthi ukwakhiwa kodonga olulodwa noma olukabili kuyadingeka yini kulokhu kufakwa. Nikeza umthamo, izixhumanisi, izinhlinzeko zokuphuma komoya nokugcwala ngokweqile, nanoma iyiphi indawo ye-interstitial eqaphiwe umklamo oncike kuyo.
Bese kudingeka ubufakazi okushiwo uluhlu: Uphawu lwe-UL kanye ne-nameplate kuyunithi elethiwe, ukuqinisekiswa kokuthi umkhiqizi unaso Isevisi Yokulandelela, kanye namadrowu okuhambisa ahambisana nemodeli esohlwini. Ukucaciswa okuthi nje "ithangi elisohlwini lwe-UL" kumema iyunithi yokuhambisana okuncane okungenzeka ingabi nakho ukugcinwa noma ukuqapha okucatshwa ngumklamo wakho wonke. Shono izingxenye ozidinga ngempela.
Ukuqinisekiswa ekulethweni nasekufakweni
Ukuqinisekiswa kuqala esangweni. Funda i-nameplate ukuze uthole Uphawu lwe-UL, umkhiqizi, imodeli, umthamo olinganisiwe kanye nokuchazwa kwe-UL 142, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi kuhambisana nokuhambisa okugunyaziwe. Lapho kungenzeka khona, qinisekisa imodeli kusizindalwazi sohlu lwemikhiqizo lwe-UL ukuze wazi ukuthi Isevisi Yokulandelela yomkhiqizi iyasebenza kulelo thangi.
Hlola iyunithi ukuze uthole umonakalo wokuthutha ngaphambi kokuba isethwe, qinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokuxhuma nama-nozzle zihambisana nemidwebo, bese uhlola ukuthi i-vent, ukugcwala ngokweqile nanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokuvikela okwesibili luyanelisa i-NFPA 30 endaweni yangempela. Ukufakwa ohlwini kukutholela ithangi elihle; ukuhlolwa kokulethwa yikho okuqinisekisa ukuthi ithangi elihle yilona olilifunayo nokuthi lingafakwa ngokusemthethweni lapho uhlela ukulibeka khona.
Izigaba Zamathangi e-UL 142: Indima, Indawo Nokuvikela
Isigaba | Indima eyinhloko | Indawo evamile | Ukuvimbela kwesibili okuhlanganisiwe | Inothi le-UL 142 |
Ithangi eliyisisekelo | Isitoreji esiyinhloko esikhulu sendawo | Ngaphandle, kude nezingozi | Kuyazikhethela (udonga olulodwa noma olukabili) | Kulinganiselwe isikhathi sokusebenza esigcwele endaweni |
Ithangi losuku | Isilondolozi sasendaweni esondla injini | Eduze noma eduze kwejeneretha | Kungokuzikhethela; udonga olukabili lunikeza indawo eqashwe | Kulinganiswa nokusetshenziswa kwenjini esikhathini sokubamba |
Ithangi lensiza | Ukudlulisa nokugcwalisa uphethiloli | Kugxunyekwe ku-skid noma ku-trailer | Kungokuzikhethela | Isitsha esiphathwayo ngaphakathi kobubanzi be-UL 142 |
Uhlu Lokuhlola Ukuqinisekiswa Kokufakwa Kwe-UL 142 Ekulethweni
Hlola | Okufanele kuqinisekiswe | Umthombo / irekhodi |
Ipuleti legama | Uphawu lwe-UL, umkhiqizi, imodeli, umthamo, UL 142 | Ipuleti legama lethangi |
Isimo sokufakwa ohlwini | Umkhiqizi unesevisi yokulandelela ye-UL | Isizindalwazi sokufakwa ohlwini lomkhiqizo we-UL |
Umonakalo wokuthutha | Akukho monakalo egobolondweni noma kumafithingi | Ukuhlolwa kokulethwa |
Izixhumi | Ama-nozzle ahambisana nesicelo esigunyaziwe | Isicelo vs njengoba kulethiwe |
Ukuphuma komoya nokugcwala ngokweqile | Ukuhlelwa kwenelisa i-NFPA 30 | Umklamo wokufakwa |
Ukuvikela | Ukuvikela okwesibili ngokwekhodi | Ukuklanywa kwendawo / NFPA 30 |
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd.) iklama futhi yakha amathangi okugcina insimbi eboliwe, amathangi ensimbi ashiselwe, amathangi e-epoxy ahlanganiswe ngokuncibilika, amathangi e-galvanized, izitsha zensimbi engagqwali, izitsha zengcindezi, uphahla lwedome le-aluminium geodesic kanye nophahla oluntantayo. Inkampani inolwazi lokukhiqiza olungaphezu kweminyaka engu-30 futhi isihlinzeke ngemishini kumaphrojekthi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Uphahla lwedome le-aluminium geodesic luklanywa futhi lwakhiwe ngokwe-API 650 Appendix G, AWWA D108, i-Aluminum Design Manual, i-ASCE 7 kanye ne-IBC, futhi inkampani yathuthukisa futhi yathumela ngaphandle uphahla lwedome le-aluminium olungububanzi obungu-72 m ngo-2023. Ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa, ukugcotshwa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nesevisi yasendaweni kusingathwa njengomsebenzi owodwa, yingakho imidwebo, isisekelo sokubala kanye nezingxenyekazi ezilethiwe kungahlanganiswa ndawonye.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yini i-UL 142?
I-UL 142, iStandardi Yamathangi Okugcina Angaphezulu Komhlaba Oketshezi Oluvuthayo Nolushisayo, ibeka izimfuneko zokwakha zamathangi angaphezulu komhlaba akhiwe ezindaweni zokukhiqiza kanye nezitsha eziphathwayo ezigcina udizili noketshezi olufanayo. Ihlanganisa izinto zokwakha, ukushisela, imithungo, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic kanye nokumaka okukhomba ithangi elisohlwini. Ayihlanganisi amathangi angaphansi komhlaba noma ukufakwa, okuphathwa yi-NFPA 30 kanye nekhodi yomlilo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwethangi eliyisisekelo, ithangi losuku kanye nethangi lensiza?
Ithangi eliyisisekelo iyisitoreji esikhulu esiyinhloko, ngokuvamile esibekwe ngaphandle futhi silinganiswe isikhathi esigcwele sokusebenza endaweni. Ithangi losuku lihlala eduze noma egeneretha futhi liphakela injini ngqo, lilinganiswe ukusetshenziswa kwenjini esikhathini esifushane sokubamba kunokuba kube sonke isikhathi sokuphazamiseka. Ithangi lensiza iyiyunithi ephathekayo noma egxunyekwe ku-skid esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokugcwalisa uphethiloli. Ngayinye inendawo ehlukile ohlelweni lwamafutha, futhi zontathu zingaphansi kwe-UL 142.
Ingabe i-UL 142 idinga udonga olukabili?
Cha. I-UL 142 ivumela kokubili ukwakhiwa kodonga olulodwa nolukabili, futhi ithangi lodonga olulodwa lingafakwa ohlwini. Imiklamo yodonga olukabili yengeza isikhala esiphakathi esihlanganisiwe esingaqashwa ukuthola ukuvuza. Ukuthi uyadinga yini ukuvalwa kwesibili kunqunywa yi-NFPA 30, ikhodi yomlilo nemithetho yezemvelo ngokusekelwe enanini nendawo, hhayi ukufakwa ohlwini uqobo.
Uphawu lokufakwa kuhlu lwe-UL lufakazelani?
Lufakazela ukuthi imodeli yethangi lahlolwa ngokwe-UL 142 futhi lakhiqizwa ngaphansi kweNkonzo Yokulandelela ye-UL, ngakho amayunithi ngamanye anepuleti lomkhiqizi kanye Nophawu lwe-UL. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kuhlangabezana nezinga. Akufakazeli ukuthi ithangi lifakwe ngendlela efanele, linokukhipha umoya noma libekwe endaweni efanele, futhi akusona isitifiketi sokuhambisana ne-NFPA 30 noma noma yimuphi umthetho womlilo.
Ingabe i-UL 142 yanele yodwa?
Cha. I-UL 142 ihlanganisa ithangi njengomkhiqizo. Ukufakwa, amabanga okuhlukanisa, ukukhipha umoya, ukuvikelwa kokugcwala ngokweqile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kukagesi kuvela ku-NFPA 30, i-NFPA 37 yenjini kanye ne-NFPA 110 yamandla aphuthumayo, kanye nemithetho ye-EPA Yokuvimbela Ukuchitheka lapho kudlulwa umkhawulo wokugcina. Ithangi elisohlwini liyadingeka kodwa alanele; uhlelo kusamele luhlangabezane nemithetho yomlilo neyemvelo.
Ithangi le-UL 142 liqinisekiswa kanjani lapho lilethwa?
Hlola ipuleti legama ukuze uthole Uphawu lwe-UL, umkhiqizi, imodeli, umthamo kanye nokuchazwa kwe-UL 142, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi kuyahambisana nokuhanjiswayo okugunyaziwe. Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi unomsebenzi wokulandelela we-UL futhi, lapho kungenzeka khona, qinisekisa imodeli kusizindalwazi sokuhlu lwemikhiqizo lwe-UL. Hlola umonakalo wokuthutha, qinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokuxhuma ziyahambisana nemidwebo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isiphonso kanye nokugcinwa kwesibili kuyanelisa i-NFPA 30 ngaphambi kokuba ithangi lifakwe ekusebenzeni.
Ingabe ithangi losuku lidinga ukufakwa ohlwini lwe-UL 142?
Yebo. Lapho ithangi losuku liyithangi lokugcina elingaphezulu komhlaba likakaphethiloli oshisayo noma ovuthayo, ngokuvamile lakhiwa ngokwe-UL 142, kuhlanganise nethangi elixhumene eduze nesijeneretha. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa ohlwini kusebenza kuyunithi yangempela kanye nomthamo wayo, ngoba ithangi elincane eligxunyekwe enjinini lisagcina udizili futhi liwela ngaphansi kwemithetho efanayo yomkhiqizo nokufakwa njengethangi eliyisisekelo.
I-UL 142 ikunikeza isisekelo esivikelekile sethangi ngokwalo: ithangi likadizili elingaphezulu komhlaba elakhiwe endaweni yokukhiqiza futhi eliqinisekisiwe ngaphansi kwezinga lomkhiqizo elaziwayo. Ukukhetha isigaba - isisekelo, sosuku noma sensiza - kanye nohlobo lodonga - olulodwa noma olukabili olunendawo ehlolwayo phakathi - kubeka umngcele womzimba wohlelo lukaphethiloli.
Okushiwo uhlu akukwenzi ukumela ezinye izingxenye zedizayini. Amabanga okuhlukanisa, ukukhipha umoya, ukuvikelwa kokugcwala ngokweqile, ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuvikelwa kwesibili okudingekayo kunqunywa yi-NFPA 30, NFPA 37, NFPA 110 kanye nemithetho yezemvelo, futhi ithangi liba ngelithobelayo kuphela lapho lezo zinto zaneliswa nazo. Sithumele umsebenzi, imikhawulo yesiza kanye nekhodi elawulayo, futhi sizobuyisela incazelo yethangi le-UL 142 enokwakhiwa, ukuvikelwa kanye nezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ezichaziwe ukuze iyunithi efikayo ibe iyunithi oyivumile.
Khuluma Neqembu Lethu Lobunjiniyela
Thumela umsebenzi, isisekelo somthamo, ikhodi elawulayo kanye nemikhawulo yesiza, futhi iqembu lethu lobunjiniyela lizobuya nencazelo yokucaciswa umhlinzeki angayikhokhisa kanye nomhloli angayigunyaza. Sizokutshela futhi ngokucacile lapho uhlobo oluhlukile lwethangi noma ububanzi obuhlukile kuyimpendulo engcono.
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