Amathangi e-TES: Isithenjwa Esisheshayo Sokugcinwa Kokushisa Ekupholiseni Isikhungo Sedatha
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Amathangi e-TES: Isiqondiso Esisheshayo Sokusungula Ukugcinwa Kokushisa Ekupheliseni Kwedatha
Ithangi le-TES ligcina ukupholisa njengokushisa okuzwakalayo emanzini ahlanzekile ahlukanisiwe, ukushisa okucashile eqhweni, noma ukushisa okucashile ezintweni ezishintsha isimo, futhi livumela isitshalo sokupholisa ukuthi sinciphise isidingo esiphezulu noma sidlule esigamekweni; indlela efanele yokwakha ikhethwa ngokukhushulwa kwezinga lokushisa okukhona, isikhala kanye nomsebenzi okufanele ukugcinwa kuwenze.
Isingeniso
Ukugcinwa kwamandla okushisa (TES) esitshalweni sokupholisa sedatha yisitho esigcina ukupholisa lapho kushibhile noma kuningi futhi sikubuyisele lapho umthwalo noma intela yentela ikudinga. Yisona sikhathi esikhulu kunazo zonke izitshalo eziningi zokupholisa ezinaso sokunciphisa isidingo sikagesi esiphezulu nokudlula esigamekweni sikagesi ngaphandle kukaphethiloli wejeneretha, futhi sisebenza namachila oniwo kakade kunokuba siwathathe indawo.
Lokhu kuyincwadi yokubhekisela emfushane, hhayi incwadi yokuklama. Ikutshela ukuthi iyini ithangi le-TES, izinhlaka ezintathu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kanye nezinombolo ezichaza ngayinye, ukuthi isitoreji sishintsha kanjani isitshalo se-chiller, kuthatha malini futhi kubuyisela ini, izimo lapho kungafanele kwenziwe khona, kanye nemibuzo okufanele uyiyise kuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokuba utshale imali. Isisekelo somzimba yi-ASHRAE Handbook; ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamathangi okugcina kulandela izinqubo zokuhlola ezifanayo ezishicilelwe yi-IAPMO.
Funda lokhu kuqala lapho uzijwayeza, bese uthatha imibuzo ekugcineni uyiyise kunjiniyela ozokala ithangi langempela.
Ukuthi iyini ithangi le-TES esigabeni esisodwa
Ithangi le-TES liyisitoreji somthamo wokupholisa, hhayi umkhiqizi wawo. Ligcina umthamo woketshezi ezingeni lokushisa eliwusizo embonini, ligcwaliswa ama-chiller lapho kunomthamo osele noma ugesi oshibhile futhi likhishwa ku-coil yokupholisa noma ekusabiseni lapho umthwalo noma intela ikudinga. Ithangi ngokwalo alenzi ukupholisa; lihlukanisa isikhathi okwenziwa ngaso ukupholisa nesikhathi okusetshenziswa ngaso.
Kusikhungo sedatha inani liphindwe kabili. Ngokokusebenza lidlulisa imboni esiphazamiseni sikagesi noma ekuphazamisekeni kwe-chiller imizuzu noma amahora obuningi bokushisa obungakwazi ukumboza, futhi ngokomnotho livumela ama-chiller ukuthi asebenze ebusuku noma ngesikhathi sentela ephansi ukuze agcwalise ithangi, bese enciphisa noma egwema isidingo sikagesi esiphezulu phakathi nosuku. Ithangi liyisivikelo phakathi kwama-chiller nomthwalo ngesikhathi, hhayi kuphela ekugelezeni njengoba kwenza ithangi lesivikelo.
Izindlela ezintathu zokwakheka
Izakhiwo ezintathu ziyabusa. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi abandayo anezigaba kuyinto elula kakhulu: ithangi elide lamanzi agcwaliswe ngamandla okubanda phansi futhi lifudumele phezulu, ahlukaniswe yi-thermocline, ukuze isitshalo sithathe amanzi abandayo phansi futhi sibuyisele amanzi afudumele phezulu. Kusebenza ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa okulinganiselwe kwamadigri ambalwa futhi kusebenzisa amanzi ajwayelekile njengendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa.
Isitoreji seqhwa sisebenzisa ukushisa okufihlekile kokuncibilika: ukuminyana kwamandla okukhulu kakhulu ngevolumu kunamanzi, kwakhiwe njengeqhwa-elikhulayo lapho iqhwa lakheka khona lizungeze amashubhu i-brine egeleza kuwo, noma njengesivuni samandla esiguqukayo esenza futhi sigcine iqhwa ngokwehlukana. Isitoreji sezinto ezishintsha isigaba sihala phakathi kwalokhu okubili, sisebenzisa usawoti noma i-eutectic encibilikayo futhi ibanda ezingeni lokushisa elikhethiwe, okunikeza isitoreji esifihlekile endaweni emisiwe ngaphandle kwamazinga okushisa e-brine aphansi kakhulu adingwa yiqhwa.
Izinombolo ezichaza isakhiwo ngasinye
Izinombolo ezichaza isakhiwo ngasinye ukuminyana kwamandla kanye nokuphakama kwezinga lokushisa elikudingayo. Amanzi abandayo ahlukanisiwe agcina cishe u-1.16 kWh ngemitha yekhube ngayinye ngezinga ngalinye lika-Celsius le-delta-T (rho x cp x delta-T), ngakho ukushintsha kuka-5 degC (9 degF) kunikeza cishe u-5.8 kWh/m3, futhi ithangi likhulu kodwa ama-chiller ahlala emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile amanzi abandayo.
Iqhwa ligcina cishe u-93 kWh/m3 wokushisa olufihlekile endaweni yokubanda, ngakho ithangi lincane kakhulu kumandla afanayo, kodwa ama-chiller kumele enze i-brine eduze no-0 degC (32 degF) noma ngaphansi, lokho kubiza i-lift kanye nokusebenza kahle. Into eshintsha isimo igcina ezingeni lokuncibilika kwayo, ngokuvamile amashumi e-kWh/m3, phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili ezeqile. Ukukhetha kuwukuhweba komthamo wethangi, i-chiller lift kanye nezinga lokushisa okungamukeleka ekusabiseni. Ukukhetha akuvamisile ukuthi kungokwokuthi iyiphi egcina amandla amaningi nge-cubic metre ngayinye, ngoba isitshalo ngokuvamile singakwazi ukwenza isikhala sethangi; kumayelana ne-chiller lift edingwa ukwakheka okukhethiwe kanye nezinga lokushisa lokusabisa elizokwamukelwa ngama-coil akhona.
Ukuthi kushintsha kanjani isitshalo se-chiller
Isitoreji sishintsha isitshalo se-chiller ngokusivumela ukuthi sisebenze ngokumelene nethangi esikhundleni sokumelana nomthwalo wamanje. Kumodi yokushaja ama-chiller agcwalisa ithangi, elilinganiswe nomthwalo ojwayelekile esikhathini sokushaja esikhundleni sokuphezulu, ngakho isitshalo se-chiller esincane noma esihamba kancane singasebenza umthwalo omkhulu kunalokho ebesingakwenza ngaphandle kwesitoreji.
Kumodi yokukhipha amandla ithangi linikeza ingxenye noma konke ukupholisa, ngakho ama-chiller angancishiswa noma amiswe ngesikhathi sokuphakama noma somcimbi. Ukulawula kwesitshalo kuthola inani lenkululeko: ukuthi nini ukwenza ukupholisa nini ukukusebenzisa, kunqunywa yintela, isignali yegridi noma uhlelo lokuqina kunokuba kunqunywe yisidingo se-coil esikhala. Leyo nkululeko iyimpahla; ithangi iyingxenye yezinto ezibonakalayo eyibambayo.
Kubiza malini futhi konga ini
Okubizayo ithangi, iphampu eyengeziwe nokusabalalisa, kanye nezilawuli zokulishaja nokulikhipha; okongayo isidingo sikagesi esiphakeme, intela yesidingo ehambisana nayo, futhi kwezinye izimakethe ikhono lokugwema ijeneretha noma lokunciphisa uphethiloli wayo. Inzuzo iwumsebenzi wesakhiwo sentela nokuthi kuvame kangakanani ukuphakama kuncishiswa ngempela, hhayi iphesenti elimisiwe.
Isitatimende esithembekile ukuthi ukonga kuncike emthwalweni: isitshalo esikhula ngamandla ngokumelene nenkokhiso yemfuno enzima sibuyisela ithangi ngokushesha kunalelo elinesimo esicaba, futhi ikhampasi edinga ukuqina phakathi kwezigameko zegridi ibheka ithangi ngenxa yokudlula kwayo okuhlinzekayo kungakhathaliseki intela. Linganisa kokubili ukuncishiswa kwemfuno kanye nenani lokuqina ngaphambi kokuba imali ibekwe, ngoba okunye kwalokhu ngokuvamile kuthwala icala.
Lapho kungenangqondo
Ukugcinwa kokushisa akukufaneleki ukwenziwa uma iphrofayela yomthwalo isivele icaba, intela ayinayo imali yokufunwa efanele ukuncishiswa, noma indawo ayinayo isikhala futhi ayikubekezeleli ukuphakanyiswa kwesihluzi sokubandisa okudingwa ukwakheka okukhethiwe. Isitshalo esingalokothi sifinyelele umvuthwandaba ngokumelene nenkokhelo asinakho okuthile okumele kwenziwe yithangi, futhi imali ekhokhwayo ihlala ingasebenzi.
Ihluleka futhi uma ukusatshalaliswa kungakwazi ukusebenzisa izinga lokushisa lokugcina: amanzi abandayo ahlukanisiwe adinga i-delta-T eyamukelwa ngamakhoyili, iqhwa lidinga isitshalo se-brine umnikazi angeke asisebenzise, futhi ukushintsha kwesigaba kudinga iphoyinti lokusetha uhlelo oluwela kulo ngempela. Uma okuwukuphela kwendlela yokusebenzisa ukupholisa okugciniwe ukwakha kabusha ukusatshalaliswa, ukugcinwa kuwukutshalwa kwemali kokuqala okungalungile. Fanisa ukwakheka nesitshalo onaso ngaphambi kokulinganisa ithangi.
Imibuzo okufanele uyiyise kuchwepheshe
Yisa uhlu olufushane, oluqondile kuchwepheshe ukuze ingxoxo ibe mayelana nezinombolo, hhayi izigaba. Imibuzo imayelana nomsebenzi, izinga lokushisa, isikhala kanye nemali, futhi ngayinye ilawula isakhiwo esisalayo.
· Yimuphi umsebenzi okufanele uwufe ithangi: ukunciphisa isidingo, ukudlula esimweni esinzima, noma kokubili, futhi isikhathi esingakanani?
· Yiluphi ushintsho lokushisa (delta-T) olungasetshenziswa ukusabalalisa, futhi yikuphi ukuphakama kwe-chiller okwamukelekayo ukwenza isitoreji?
· Yimuphi umthamo nesikhala esitholakalayo esizeni, futhi siyini isilinganiso somthwalo we-slab noma iphansi?
· Siyini isakhiwo sentela, futhi siyini inani lentela yesidingo noma ukuqina okuzobuyiselwa ithangi?
· Yisiphi isakhiwo esifanele izinga lokushisa nesikhala, futhi siyini izindleko ezifakiwe uma ziqhathaniswa nenani elibuyiselwe phakathi nokuphila kwesitshalo?
Amagama abalulekile namazinga
Amagama ambalwa namazinga asemthethweni abeka yonke ingxoxo ye-TES. I-Thermocline iwumngcele ohlukanisayo phakathi kwamanzi afudumele nabandayo ethangini elinezigaba; ukugcwaliswa okuphelele kuyigcina icacile. Ukushisa okucashile kokuncibilika kungamandla agcinwa iqhwa noma into eshintsha isigaba ezingeni lokushisa elingaguquki lapho ibanda noma incibilika, okuhlukile ekushiseni okuzwakalayo okugcinwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Izincwadi zobunjiniyela eziyisisekelo yi-ASHRAE Handbook - HVAC Systems and Equipment yefiziksi yendawo kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola ezifanayo ze-IAPMO zamathangi okugcina ukushisa mayelana nendlela ukusebenza okulinganiswa ngayo. Ithangi licaciswa ngumthamo walo wamandla ngama-kWh okupholisa, i-delta-T yalo yokusebenza, amazinga alo okushaja nokukhipha, kanye nezinga lokushisa elamukelwa ukusabalalisa; gcina lezo zine kuyo yonke imidwebo futhi ukukhetha kwesakhiwo kuhlale kuthembekile.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezakhiwo ze-TES: Okulinganiselayo, Ukuminyana Kwamandla, Ukuphakama Kwe-Chiller
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