Ithangi Lokugcina Ukushisa Elinezingqimba: Imithetho Yokuklama Yomthamo Wokupholisa Osebenzisekayo
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lokugcina Ukushisa Okwehlukene: Imithetho Yokuklama Yomthamo Wokupholisa Osebenzisekayo
Amandla okupholisa asetshenziswayo yisona sibalo kuphela esifanele sibe sesisekelweni sokuklama isikhungo sedatha. Qala nge-Q = V x rho x cp x dT ukuthola amandla ethiyori, bese uyahlukanisa: i-thermocline idla ibhendi yevolumu, ukuxubana ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha kudla okwengeziwe, ukuzuza ukushisa okumile kususa umthwalo omncane njalo ngehora ithangi lapho ligcwele, futhi amabhendi okugcina aphansi naphezulu awakwazi ukulethwa. Hlela amandla ethiyori, umthwalo olethwayo ngemuva kokwehliswa, kanye namahora okukhipha lawo mthwalo ewuthengayo ngokugeleza kokuklama.
Uhlelo lokugcina olusho umthamo kuphela luhlelo olulindele ukungavumelani. Ithangi elifanayo lingachazwa njenge-8,000 m³, njenge-55,000 kWh yamakhaza etheorikhi noma njenge-41,000 kWh yamakhaza alethwayo, futhi isitshalo esihlelele isibalo esiphakathi nendawo kodwa sisebenza ngokumelene nesokugcina sizothola iwindi eliphakeme lifushane kunalokho ibhizinisi elicabangele.
Igebe aliyimfihlakalo. Yimiphumela emithathu yemvelo kanye nezinqolobane ezimbili zamabomu, konke lokhu okungalinganiswa ephepheni ngaphambi kokuba iplati i-odwe. Okushodayo umthetho wokuklama oshiwo wokunye ngakunye, ukuze umnikazi, i-EPC kanye nomhlinzeki wethangi banciphise ngokumelene nesibalo esifanayo. Lesi sihloko sichaza izibalo ngokulandelana okufanele zisetshenziswe ngakho.
Isibalo Sethiyori Nalokho Esikucabangelayo
Amanzi agcina amandla ngesisindo nokushisa, hhayi ngesimo.
· Iwindi elingu-6 K linikeza cishe u-7 kWh nge-m³ ngayinye. Kusuka ku-5 °C kuya ku-11 °C isibalo sisonke sicacile, futhi yileso sibalo umthengisi angase asicaphune.
· Isibalo sithatha ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele. Sithatha ukuthi yonke i-cubic metre phakathi kwephansi elibandayo nophahla olufudumele ingafinyelela umehluko ogcwele wokushisa, okuyinto engafinyelelwa yiliphi ithangi langempela.
· Futhi sithatha umngcele ovaliwe. Akukho kushisa okungena egobolondweni, akukho manzi afudumele abuyela ungqimba olubandayo futhi indawo yokuhlangana ihlala lapho isibalo siyibeke khona.
Zombili lezi zicabango ziyahluleka ekusebenzeni, futhi ukwehluleka ngakunye kunesilinganiso. Okulandelayo kubeka izinombolo kuzo.
Umthetho 1: I-Thermocline iVolumu Ongakwazi Ukuyithengisa
Esitsheni sokugcina ukushisa esihlukanisiwe, indawo ephakathi kwezingqimba ezibandayo nezifudumele inobukhulu, futhi lobo bukhulu ngamakhubikhi amitha afile.
· Yikhokhise njengevolumu, hhayi njengephesenti. Thatha ubukhulu ngamamitha, phindaphinda ngendawo yepulani, susa, bese uphinda ekupheleni kokukhishwa komklamo esimweni esibi kakhulu.
· Ibhendi liyahamba. Ekuqaleni kokukhipha umthamo, i-interface ihlezi phezulu futhi amanzi abandayo angasetshenziswa ngezansi komgudu wokuphuma mancane; ekupheleni kokukhipha umthamo, isifinyelele endaweni yomgudu wokuphuma futhi ukujula okusetshenziswayo kuyancipha.
· Ungayidayisi i-thermocline. Umsebenzi wayo ukuhlukanisa okuhlanzekile, ngakho-ke ukuyibala njengokubanda okulethwayo kwenza ukwehliswa komthamo kubonakale kukhulu futhi ukukhipha umthamo kuphele ngokushesha.
Indlela ehlanzekile yokukuveza lokhu ukujula okusetshenziswayo esikhundleni samaphesenti: linganisa ubude bongqimba olubandayo ekuqaleni kokukhipha umthamo nangesikhathi izinga lokushisa lokunikezela lishiya ibhendi yalo.
Umthetho 2: Ukuxubana Ezikhathini Ezimbili Zokushintsha
Ukulahlekelwa kokuxubana ethangini lokugcina ukushisa elihlukanisiwe kugxila ezikhathini lapho ukuqondiswa kokugeleza kushintsha khona, hhayi ngokulinganayo phakathi nomjikelezo.
1. Landelela ukushintshwa kwama-nozzle ngokugeleza okuphansi. Ukushintsha umgudu wokuphuma ovulekile ngenkathi ithangi lisagcwele ukugeleza kudlulisa iqoqo lokushisa okungalungile emjikelezweni.
2. Bala ukwehla kwesivinini sephampu. Iphampu eqhubeka isikhathi esingamasekhondi angamashumi amathathu ngemuva kokuvalwa kwevalvu yayo ihambisa amakhaza agciniwe emugqeni ongasawadingi.
3. Linganisa ukuxubana njengokulahlekelwa. I-bypass enezindlela ezintathu exuba ukunikezwa kwethangi namanzi e-bypass ibeka izinga lokushisa elitholwa yihholo, ngakho umsebenzi onikeziwe awuwona umsebenzi ogciniwe.
Into ngayinye iyingxenye encane uma izimele; uma zihlangene zenza ingxenye enkulu yegebe phakathi kwenani lethiyori nelinikeziwe.
Umthetho 3: Ukuthola Ukushisa Okumile kanye Nomngcele Wokuvikela
Ithangi elima ligcwele lingalahlekelwa ukubanda, futhi phakathi nokuphazamiseka kwezinsuku eziningi lokho kulahlekelwa kufanele kubalwe.
· Ukulahlekelwa kukhula ngesikhathi sokuma. Ngezimpelasonto ungqimba oluphezulu luyafudumala futhi umgqa uyajiya; umsebenzi onikezwayo wehla ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani avule ivalvu.
· Sebenzisa isibalo sokuphela kwesikhathi sokuphazamiseka. Uma isitoreji kufanele sithwale ukuphazamiseka, amandla okupholisa asebenzisekayo ngehora lesithupha mancane kunangehora lokuqala, futhi umklamo kufanele wamukele isibalo sakamuva.
· Thatha igobolondo njengengxenye yohlelo lwamanzi. I-loop evulekile enombhoshongo wokupholisa idinga isibulala-magciwane, isivimbeli kanye nokulawula ukungcola; igobolondo elingelashiwe ligcina endaweni umgqa oncike kuyo.
Lokhu kulahlekelwa kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuxuba, kodwa ukuphela kokulahlekelwa okukhula ngesikhathi hhayi ngokugeleza.
I-Ledger Yesikhwama Esigciniwe: Umthamo Ophelele Uba Umsebenzi Odilivereka
Izikhwama ezigciniwe ziyahlosiwe, futhi zifanele zibe yizinto zohlu kunokuba zibe yisici esisodwa sokulinganisa
Into yohlu | Lokho emelelwa yikho | Indlela elinganiswa ngayo |
Amanzi abandayo okufaka okokushaja | Amanzi abandayo angezwe ngesikhathi sokushaja | Ukugeleza kokushaja kuphindwe ngesikhathi sokushaja |
Ukubuya okufudumele ngesikhathi sokukhipha | Amanzi afudumele abuyiselwa kusuka kulophu | Ukugeleza kokubuya kulophu kuphindwe isikhathi sokukhipha |
Amandla etheorikhi | V × 1.163 × ΔT esebenzisekayo | Isikhathi sokushisa esigcwele kulo lonke umthamo |
Umthamo we-thermocline | Ibhendi yokuhlangana ngokwayo | Ubukhulu bokuhlangana kuphindwe indawo yesakhiwo, esimweni esibi kakhulu |
Isikhwama esingezansi | Umthamo obandayo ongaphansi kokuphuma | Kwanele ukuthi inzika ingafinyeleli empompini |
Ukulahlekelwa kokuxubana ngesikhathi sokushintsha | Ukubanda okulahlekile emafini nasemkhakheni wokudlulisa | Kulinganiswa esivivinyweni sokushaja nokukhipha |
Ukuzuza kokushisa okumile ngesikhathi sokugcina | Ukushisa okungena ngomngcele | I-U-value yokuvikela izikhathi indawo izikhathi amahora |
Umsebenzi odingekayo | Lokho isitshalo esingakukhipha | Ithiyori kususa wonke umugqa ongenhla |
Leli fomu lisusa ukuphikisana okuningi, ngoba umugqa ngamunye ulandela umdwebo noma ukuhlolwa. Iphesenti elilodwa lokwehlisa alinakuphikiswa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani elijwayelekile noma ukukhetha | Umthelela kumthamo wokupholisa osebenzisekayo |
Ingxenye esebenzisekayo yethiyori | 70-90% kugobolondo elihlelwe kahle | Umthamo ophelele odingekayo emsebenzini othile |
Ukujiya kwe-thermocline | Kulawulwa isivinini sokungena ku-0.5-1 m/s | Kususa ibhendi yomthamo endaweni esebenzisekayo |
Ukugcinwa kwangaphansi | Amaphesenti ambalwa omthamo | Akungezi msebenzi odingekayo, kuvikela indawo yokuphuma |
Imvume yokulahlekelwa okumile | Phezulu ezikhathini ezinde zokubamba | Kwehlisa umsebenzi ekupheleni kwewindi lokuvalwa |
Icala Lomklamo
Umsebenzi wethu oyireferensi osebenzayo emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile uhlanganisa amagobolondo e-carbon-steel e-welded anikezwa emazingeni afanayo ne-data-center TES scope eklanyelwe wona, kuhlanganise nephrojekthi engezansi.
Isifinyezo Sedokhumenti Yephrojekthi
Iphrojekthi | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa |
China (Henan) - amanzi angcolile emfuyo (P-H) | 05 ithangi lensimbi yekhabhoni ehlanganisiwe | 4,691 m³ isiyonke | Amathangi amathathu anosayizi oxubile | Ephreli 2022 |
Amagobolondo amathathu e-welded anomthamo oxubile esizeni esisodwa yilapho ileja yokwehlisa amandla ethangi lokugcina ukushisa elihlukaniswe izingqimba ithola indawo yayo. Ithangi le-welded lakhiwa nge-rolled plate esikhundleni samaphaneli e-factory-coated, ngakho indawo yalo yangaphakathi kanye nokubekezelela kobukhulu kuncike emkhubeni wokugingqa nokushisela. Ukugcina indawo yepulani iqinile kugcina ibhendi lokuxhumana lifana nalokho okwakubikezelwe yi-geometry, yingakho isisekelo somklamo ngama-kilowatt-hours kufanele sihlolwe ngokumelene negobolondo elakhiwe ngempela.
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isisekelo samatanki okugcina okuboshiwe kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Umthamo osebenzisekayo kanye nokuqina kwegobolondo
· Umthamo osebenzisekayo iyinombolo etholakalayo, hhayi umthamo wethangi: isusa indawo engasebenzi engaphansi kwesingeniso esibandayo, indawo exubile kanye nokulahleka okumile esikhathini sokukhipha, yingakho izinga lokwehlukaniswa lishintsha ngqo ukubuyiselwa kwemali.
· Ukufakwa kwe-insulation ejulile kanye nepayipi elide lokuma kunciphisa ukungena kokushisa, kanti i-diffuser enkulu kakhulu igcina ibhendi exubile incane, ngakho lezi zinqumo ezimbili zokuklama ndawonye zinquma inombolo esingayiqinisekisa.
· Amagobolondo ensimbi ye-carbon ewelded emarekhodini ethu, njenge-Henan aquaculture trio ye-4,691 m³ (2022-04), ayimonolithic futhi amelana nokuhlanekezela kwegobolondo okungalimaza ungqimba lwe-thermocline kububanzi obukhulu kakhulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kungani sicaphuna kokubili umthamo wokubandisa wethiyori kanye nosebenzisekayo?
A1: Baphendula imibuzo ehlukene. Umthamo wethiyori ulinganisa isitsha kanye nesisekelo, umthamo osebenzisekayo ulinganisa iwindi lomthwalo osusiwe. Ukubika okukodwa kumema ingxabano yokuqalisa okulula ukuyixazulula ephepheni.
Q2: Ingabe isici esisebenzisekayo esingu-70-90% sanele ukwenzela umklamo?
A2: Yibhendi evamile yegobolondo elihlukaniswe kahle, kodwa ibhendi ifihla lokho okuqondene nephrojekthi. Ukwehlisa i-thermocline, ukuxubana kanye nokulahlekelwa okumile ngokwehlukana kunikeza isibalo esingaqinisekiswa ngokumelene nephrofayili yokuqalisa.
Q3: Iyiphi ilahleko elawulayo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa isikhathi eside?
A3: Ukuzuza ukushisa okumile kukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyilapho ukulahlekelwa ukuxuba kungakhuli, ngakho-ke ekubambeni kwezinsuku eziningi umngcele wokuvikela ukushisa uyabusa futhi idizayini kufanele isebenzise isibalo esisebenzisekayo sokuphela kwesikhathi.
Q4: Ingabe ingxenye esebenzisekayo ingathuthuka ngemuva kokugunyazwa?
A4: Ngokwengxenye, ngokusebenzisa ijubane lokungena, ukulandelana kokushaja nokukhubaza ukushintsha kwama-nozzle ekuhambeni okuphezulu. Igobolondo eline-diffuser elalinganiswe ukuhamba okujwayelekile hhayi ukushaja ngeke lilungiswe ngokusebenza.
Q5: Ingabe amagobolondo e-welded kanye ne-panel-built aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ekuhlukaniseni?
A5: I-physics iyafana. Umehluko ukunemba kobukhulu: igobolondo elakhiwe ngamaphaneli lilinganiswa kusukela kumashidi asikwe efektri, elishiselwe lilinganiswa ngokulawulwa kokugingqika nokushisela, kanye nokuqedwa kwangaphakathi okunikezwa ulwelwesi.
Q6: Yini okufanele ibe kuhlelo lokuhlela eceleni komthamo?
A6: Umsebenzi okhishwayo ngamakhilowathi-hora ekuhambeni kokuklanywa, amahora okukhipha okuwatholayo, kanye nokujula okusetshenzisekayo ngamamitha ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokukhipha. Lezi zinto ezintathu zibonisa umsebenzisi ukuthi ithangi liphelelwa amandla okubanda ngaphambi kwesexwayiso.
Ithangi lokugcina ukushisa elihlukaniswe ngezingqimba kufanele liboniswe ngezinombolo ezimbili: lokho elikugcina ngokwethiyori nokho elizokuletha lapho isitshalo sicela. Ibanga phakathi kwazo i-thermocline, ukuxubana ngezikhathi zokushintsha, ukuzuza ukushisa okumile phakathi nesikhathi sokugcina kanye nezinqolobane ezimbili zamabomu. Bhala lezo njengezinto zomugqa, linganisa ngakunye, futhi iphesenti lokunciphisa liyeka ukuba yingxoxo futhi liba yisibalo esiqinisekiswa noma silungiswe ukuqaliswa.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele umthwalo wokupholisa ophezulu, amazinga okushisa okuhlinzeka nokubuyisela aklanyelwe, amahora ashintshiwe adingekayo kanye newindi lokunqamuka okufanele kuhlanganiswe. Sizobuyisela ucwaningo lwamandla okupholisa asebenzisekayo emumo ohlongozwayo: amandla ethiyori, umthamo we-thermocline ngesivinini sokungena esihlosiwe, izinqolobane kanye nokulahleka kokuxubana njengezinto ezihlukene, umsebenzi okhishwayo, amahora okukhipha ngesivinini esiklanyelwe kanye nobubanzi nokuphakama okuqondile okuhlangabezana nakho.
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