Amathangi Okugcina Amandla Okushisa Ezikhungweni Zedatha: Umsebenzi, Umthamo kanye Nokwakheka
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Amathangi Okugcina Amandla Okushisa Ezikhungweni Zedatha: Umsebenzi, Umthamo kanye Nokwakheka
Uma umthengi ecacisa ithangi lokugcina amandla okushisa, empeleni okuthengwayo yikhono lokusingatha amandla hhayi ucezu lwemishini. Umthamo obalulekile yinani lokushisa ithangi elingakwazi ukulimunca bese likuletha kamuva, elivezwa ngamahora amathani noma nge-kWh, kanye nomehluko wokushisa wokuklama kanye newindi lokukhipha lapho lawo mandla angakhishwa ngesilinganiso esiwusizo. Ukubika umthamo njengevolumu yamanzi kushiya umthengi engakwazi ukuqhathanisa ithangi lamanzi abandayo nethangi leqhwa noma ithangi lokushintsha kwesigaba, ngoba amandla agcinwe kumitha yekhubehu ahluka ngezinga elikhulu phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Umsebenzi-ke unquma ukwakheka: ukunciphisa isiqongo, ukudlula nokuqhubeka, nokuhambisa umthwalo ngakunye kudinga ukuhlelwa okuhlukile kokushaja nokukhipha, isixhumanisi sokulawula esihlukile kanye nevolumu ehlukile ngokwamahora hhayi ngemizuzu. Ukufaka ithangi isivikelo akusona isici esincane futhi, ngoba ukuthola ukushisa kwansuku zonke ngamaphesenti ambalwa wamandla agciniwe kususa ingxenye esebenzisekayo yomthamo esikhathini sokuma.
Ukuthi isitoreji samandla okushisa senzelwe ini ngempela
Isitoreji samandla okushisa iyivolumu ehlelwe ngamabomu yendawo yokugcina okuhloswe ngayo ukugcina amandla okushisa esikhathini esithile futhi iwadlulisele noma iwakhiphe esitshalweni ngezinga isitshalo esingakwazi ukulinikeza. Amandla ayahanjiswa, awadalwa: isitoreji sishajwa sisuka emthonjeni obuzosebenza, bese sikhishwa siye esimweni esidinga amandla okushisa ethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ukuhlelwa kwalokho kubaluleke kakhulu kunemishini, ngoba yikho okungaqhathaniswa phakathi kweziphakamiso. Isiphakamiso esinikeza umthamo wethangi ngaphandle kwesitatimende samandla nesikhathi sokukhipha asikushongo ukuthi kuthengiswani. Isiphakamiso esisho amandla, i-delta-T namazinga singaqhathaniswa nesinye esisebenzisa indlela ehlukile yokugcina amandla okushisa ethangini
Umthamo oshiwo njengamandla, hhayi njengomthamo womthamo
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusho umthamo wokugcina ngokwamandla. Indlela yamahora omthwalo ilula kakhulu: umthwalo wokushisa ngamathani uphindwe ngamahora okukhipha, ngakho isitolo esithwala amathani angu-500 okupholisa amahora angu-4 sithwala amathani angu-2,000 amahora. Indlela yobuningi ingumthamo ofanayo ngokusebenzisa indlela: umthamo uphindwe ngobukhulu, ukushisa okukhethekile kanye nomehluko wokushisa wethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ifomu lesisindo yilapho imidiya ihlukana khona, ngoba imitha ye-cubic efanayo igcina amanani ahluke kakhulu wamandla kuye ngomshini. Ukugcinwa okuzwakalayo emanzini kukhawulwa umehluko wokushisa i-loop engasebenza kuwo. Ukugcinwa okufihlekile eqhweni elincibilikayo kwengeza ukushisa kokuhlangana endaweni yokushisa engaguquki, ngakho ukushintsha okuncane kusagcina inani elikhulu lamandla ethangini lokugcina amandla okushisa
Isisho somthamo | Ifomula | Lokho elikulungisayo | Inani eliyisibonelo |
Ifomu lamahora omthwalo | Umthwalo wokushisa ngamathoni uphindwe ngamahora okukhipha | Amandla okufanele isitoreji siwakhulule | Amathani angu-500 amahora angu-4 = amathani-2,000 amahora |
Ifomu lobukhulu obuzwakalayo | Umthamo ophindwe ngobukhulu, ukushisa okukhethekile kanye ne-delta-T | Inani lendawo yokugcina elinikezwe amandla | 100 m3 ku-5 K kunikeza cishe u-2,900 kWh |
Ifomu lesisindo esifihlekile | Isisindo siphindwe ngukushisa kokuhlangana endaweni yokuguqula | Inani lemidiya endaweni engaguquki | Iqhwa ku-334 kJ/kg nge-toni linikeza cishe u-335 kWh |
Ingxenye esebenzisekayo | Umthamo wegobolondo uphindwe ngengxenye imidiya engayifinyelela | Inhlawulo yokwehlukaniswa okungaphelele | Umthamo osebenzisekayo wamaphesenti angu-90 ugcina amaphesenti angu-90 wamandla |
Imisebenzi emithathu ekhiqiza izitolo ezintathu ezihlukene
Ukunciphisa isiqongo, ukudlula nokuhambisa umthwalo kubukeka kufana ngaphandle ngoba zontathu zibandakanya ithangi ohlelweni lwamanzi abandayo, futhi ziyahluka kulokho ithangi elicelwa ukuba likwenze ngesikhathi somcimbi. Ukunciphisa isiqongo kuhloswe ngakho umnikelo wesitshalo esiqongweni sesidingo: isitolo sikhipha ngesikhathi lowo mnikelo uphezulu kakhulu kuthangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Umthamo umsebenzi ngamunye owushoyo uyahluka ngohlobo, hhayi nje ngosayizi, futhi kunjalo nomodi wokwehluleka. Isitolo sokunciphisa isiqongo esingakhokhisiwe ngesikhathi asinikeli lutho esiqongweni. Isitolo sokudlula esingekho ezingeni lokushisa elifanele asiwuthwali umthwalo phakathi nokuphazamiseka. Isitolo sokuhambisa umthwalo esilahlekelwa kakhulu ngokufudumala okumile asinamandla asele okuwukhipha kuthangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ukukhetha phakathi kwamanzi abandayo, iqhwa kanye nezinto zokushintsha isigaba
I-medium inquma izinga lokushisa isitolo esingasinikeza kanye nezinga lokushajwa nokukhishwa kwalo. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi abandayo kuyinto elula kakhulu: isitolo ngamanzi abandayo ngokwawo, i-loop delta-T ibeka ukuminyana kwamandla, futhi amazinga ayizinga lokugeleza kwe-loop. Ingakwazi kuphela ukunikeza izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwephoyinti lokuncibilika kweqhwa lethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ukugcinwa kweqhwa kunweba ibanga liye phansi ngoba ushintsho lwesigaba lwenzeka ezingeni lokushisa elingaguquki futhi amandla agciniwe awakhawulelwe yi-delta-T. Izindleko iyisekhethi yokuqandisa nokuncibilikisa, ukuphathwa kweqhwa, ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwezimo zokushaja nokukhipha kanye nengqondo yokulawula eyengeziwe. Izinto zokushintsha isigaba zihlala phakathi kwalokhu kokubili, zigcina ukushisa okufihlekile ezingeni lokushisa lokushintsha elikhethiwe lethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Shaja, bamba futhi ukhiphe: isakhiwo nesixhumi sokulawula
Yonke indawo yokugcina ukushisa isebenza ngezindlela ezintathu, futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo sokulawula kufanele sichaze zontathu. Kumodi yokushaja, indawo yokugcina yamukela ukushisa okuvela esitshalweni, kungaba ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo sinamandla engeziwe noma ngenxa yokuthi intela yenza amandla abe ashibhile. Kumodi yokubamba, indawo yokugcina ihlukanisiwe futhi igcina amandla ayo. Kumodi yokukhipha, iletha ukushisa emjikelezweni, ngokuxhumana okuhlukene lapho amamodi edinga amazinga ahlukene ethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokulawula sinquma ukuthi indawo yokugcina iyasebenza yini empeleni. Isilawuli sesitshalo kufanele sazi ukuthi indawo yokugcina iyatholakala nini, igcina amandla angakanani futhi ingaletha izinga elingakanani, futhi isilawuli sendawo yokugcina kufanele sazi ukuthi isitshalo senzani. Lokho kushintshana kuyisethi yezimpawu ezichaziwe: isibonakaliso sesimo, ukutholakala kokushaja, ukutholakala kokukhipha, amandla agciniwe noma izinzwa zokushisa, kanye nezimpawu zemvume zethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ukwehlukaniswa kanye nomthamo osebenzisekayo okushiya wona
Esitolo samanzi apholile umthamo osebenzisekayo awuwona umthamo wangaphandle. Ingxenye yomthamo wangaphandle isitolo esingayifinyelela ngempela ngamanzi asesimweni sokushisa esifanele, futhi leyo ngxenye inqunywa ukuthi isitolo siwagcina kahle kangakanani amazinga awo. Amanzi abandayo afakwa phezulu ehla ngamanzi afudumele angaphansi kwawo futhi anyusele amanzi afudumele phezulu ukuze kugcinwe amandla okushisa ethangini lokugcina amandla okushisa
Lokhu kunomthelela oqondile ekubalweni kwamandla, futhi umthelela ovame ukushoda esiphakamisweni. Isitolo esichazwe ngomthamo wangaphandle sithatha ukuthi wonke umthamo uyatholakala ku-delta-T yokuklama. Ukwehlukaniswa okungaphelele kwamazinga kunikeza umthamo osebenzisekayo omncane, ngakho-ke ukushoda kuvela njengokushoda kwamandla ngesikhathi sokukhishwa esikhundleni sokuba ithangi elingekho. Incazelo kufanele iveze umthamo osebenzisekayo wethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ukufakwa kwezinto zokuvikela ukushisa nokutholakala kokushisa njengokulahlekelwa umthamo
Yonke indawo yokugcina ukushisa ilahlekelwa ukushisa ngogobolondo lwayo, uphahla lwayo namapayipi ayo, futhi lokho kulahlekelwa kuphuma ngqo emandleni agciniwe. Ukulahlekelwa kuhambisana nendawo engaphezulu, umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lesitoreji kanye nendawo ezungezile, kanye nokuhamba kokushisa kwe-insulation, ngakho-ke kukala nge-geometry ebeka umthamo. Isilinganiso sendawo engaphezulu nomthamo sinquma ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kuyiphutha lokusondeza noma ingxenye ebucayi yethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Umthelela uvezwa ngokucacile njengephesenti lokulahlekelwa kwansuku zonke. Uma isitoreji silahlekelwa ukuzuza ukushisa kwansuku zonke okulingana nephesenti elincane lamandla aso agciniwe, isikhathi eside sokuma sisusa lelo phesenti ngosuku, futhi isitoreji siletha okuncane kunalokho ebesikhokhiswe ngakho. Isitoreji esikhokhiswa ngempelasonto ukuze sikhishwe ngoMsombuluko ekuseni silahlekelwa izinsuku ezintathu zokuzuza ukushisa kokuma kwethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ukuthembeka nezimo zokwehluleka ezibalulekile
Isitolo sokushisa sinezindlela eziningi zokwehluleka kunethangi elingenamsebenzi oxhunyiwe kulo, ngoba sinezinto zangaphakathi ezisebenzayo, isixhumi sokulawula kanye nesimo esigciniwe esingehla. Izimo zokwehluleka okufanele ziklanyelwe kuzo ukulahlekelwa ukuhlukaniswa, iphrobe yezinga lokushisa noma yezinga ehlulekayo, i-valve enamathayo, kanye nokwehluleka kwemboni esizayo ehambisa amanzi ethangini lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ukulahlekelwa ukuhlukaniswa ukwehluleka okuhamba kancane okubonakala njengokushoda komthamo kunokuba kube isexwayiso, yingakho umthamo osebenzisekayo kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa. Iphrobe ehlulekayo isusa ulwazi okuncike kulo ukulandelana kokulawula, futhi ukuziphatha okulungile yisimo sokubuyela emuva esichaziwe. I-valve enamathayo ivulekile ishiya isitolo sixhunyiwe ku-loop yethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ukugcinwa kokushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi ye-buffer, kanye nohlu lokuhlola lwezicaciso
Imisebenzi emibili ihlukaniswa ngokucacile isikhathi kanye neyunithi okulinganiswa ngayo ngayinye. Ithangi lebhafa lilinganiswa ngamagalani noma ngamamitha ekhubhu ngetoni futhi lilinganiswa ngemizuzu. Isitoreji sokushisa silinganiswa ngamathoni-amahora futhi silinganiswa ngamahora, ngokuklanywa kwe-delta-T kanye newindi lokukhipha. Ibhafa iyisitsha esilula; isitoreji sidinga izinto zangaphakathi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ngakho-ke isicaciso kufanele sinqume umsebenzi neyunithi ngaphambi kokunquma ivolumu. Sichaza umsebenzi ngamahora nangemithetho yentela noma yokuphazamiseka, amandla ngamathoni-amahora kanye ne-kWh eceleni kwevolumu, ukuklanywa kwe-delta-T kanye nemidiya, amazinga okushaja nokukhipha, isikhathi sokuma kanye nokulahleka kokushisa okuklanywe, kanye nomthamo osebenzisekayo nendlela yawo yokuqinisekisa yethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
· Umsebenzi ngamahora: ukunciphisa iziqongo, ukudlula noma ukushintsha umthwalo, kanye nomcimbi wawo wethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
· Amandla nge-ton-hours kanye ne-kWh, kanye ne-design delta-T noma i-transition point ye-thermal energy storage tank
· Imidiya kanye nesimo esibonakalayo esiyiphethe ye-thermal energy storage tank
· Izinga lokushaja, izinga lokukhipha kanye newindi lokukhipha le-thermal energy storage tank
· Isikhathi sokuma kanye nokulahleka kokushisa okuklanyelwe kwe-thermal energy storage tank
· Umthamo osebenzisekayo, oshiwo ngokwehlukana nomthamo weqokobhe le-thermal energy storage tank
· Indlela yokuqinisekisa umthamo osebenzisekayo we-thermal energy storage tank
· Amasignali okuxhumana kokulawula phakathi kwesitore nesilawuli semboni ye-thermal energy storage tank
· Izimo eziphephile ezichaziwe zokwehluleka kwe-probe, ivalvu kanye namandla okusiza e-thermal energy storage tank
· Imikhawulo yendawo mayelana nendawo esetshenziswayo, ukufinyelela, umthamo we-crane kanye nokufakwa kwe-thermal energy storage tank
Isifundo Sombandela Wephrojekthi
Incwadi yokubhekisela yalo msebenzi, ecashunwe emtatsheni wemisebenzi oqinisekisiwe. Izinga lokufanisa C. Ukulethwa kwezingilazi ezinkulu ezihlanganiswe nensimbi okucashunwe njengobufakazi bekhono lokukhiqiza. Umtatsheni oqinisekisiwe awunayo iphrojekthi yokugcina amandla ashisayo noma yokugcina ehlisiwe yesikhungo sedatha, ngakho le ndatshana ayisebenzisi ukukhombisa ukusebenza kokuhlukaniswa noma umthamo wokugcina, njengoba kuchaziwe ngethangi lokugcina amandla ashisayo.
I-ID yephrojekthi | Izwe | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Inani lamathangi | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa | Ububanzi bokuhlinzeka |
NAM-POT-44900-B | INamibia | Ithangi eliboshiwe leNgilazi Ehlanganiswe NeNsimbi (GFS) | 44,900 m3 | 4 | φ41.26 × 8.4 m (Ukuphakama) ithangi ngalinye | 2022-09 | Akurekhodiwe |
Ukulethwa kweglasi elikhulu elihlanganiswe nensimbi okubalulwe njengobufakazi bekhono lokukhiqiza. Umtapo oqinisekisiwe awunayo iphrojekthi yokugcina amandla okushisa noma yokugcina okubandayo yesikhungo sedatha, ngakho le ndatshana ayiwusebenzisi ukukhombisa ukusebenza kwe-stratification noma umthamo wokugcina, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe ngetanki lamandla okushisa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1. Yini umthengi ayithengayo ngempela lapho ecacisa isitoreji sokushisa?
Umthengi uthenga ikhono lokugcina inani lamandla okushisa nokuwahambisa esikhathini. Ikhono lokuphatha amandla liwumkhiqizo; ithangi yisitsha esikuletha. Isiphakamiso somthamo wamanzi asikwazi ukuqhathaniswa nesiphakamiso sesitoreji seqhwa, nakuba zombili zifeza umsebenzi ofanayo wetanki lamandla okushisa
Umbuzo 2. Kungani umthamo uvezwa ngamandla kunokuba uvezwe ngomthamo?
Ngoba ivolumu efanayo ibamba amanani ahluke kakhulu amandla ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ukugcinwa okunengqondo emanzini kukhawulwa yi-delta-T i-loop engasebenza kuyo. Ukugcinwa okufihlekile eqhweni elincibilikayo kwengeza ukushisa kokuhlangana ezingeni lokushisa elingaguquki, ngakho ukushintsha okuncane kusagcina inani elikhulu, njengoba kuchaziwe ngetanki lokugcina amandla okushisa.
Umbuzo 3. Yimiphi imisebenzi emithathu eyenziwa ukugcinwa kokushisa?
Ukunciphisa isiqongo, ukudlula nokuhambisa umthwalo. Ukunciphisa isiqongo kunciphisa umnikelo wesitshalo esiqongweni sesidingo futhi sishajwe kabusha ngaphandle kwesiqongo. Ukudlula kuthwala umthwalo phakathi kokuphazamiseka okuchaziwe. Ukuhambisa umthwalo kuhambisa ukusetshenziswa kungene esikhathini sentela eshibhile. Kuyahluka ngamahora abandakanyekayo, ngakho umsebenzi kufanele unqunywe kuqala ngetanki lokugcina amandla okushisa
Umbuzo 4. Zikhethwa kanjani amanzi abandayo, iqhwa kanye nezinto zokushintsha isigaba?
Amanzi apholile ayindlela elula kakhulu futhi agcina amandla amancane kakhulu nge-cubic metre ngayinye, anqunyelwa yi-loop delta-T. Iqhwa linweba ibanga lokushisa liye phansi ngoba ukushintsha kwesigaba kwenzeka ezingeni lokushisa elingaguquki, ngezindleko zesekethe yokuqandisa nokuncibilikisa kanye nengqondo yokulawula eyengeziwe, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe ngethenda yokugcina amandla okushisa.
Umbuzo 5. I-architecture yokushaja, yokubamba nokukhipha ibukeka kanjani?
Imodi yokushaja yamukela ukushisa okuvela esitshalweni, imodi yokubamba ihlukanisa isitolo futhi igcine amandla, kanti imodi yokukhipha iletha ukushisa ku-loop. Ukuhlelwa kulandela amamodi, kunezixhumanisi ezihlukene lapho amazinga noma amazinga okushisa ehluka khona. Isixhumi sokusebenza kufanele sichaze isimo sesitolo, izimpawu zokutholakala kanye nedatha yenzwa yethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Umbuzo 6. Ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba kanye nomthamo osebenzisekayo kuhlobana kanjani?
Umthamo osebenzisekayo uyingxenye yegobolondo isitolo esingayifinyelela ngamanzi esimweni sokushisa esidingekayo, hhayi umthamo wegobolondo. Ijometri yediffuser engalungile, ukugeleza kokushaja okusheshayo noma izixhumanisi ezibekwe kabi zixuba izendlalelo, futhi ukusilela kuvela njengokushoda kwamandla ekukhipheni kunokuba kube yithangi elingekho lethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Umbuzo 7. Ukuthola ukushisa kwe-insulation kunciphisa kanjani umthamo?
Ukuthola ukushisa ngogobolondo, uphahla kanye namapayipi kuphuma emandleni agciniwe, futhi kukhula ngokulingana nendawo yobuso, umehluko wokushisa kanye nokuhamba kokushisa kwe-insulation. Njengephesenti lokulahlekelwa kwansuku zonke, isikhathi sokuma sezinsuku ezimbalwa sisusa izinsuku ezimbalwa zalokho, futhi isitoreji siletha okuncane kunalokho ebesikhokhelwe ngakho kuthangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Q8. Yiziphi izimo zokuthembeka nokwehluleka?
Ezibalulekile ukulahlekelwa ukuhlukaniswa, okuvela njengokushoda komthamo esikhundleni se-alamu; i-probe yokushisa noma yezinga ehlulekile, esusa ulwazi oludingwa ukulandelana kokulawula; i-valve evulekile ebambekile, eshiya isitoreji sixhumeke ku-loop; kanye nokulahlekelwa yisitshalo esisizayo. Ngakunye kudinga isimo esiphephile kuthangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Q9. Zihlanganiswa kanjani imisebenzi yokugcina ukushisa ne-buffer?
Ithangi lebhafa likalwa ngamagaloni noma ngamamitha ekhubhu ngetoni futhi lilinganiswa ngemizuzu; linciphisa ukudlula kwesikhashana esikhathini esifushane futhi liyisitsha esilula ngokwe-hydraulic. Isitoreji sokushisa sikalingwa ngamathoni-amahora futhi silinganiswa ngamahora; sidlulisa amandla phakathi nenkathi yentela futhi sidinga izinto zangaphakathi, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuziphatha kokwehluleka kwethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Umbuzo 10. Uhlu lokuhlola lomthamo nomsebenzi luqukethe ini?
Izinto eziyishumi: umsebenzi oshiwo ngamahora kanye nomcimbi owusebenzelayo; amandla ngamathoni-amahora kanye ne-kWh kanye ne-delta-T yokuklama noma izinga lokushisa lokushintsha; imidiya kanye nesimo somzimba esigciniwe; izinga lokushaja, izinga lokukhipha kanye newindi; isikhathi sokuma kanye nokulahlekelwa ukushisa; umthamo osebenzisekayo oshiwo ngokwehlukile kumthamo wegobolondo; indlela yokuqinisekisa; eyethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa
Ukugcinwa kwamandla okushisa kufanele kucaciswe njengomthamo ngamathoni-amahora ngokwe-delta-T yokuklama ebekiwe, iwindi lokukhipha elibekiwe kanye nokulahlekelwa ukushisa okumile okubekiwe, ngoba ukucaciswa ngokomthamo awukwazi ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwesitoreji samanzi abandayo, isitoreji seqhwa kanye nesitoreji sokushintsha kwesigaba, futhi ngoba umsebenzi ngamahora yikho okuhlukanisa ngempela lezi zinhlelo ezintathu zokusetshenziswa. Umphumela walokho ukuthi umthamo osebenzisekayo, ukulahlekelwa esikhathini sokuma kanye nokuziphatha kokwehluleka kufanele kubekwe eceleni kwesibalo samandla, ngoba lezo zinto ezintathu yilapho umehluko phakathi komthamo ocashuniwe nomthamo olethiwe utholakala khona. Isitoreji esicaciswe ngale ndlela singaqhathaniswa phakathi kweziphakamiso futhi siqinisekiswe ngomsebenzi waso ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ukusebenza, okuyinto isitoreji esicaciswe ngokomthamo esingakwazi ukuyenza ethangini lokugcina amandla okushisa.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Okwethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa, thumela umsebenzi okufanele isitolo sisebenzele wona kanye nomcimbi okhuluma ngawo, umthwalo wokushisa ngamathani kanye namahora okuhilelekile, amazinga okushisa amanzi abandayo ekunikezeni nasekubuyiseni kanye ne-delta-T etholakalayo, izinga lokukhishwa elifiswayo kanye newindi, imidiya ecatshangelwayo, isikhathi sokuma phakathi kokushaja nokukhipha, izimo zendawo ezungezile yesiza, indawo kanye nokhreni kanye nemikhawulo yokufinyelela, kanye nohlelo lokulawula okufanele isitolo sixhumane nalo. Sizobuyisela ucwaningo lomthamo olusho amandla ngamathani-amahora kanye ne-kWh, inani lemidiya kanye nomthamo wegobolondo, umthamo osebenzisekayo kanye nemfuneko yokwehlukaniswa, ukulahlekelwa okushisa okuklanyelwe esikhathini sokuma, ukulandelana kokushaja nokukhipha, kanye nokuziphatha kokwehluleka okuzobhalwa esimisweni.
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe ozinikele ekuklameni nasekwakheni amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo luhlanganisa amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), amathangi e-Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE), amathangi ensimbi engagqwali, amathangi ensimbi e-galvanized kanye nophahla lwe-aluminium geodesic dome, kanye nokwesekwa kobuchwepheshe be-EPC kanye nezinsiza zamathangi. Ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001, ISO 14001 kanye ne-ISO 45001, futhi uhlu lwemikhiqizo luqinisekisiwe nge-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, CE kanye ne-EN 1090, ISO 28765, AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-NFPA lapho isicelo sidinga khona. Inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi e-enameling acishe abe ngu-200, isebenzisa isizinda sokukhiqiza esingama-150,000 m2, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi e-enamel-coated angama-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ithumele amathangi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Ikhono lokuklama kobunjiniyela lihlanganisa umthamo wamathangi afinyelela ku-60,000 m3, njengoba kuchaziwe ngemininingwane ngethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa.
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