Amathangi e-TES: Isikhombisi Esisheshayo Sokugcina Ukushisa Ekupholiseni Isikhungo Sedatha
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Amathangi e-TES: Isikhombisi Esisheshayo Sokugcina Ukushisa Ekupholiseni Kwesikhungo Sedatha
Amathangi e-TES ashintsha umsebenzi wokupholisa esikhundleni sokuwudala. Ekupholiseni kwesikhungo sedatha, ukugcinwa kwamandla ashisayo kugcina amanzi abandayo, iqhwa noma into eshintsha isimo eyenziwe ngamahora angenakho ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu ukuze isitshalo sokupholisa sinciphe noma singasebenzi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuphezulu. Izinombolo ezintathu okufanele zifundwe umthamo osebenzisekayo ngamakilowathi-amahora, isici esisebenzisekayo njengephesenti lethiyori, namahora okuzimela emthwalweni wokuklama. Ithangi lamanzi ligcina cishe u-1.16 kWh ngemitha ye-cubic nge-kelvin eyodwa yomehluko wokushisa futhi ngokuvamile liklanywa kuma-70 kuya ku-90 ephesenti asebenzisekayo. I-TES ayinciphisi ugesi wesayithi isiyonke; iyawususa futhi iwuhlele kabusha.
Amaqembu okuthenga afika okokuqala ekugcineni ukushisa ngokuvamile ahlangana nesilulumagama esifanayo ngesonto elifanayo: i-TES, i-SOC, i-delta T, i-COP, i-PUE, i-N+1. Ngayinye yale migqa inencazelo ethile embonini yamanzi abandayo, futhi ukungafani kwezincazelo yilapho iphrojekthi yokugcina ihamba kabi khona. Elinye iqembu licaphuna umthamo wetanki yegama, elinye licaphuna ama-kilowatt-amahora alethwayo, futhi inkontileka igcina inetanki elihlangabezana nomdwebo walo kodwa lehluleka umsebenzi walo.
Leli khasi lokubhekisela lihlanganisa izincazelo ezingokoqobo ezisetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi okugcina idatha ezikhungweni zedatha: ziyini izindlela ezine ze-TES, yiziphi izilinganiso ezibalulekile encazelweni, yiziphi izinkolelo ezingelona iqiniso, nokuthi isifinyezo ngasinye sisho ukuthini. Yisebenzise ngaphambi koku-oda ithangi, ukuze amathangi e-TES asemidwebeni kanye namathangi e-TES asohlelweni lwesizeni kube umkhumbi ofanayo.
Yisebenzise njengesisekelo esabiwe phakathi konjiniyela wokuklama, usonkontileka kanye nomhlinzeki wamathangi.
Izindlela Ezine ze-TES Ngokushesha
Amanzi abandayo anengqondo ayisibonelo. Amanzi ayapholiswa, agcinwe ethangini elivikelwe futhi abuyiselwe embonini. Umthamo ulandela `Q = V x rho x cp x dT`, futhi ibhendi yokushisa yokuklama ngokuvamile i-5-7 degC kuya ku-12-14 degC, okunikeza i-delta T ecishe ibe ngu-6 K.
Iqhwa lenyusa ukuminyana ngokushisa okufihlekile. Iqhwa elakhiwe kumakhoyili noma ngumvuni ngaphakathi kwethangi lamanzi ligcina cishe u-334 kJ ngekhilogramu ngalinye lamanzi eliphenduke iqhwa, okukhulu kakhulu ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo kunokupholisa okuzwakalayo. Ukushintshana ukushisa okufushane phakathi kwemijikelezo kanye neluphu engaqondile.
I-PCM ibamba izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwesigaba. Ama-salts noma ama-paraffin afakwe emabhokisini ancibilika futhi abe yiqhwa endaweni ebekiwe, okuvumela isitoreji ukuthi sihlale ezingeni lokushisa elihlukile kuneluphu yamanzi abandayo. Isishintshisi sokushisa sihlala sisendleleni.
I-Thermocline ingamanzi anomngcele wokushisa. Amazinga okushisa amanzi amabili ahlala ethangini elilodwa anomngcele ohambayo phakathi kwawo, ashajwa ngokumpompa ukubuya okushisayo phezulu nokuhlinzeka okubandayo phansi. Kusebenzisa indlela efanayo nomzila wamanzi abandayo futhi kwenza ukuhlelwa kwama-nozzle kube lula.
Umzila | Okulingene | Ibhendi yokushisa | Umjikelezo ongaqondile | Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile |
Amanzi abandayo | Amanzi | 5-7 kuya ku-12-14 degC | Ngezinye izikhathi | Ukunciphisa isiqongo, isigcinalutho, ukupholisa okuphuthumayo |
Iqhwa | Iqhwa emanzini | Cishe ku-0 degC | Njalo | Ukulungiswa okulinganiselwe indawo |
I-PCM | Usawoti ofakwe emabhokisini noma i-paraffin | Kusethwa ngephoyinti yesigaba | Njalo | Imisebenzi yebhendi yokushisa encane |
I-Thermocline | Amanzi, izigaba ezimbili | Hlukaniswa ngaphambili | Ngezinye izikhathi | Isitoreji eside, umkhumbi owodwa |
Izilinganiso Okufanele Zibe Kusipesifikheshini
Umthamo osebenzisekayo ngama-kilowatt-hora. Hhayi umthamo wethangi, hhayi i-nameplate. Usayizi kusuka kumthwalo ngama-kilowatt ophindwe ngesikhathi sokugcina ngamahora, uhlukaniswe nge-usable factor, bese uhlukaniswe nge-volumetric density yendlela ekhethiwe. Ihholo elingu-5 MW esikhathini samahora ayisishiyagalombili lidinga u-40 MWh wamakhaza alethwayo ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa.
I-usable factor nokuthi kungani ingaphansi kuka-100 percent. Ukuwa kwe-stratification, ukuxubana endaweni yokungena, i-thermal shorting kanye nokuvuza kokushisa kwendawo konke kunciphisa ingxenye edonswayo. Indlela yamanzi ngokuvamile iklanywa ku-70 kuya ku-90 percent yethiyori; i-ice ne-PCM kwehla kakhulu uma imikhawulo yazo yokudlulisa isibalwa.
Amahora okuzimela kanye nesimo sokwehluleka. Isitoreji esithengelwe isiqongo segridi sihlukile kunesitoreji esithengelwe ukuqala kwejeneretha. Ithangi elinikezwa, ngokwesibonelo, amahora amane okuzimela ngomthwalo oyingxenye liyisitsha esihluke kakhulu kulelo elinikezwa izinga eliphelele lesikhathi sokusebenza.
1. Amandla agciniwe: ama-megawatt-hora okupholisa okulethwayo ezingeni lokubuya eliklanyelwe.
2. Iwindi lokugcina: amahora ngosuku isitshalo esilindele ukusebenza ngesitoreji.
3. Izinga lokushaja nokukhipha: ama-kilowatt angenayo naphumayo, okubeka usayizi womlomo, indawo yokusabalalisa kanye nomsebenzi wepompo.
4. Ukulahlekelwa kokulinda: iphesenti lokushaja okulahlekayo ngosuku, okubuyiselwa ekushajeni okulandelayo.
5. Isici esisebenzisekayo: iphesenti lomthamo wethiyori okwazi ukukhishwa ngempela.
Imibono Eyiphutha Evamile
"I-TES yehlisa ibhili yami kagesi ngokugcina amakhaza amahhala." Ayidali amakhaza. Isihlanzi sisakhiqiza wonke ama-kilowatt-hour, amanye awo ngendlela ephumelelayo ngaphandle kwesikhathi esimatasa lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lincane. Ukonga kuvela esakhiweni sentela kanye nezindleko zesidingo, hhayi emandleni amahhala.
"Ithangi elikhulu lihlala lingcono." Isitoreji esingagcwaliswa ngokuphelele sisinda ngokungadingekile. Isikhathi sokushaja kanye nendawo eyengeziwe yesihlanzi kufanele kuhambisane nosayizi wethangi, noma umkhumbi ugcwala ku-60 ekhulwini njalo ekuseni futhi unikeze u-60 ekhulwini.
"Iqhwa lihlala linqoba amanzi ngendawo." Kuphela uma umjikelezo ongaqondile, ukuphakama kwegumbi lomshini kanye nomsebenzi wokuncibilikisa iqhwa kubalwa. Ukwanda kokuminyana kungokoqobo; umthamo olethwayo ngemuva kokulahlekelwa kudinga ukuhlolwa.
"Ithangi lidinga amandla ukuze lihlale libanda." Umkhumbi ogqitshwe kahle ugcina izinga lokushisa izinsuku. Okudinga amandla ukujikeleza, hhayi isitoreji, yingakho ithangi lamanzi elisemoyeni lisiza ngesikhathi sokuqala kwejeneretha.
Izifinyezo kuSheduli Yokupholisa
I-TES ukugcinwa kwamandla okushisa; esikhungweni sedatha amandla okubanda enziwa ngesikhathi esingasetshenziswa kakhulu futhi agcinwe ethangini.
I-SOC isimo sokushaja njengephesenti lomthamo osebenzisekayo, umqondo ofanayo nebhethri.
I-dT noma i-delta T umehluko phakathi kokunikezwayo nokubuyiselwayo nge-kelvin noma nge-degC; umshayeli womthamo wamanzi.
I-COP i-coefficient of performance, umphumela wokupholisa phezu kokufakwa kukagesi kwi-chiller.
I-PUE i-power usage effectiveness, amandla esizinda esiphelele phezu kwamandla e-IT.
I-CHW / CW amanzi abandayo anikezwayo kanye nomjikelezo wamanzi e-condenser.
I-N+1 / 2N ukuhlelwa kokungafuneki kabusha kwesikhungo se-chiller.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Into | Inani noma inketho |
Umsebenzi | Ukunciphisa isiqongo, ukunciphisa i-chiller, noma ukuzimela kokupholisa okuphuthumayo |
Okumaphakathi | Amanzi abandayo, iqhwa, i-PCM, noma amanzi e-thermocline |
Ukunikezwa / ukubuyiselwa | 5-7 degC ukunikezwa, 12-14 degC ukubuyiselwa njengebhendi lokuqala |
I-Delta T | 4-6 K ngokucophelela, 5-7 K okujwayelekile emanzini |
Ukuminyana (amanzi) | Cishe u-1.163 kWh nge-m3 nge-K, cishe u-7 kWh/m3 ku-6 K |
Isici esisebenzisekayo | Amaphesenti angama-70-90 emanzini, aphansi eqhweni naku-PCM |
Isimo sethangi | Cishe umkhathi, noma ingcindezi ephansi yokukala uma yakhelwe njengomngcele wengcindezi |
Ukufaka insulate | Uboya bamaminerali obulinganiswe ukugcina isikhumba singaphezu kwephoyinti lamazolo |
Ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenziseka | Umthamo okalwayo emngceleni wemboni ngomjikelezo ogcwele |
Icala Lomklamo
Inkambu | Inani |
Iphrojekthi | Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphuzwayo eNamibia (P-A) |
Umkhiqizo | 01 Ithangi le-Glass-Fused-to-Steel |
Umthamo | 44,900 m3 isiyonke |
Ubukhulu | 4 amathangi, ububanzi obungu-41.26 m, ubude obungu-8.4 m |
Ukuqedwa | Septhemba 2022 |
Nakuba amaphrojekthi ethu ayisethenjwa futhi asethulwayo emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile ahlanganisa lesi sikhathi sokuphuza, isikhathi se-TES sesikhungo sedatha sakhiwe ngamazinga afanayo. Amathangi amane aboshiwe anobubanzi obungu-41.26 m ayisibonelo sendlela isitsha esikhulu samanzi esiseduze nomkhathi sihlukaniswa ngamaphaneli, sithunyelwe futhi sihlanganiswe endaweni, okuyisisekelo esifanayo sokwakha esisetshenziswa ithangi le-TES ogebheni lalo nasekumbozweni kwalo.
Amandla Okwakha e-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Amagama ahunyushwe kuma-hardware
· I-TES yigama elibanzi, futhi esikhungweni sedatha ukuhlukaniswa okusizayo kusekelwe endaweni yokugcina nasezingeni lengcindezi, hhayi egameni lokumaketha; izidingo zegobolondo zilandela lokho kuhlukaniswa.
· Izincazelo okufanele ziqinisekiswe ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi: umthamo osebenzisekayo (ngemuva kwezindawo ezixubile nezingasebenzi), ukulahlekelwa okumile, izinga lokushaja/ukukhipha, kanye nezinga lengcindezi (umkhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nomngcele ocindezelwe).
· Amagobolondo ethu asemkhathini aboshiwe okugcina amanzi amaningi, alethwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³ nge-tank ngayinye, ayizinto ezibonakalayo ezingemuva kwalokho okuningi kwalezi zincazelo ekusebenzeni.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe amathangi e-TES anciphisa i-PUE?
A1: Cha, hhayi ngqo. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokujiya ebusuku kanye namahora amade okuqhuba isiqandisi endaweni yomklamo kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komshini, futhi inzuzo enkulu isekuhlangothini lwezindleko zamandla. Bala ushintsho ku-COP yomshini ngokumelene noshintsho ekulahlekelweni kwethangi ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo senzuzo ye-PUE.
Q2: Yini umehluko ofanele we-delta T wethangi lamanzi abandayo?
A2: Ama-kelvin amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa ajwayelekile kubhendi engu-6 kuya ku-12 degC; amane kuya kwayisithupha ayisinqumo esilondolozayo lapho ukulahlekelwa kwe-stratification kulindeleke ukuthi kube phezulu. Ibhendi ebanzi yehlisa ivolumu edingekayo kuma-kilowatt-hour agciniwe afanayo.
Q3: Isimo sokushaja sikhonjiswa kanjani esikrinini sokulawula sedatha yesikhungo?
A3: Njengephesenti lomthamo osebenzisekayo, kusukela kumazinga okushisa okunikezwayo nokubuyiselwayo, ivolumu egciniwe kanye nesici sokusebenziseka. Setha imikhawulo ephezulu nephansi ukuze isitshalo singalokothi sithembise amakhaza amaningi kunalawo atholakala ethangini.
Q4: Ingabe ithangi le-TES lidinga ukuba yisitsha somfutho?
A4: Cha, hhayi ngokuvamile. Ithangi lamanzi eliseduze nomkhathi lihlala ngaphandle komngcele womfutho, ngakho ikhodi esebenzayo kanye nedizayini yilezo ezicaciswe encazelweni yephrojekthi kanye nenkontileka. Idizayini enomfutho ihambisa isitsha, izimbobo zaso kanye nohlelo lwaso lokuhlola endaweni ehlukile.
Q5: Ingabe ithangi elilodwa lingasebenza njengesisetshenziswa sokubamba kanye nesokugcina?
A5: Yebo. Isikhashana sokubamba izikhathi zokuphazamiseka kwesihlanzi kanye nokuguquguquka kwephampu kanye nokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kungabelana ngesitsha esisodwa, inqobo nje uma ukuhlelwa kwe-nozzle ne-diffuser kukusekela futhi umsebenzisi eqonda isimo esihlangene sokushaja.
Q6: Kungani umthamo osebenzisekayo uphansi kunesibalo sethiyori?
A6: Ukwehlukaniswa kwezingqimba, ukuxubana endaweni yokungena, ukuvuza kokushisa kwendawo kanye nebhendi yokushisa okuphumayo kunciphisa lokho okungadonswa. Abaklami basebenzisa amaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangama-90 emanzini futhi balinganise umphumela emngceleni wesikhungo.
Q7: Yini okufanele ilinganiswe ukuhlolwa kokwamukela?
A7: Amakhilowathi wehora adingekayo emngceleni wesikhungo phakathi nomjikelezo ogcwele wokushaja nokukhipha, kanye nesikhathi sokushaja, ukulahleka kokulinda kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphumayo elifinyelelwe ngezinga lokukhipha eliklanyelwe. Isivumelwano sethangi le-TES esiveza kuphela amamitha ayikhubhu sishiya ukuhlolwa kokwamukela kube yimpikiswano kamuva.
Funda iphrojekthi yokugcina njengeqoqo lezincazelo ngaphambi kokuba ibe iqoqo lemidwebo. Kunezindlela ezine ezikhona, izilinganiso ezinhlanu ezibalulekile, futhi izifinyezo kufanele zisho into efanayo kumklami, kumdwebi kanye nomhlinzeki. Amathangi e-TES awenzi ukuthi isikhungo sedatha sisebenzise ugesi omncane; ashukumisa lowo gesi uye emahoreni ashibhile, anciphise isitshalo sokupholisa futhi anikeze isitshalo ithuba lokudlula esikhathini sokuphazamiseka. Thola izincazelo kahle bese ukulinganisa komkhumbi kulandela.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umthwalo we-IT wokuklama, iwindi lokugcina elihlosiwe, amazinga okushisa okunikezwayo nokubuyiselwayo esitshalweni sokupholisa kanye nendawo etholakalayo. Sizobuyisela isibalo esingemuva kwalesi sikhombo: amakhilowathi-wahora agciniwe, amamitha ayikubhi adingekayo, isici esisebenzisekayo esisetshenzisiwe, kanye nencazelo yomlomo wokuphuma, isisabalalisi kanye ne-insulation. Uma uqhathanisa izindlela, cela isibalo esifanayo se-ice ne-PCM ukuze ukuqhathanisa kwenziwe ngomthamo otholakalayo.
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