Amathangi Ensimbi Engagqwali yaseTunisia Yendwangu Namanzi Angcolile Okucubungula
Kwadalwa ngo 01.09
Amathangi Ensimbi Engagqwali aseTunisia Wamanzi Angcolile Ezindwangu Nezinqubo
Amathangi ensimbi engagqwali afanele imisuka yendwangu yaseTunisia kanye namanzi angcolile okucubungula lapho i-chloride, i-alkali noma imfuneko yendawo ehlanzekile ivimbela igobolondo lensimbi elihlanganisiwe, futhi i-316L ngokuvamile iyizinga elifanele ngoba imisuka yokudaya nokuqedwa ithwala kokubili i-chloride ne-alkali enamandla. Umsebenzi onquma impilo yesevisi ukuqedwa komthungo wokushisela, i-geometry yokukhipha amanzi kanye nekhava, ngoba ukugqwala kwama-pit kuqala eminweni yemithungo yokushisela nasezindaweni ezingagelezi kunakupuleti eliyisicaba. Lapho ikhemistri inolaka kodwa engeyona into eqinile yensimbi engagqwali, ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi elinengaphakathi le-enamel elihlanganisiwe lasefektri liyimpendulo engabizi kakhulu futhi libhalwa ngephaneli ngalinye ngokuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-1500 V DC.
Isitshalo sokuqedela izindwangu sikhiqiza amanzi ashisayo, ane-alkaline noma ane-asidi, anombala, agcwele usawoti futhi avamise ukuba ne-sulfide, futhi akhipha ngamagagasi alandela uhlelo lwendlu yokudaya. Izitsha zokugcina eziphambi kohlelo lokwelashwa zihlala kulelo zwe iminyaka eminingi, futhi ukukhethwa kwempahla yisinqumo esisodwa esingeke siphindwe sibuyekezwe ngokushibhile. I-stainless iyimpendulo engokwemvelo kule mboni, futhi ilungile ezimweni eziningi; futhi ivamise ukucaciswa ngokweqile, ithangi le-304 elikhethwa ngomkhuba lithatha indawo yethangi eminyakeni eyisithupha lapho igobolondo le-enamelled belingahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Amanzi Angcolile Aqukethe Ini Ngempela
Funda ikhemistri ngaphambi kwengxube yensimbi. Amanzi angcolile asuka ezindaweni zokudaya izingubo nokudaya imibala ngokuvamile athwala amazinga aphezulu e-sodium chloride noma i-sulfate evela endaweni yokudaya, i-alkali eqinile evela ekuhlanzeni nasekwenzeni i-mercerising, i-acetic noma i-formic acid evela ekulungiseni i-pH, kanye ne-sulfide lapho kusetshenziswa khona odayi be-sulfur. I-chloride iyona eqhuba ukukhethwa kwengxube yensimbi, ngoba ibangela ukugqwala okuyizingodi nemifantu kunsimbi engagqwali futhi ibangela ukubhoboka ensimbini ehlanganisiwe ngendlela efanayo. I-alkalinity ibalulekile ngoba umkhiqizo wokugqwala nokukhethwa kwekhodi kuyashintsha kokubili ngaphezu kwe-pH 8, futhi i-sulfide ibalulekile ngoba ihlasela izingxube zensimbi ezine-copper ne-nickel futhi idala iphunga kanye nenkinga yokugqwala kwendandatho ephezulu. Izinga lokushisa kanye nobunjalo bamaqoqo okukhiphayo yizinto zokugcina ezimbili zokufaka, ngoba umfudlana oshisayo we-alkaline ohamba ngamagagasi uyisimo sokuklama esihluke kakhulu kwesimo esibandayo esingaguquki.
304 noma 316L Kulo Msebenzi
I-Molybdenum iyisizathu sokunyukela ku-316L lapha. I-304 ibhekana namanzi ahlanzekile, imifudlana yokudla kanye nomoya ojwayelekile ngaphandle kwenkinga, kodwa emanzini angcolile ashisayo ane-chloride iyagqwalisa emaphethelweni okushisela nasezindaweni ezinokugeleza okuphansi eduze nendawo yokuphuma. I-316L yengeza i-molybdenum, okukhulisa ukumelana nokugqwalisa kakhulu, futhi izinga layo lekhabhoni eliphansi ligcina indawo ethintekile ukushisa kokushisela ingangenwa yi-sensitisation, okuyiyo ngqo lapho ithangi elishiselwe lihluleka khona kuqala. Emanzini angcolile endwangu yaseTunisia ane-chloride ekhona, i-316L ngokuvamile iyizinga eliphansi elifanele, futhi emanzini anosawoti ashisayo agxilile noma emfudlaneni we-asidi eqinile ukucaciswa kufanele kuqhubekele phambili ku-duplex noma ku-alloy ephezulu kunokuhlala emazingeni ajwayelekile.
Ukushisela, Ukuqedwa Nezindawo Zokwehluleka
Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali ihlangana nokugqwala emithanjeni yayo kusikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ihlangane nokugqwala epuletini layo. Umbala wokushisa oshiywa ngemva kokushisela awunayo i-chromium, ngakho kufanele ususwe ngomshini noma ngamakhemikhali futhi umthambo wokushisela uhlanjululwe ukuze kubuyiselwe ifilimu ye-oxide. Ukumbozwa kwegesi evikelayo kufanele kube kahle kungenjalo impande yomthambo wokushisela iyagqwala ngaphakathi lapho uketshezi lugeleza khona. Amathuluzi ensimbi yekhabhoni akumele alokothe athinte insimbi engagqwali, ngoba inhlayiya yensimbi ehlohlelwe ebusweni iqala ibala lokugqwala eliba umgodi. Ngale kwezinto, ukuma komumo kunquma okuningi: iphansi eliyisicaba elivumela udaka oludayiwe ukuba luhlale lakha umkhawulo ogqwalayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi i-alloy, ngakho nikeza iphansi ukwehla okukwazi ukudonsa kuya endaweni eyodwa ephansi, gwema imilenze efile endaweni yokuphuma, futhi gcina umzimba uxutshiwe noma ujikeleziswa lapho izinto eziqinile ezilengayo zingawa khona.
Enye Indlela Eqinile: I-Fused Enamel
Akuzona zonke izindlela zokukhuculula ezinolaka ezidinga i-alloy. Ithangi lensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi lihlanganisa ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm kuphaneli ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, likalwa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², futhi indawo engasebenzi ihlanganisa ububanzi be-pH 1 kuya ku-14, okuhlanganisa kokubili i-scouring liquor ene-alkaline kanye ne-acid rinse esitsheni esisodwa. Wonke amaphaneli ahlolwa nge-spark ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, futhi ingaphakathi liqedwa nge-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm, ngakho i-dyed liquor ikhishwa ngokuhlanzekile futhi udonga alwakhi ifilimu enombala eba yisiqalo sokungcola. Izindleko ziyingxenye encane ye-316L plate yevolumu efanayo, futhi igobolondo eliboshiwe lisho ukuthi iphaneli lingakhululwa futhi lishintshwe eminyakeni ezayo. Izimo lapho i-stainless isathandwa khona iwukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-chloride, umfudlana okumele ungathathi noma iyiphi i-ion yensimbi odongeni, kanye nencazelo yokuhlanzeka yokudla noma yemithi yangempela.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Ukukhethwa kwengxubevange | 316L ye-chloride ne-alkali | 304 kuphela emifuleni emnene |
Ukuqedwa kwendawo | 2B mill finish | Kucwengisiswe emsebenzini wezempilo |
Ukulashwa kwe-weld | I-heat tint isusiwe, i-passivated | Pitting starts at the heat affected zone |
Ingaphakathi le-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm kuhlanganiswe ku-820–930 °C | Ayisebenzi, pH 1–14 |
Amandla ongqimba lwe-enamel | ≥ 3,450 N/cm² | Ukumelana nokugoba nokushaywa |
I-voltage yokuhlola inhlansi | 1500 V DC | Iphaneli ngayinye, ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Izinga lebhawodi | 8.8 | Amalunga amaphaneli aboshiwe lapho asetshenziswa khona |
Impilo yokuklama | ≥ iminyaka engama-30 | Ngesistimu yangaphakathi ecacisiwe |
Isembozo, Ukukhipha Umoya kanye Nezimo Zendawo
Isikhala somhwamuko siyingxenye eqinile kakhulu yomkhumbi futhi incane kakhulu echazwe. Ithangi elimboziwe ligcina iphunga ne-sulfide ngaphandle kwesitshalo, kodwa isembozo, umgudu wokuphefumula kanye nomsele kufanele kuklanywe ndawonye noma isikhala sengqondo siba umjikelezo wokujiya ohlasela indandatho ephezulu. ENyakatho Afrika isimo sezulu sangaphandle sengeza ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwansuku zonke okubanzi kanye nomthwalo omkhulu welanga, ngakho-ke umgudu wokuphefumula kufanele ulinganiswe ngokushintshwa okuphezulu kunosuku olujwayelekile, futhi uphahla kufanele lukhanye kunokumunca lapho uketshezi olugciniwe lupholile. Esizeni esisogwini ukuchayeka kwangaphandle kwendandatho ephezulu kanye nesisekelo kudinga ukuqondiswa okufanayo kwe-chloride okusetshenziswa engxenyeni yangaphandle yomgqomo.
Icala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Isitoreji samanzi angcolile ezindwangu | iTunisia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 846 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + isiqondiso sokufaka |
Isitoreji samanzi angcolile | iCzech Republic | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 647 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + isiqondiso sokufaka |
Isitoreji samanzi angcolile | iMalaysia | Ithangi lensimbi engagqwali | 815 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingama-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, i-AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Mayelana ne-textile kanye nokungcola kwenqubo lokhu kuhlanganisa ingaphakathi le-enamel elisetshenziswa kanye namaphaneli e-316L, ukuhlelwa kwesembozo nokukhipha umoya kwendawo ephezulu ene-sulfide, kanye namarekhodi okuhlanganisa kwefekthri nokuhlolwa kwenhlansi okubhala ingxenye ye-enamel yomkhumbi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe i-304 yanele emanzini angcolile e-textile?
Impendulo 1: Ngokuvamile cha, lapho umfudlana uphethe i-chloride evela kubhavu wokudaya. I-316L iyisisekelo esinengqondo samanzi e-textile ane-chloride, futhi kuphela umfudlana omnene, one-chloride ephansi ovumela ukuhlala ku-304.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani ithangi lihluleka kuma-weld?
Impendulo 2: Ngoba indawo ethintekile ukushisa kanye ne-heat tint kuncishisiwe i-chromium futhi kuba yindawo yokuqala lapho kuqala khona umgodi we-chloride. Ukususa i-tint nokwenza i-passivate i-weld kuyisinyathelo esisodwa esinenani eliphakeme kakhulu ekwenzeni i-stainless.
Umbuzo 3: Ingabe ithangi lensimbi engagqwali lingaboshelwa ngamabhawudi?
Impendulo 3: Yebo, ngamafuleji anezikhipha-moya kanye ne-gasket ehambisana namanzi angcolile, futhi kuyasiza lapho umkhumbi kungase kudingeke ukuthi uhlakazwe. Ukuhlelwa okuxubile kwesikhumba sensimbi esine-enamel kanye nezinto zokuxhuma ezingagqwali nakho kuvamile.
Umbuzo 4: Kunini lapho insimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi ingcono kunensimbi engagqwali lapha?
Impendulo 4: Lapho i-pH ishintsha phakathi kwe-alkaline ne-asidi, lapho i-chloride ilinganiselwe kunokuba ibe ngokweqile, futhi lapho izindleko phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amathathu zibalulekile. I-enamel ayisebenzi kulo lonke ibanga le-pH futhi ishibhile kakhulu kune-316L plate.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe isembozo siyasiza ngephunga lendlu yokudaya?
Impendulo 5: Yebo, inqobo nje uma isembozo, i-vent kanye ne-headspace drain kuklanywe ndawonye futhi i-vent iya ku-control unit. Ithangi lamanzi angcolile ashisayo elingamboziwe liwumthombo wephunga ngokwencazelo.
Umbuzo 6: Isikhathi sokuhlola esinganengqondo siyini?
Impendulo 6: Ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle minyaka yonke kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, kugxilwe ezinhlokweni zokushisela, emgqeni wamanzi kanye endaweni ephansi yaphansi, ngoba zontathu yilapho kuvela khona umgodi wokuqala.
Insimbi engagqwali iyimpendulo efanele yokukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile ezindwangu nasezinquboni zaseTunisia lapho i-chloride, i-alkali noma umthetho wendawo ehlanzekile kukudinga khona, futhi i-316L ngokuvamile iyizinga elihlala likhona. Ukuphila kwayo kumiswa ukwelashwa komthungo wokushisela, ukukhishwa kwamanzi ngokukhululekile kanye nekhava elawula indawo yekhanda le-sulfide, hhayi i-alloy kuphela. Engxenyeni enkulu yobubanzi obunolaka, ingaphakathi le-fused enamel lasefektri lizonikeza ukuphila kwesikhathi eside ngemali ngayinye kune-316L shell, futhi ukuhlelwa kwe-enamel ne-stainless okuxubile kuvame ukuba yinani elingcono kakhulu. Faka inani le-chloride, ukushintsha kwe-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa embuzweni ngaphambi kokuba kukhethwe into.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele ukwakheka kwamanzi angcolile ane-chloride, i-sulfate, i-sulfide, i-pH kanye nezinga lokushisa, iphethini yokukhipha ngezikhathi noma eqhubekayo, isikhathi sokugcina esidingekayo, ukuthi ngabe kukhona umthetho wezempilo noma we-metal-ion osebenzayo, umthamo kanye nokuchayeka kwendawo ogwini. Uzothola ukuqhathaniswa kwe-316L ne-enamel, inketho yomthamo kanye nephakethe eliphelele lomdwebo nesitifiketi.
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