Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Abandayo Elahlukanisiwe: Ukwehlukaniswa Kwengqondo Yokushisa Nokuma Kwezindawo Zokungena/Nokuphuma
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Abandayo Ahlukanisiwe: Ukuhlukaniswa Kwe-Thermal NeJiyometri Yendawo Yokungena/Yokuphuma
Ethangini lokugcina lamanzi abandayo elihlukaniswe ngezingqimba, umthamo osebenzisekayo uwukubanda ongakuletha kulo lonke izinga lokushisa, futhi lokho kwanda kuhlala kuphela uma umsinga ozinzile wokuminyana uvikelekile. Beka isingeniso sokubanda nokuphuma phansi kanye nokubuya okufudumele phezulu, sebenzisa ama-diffuser nama-baffle ukuze ugcine umfutho wokungena ungeqi i-thermocline, futhi kala inhlawulo yokuxubana ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ngokusebenzisa amandla alethwe ngempela uma kuqhathaniswa nokufanele.
Isingeniso
Ithangi lokugcina lamanzi abandayo elihlukaniswe ngezingqimba iyisitsha sokugcina amandla okushisa, ingxenye yamanzi abandayo yomsebenzi we-HVAC hhayi ithangi lokugcina amanzi omlilo, ngakho imephu yesahluko sokuvikela umlilo ye-NFPA 22 elawula umsebenzi wamanzi omlilo ayisebenzi kulo. Umkhiqizo walo akuwona umthamo wamanzi kodwa umthamo wokubanda olethwa kulo lonke izinga lokushisa, futhi lokho kwanda kutholakala kuphela uma ithangi lihlala lihlukaniswe ngezingqimba. Ukuma kwesingeniso nokuphuma yikho okunquma ukuthi lokho kwanda kuyaphila yini.
Le ndatshana ikhuluma ngejometri egcina ukwehlukaniswa kwezigaba: ukuthi kungani umsinga wokuminyana phakathi kwengqimba ephansi ebandayo nengqimba ephezulu efudumele kuyinto oyivikelayo, ukuthi indawo yokungena nokuphuma kufanele ibe kuphi, ukuthi ama-diffuser nama-baffle agcina kanjani ukugeleza okungena kungahlukanisi i-thermocline, nokuthi inhlawulo yokuxubana ikalwa kanjani lapho ijometri yehluleka. Izithenjwa ezihlela ukuhlolwa yi-ASHRAE guidance kanye ne-IAPMO uniform testing procedures yamathangi okugcina ukushisa.
Izinombolo ezimbili ziqhuba konke okulandelayo. Amandla agciniwe yi-rho V cp (T_warm - T_cold), futhi umthamo osebenzisekayo iyingxenye yalawo mandla ithangi elingawaletha ngempela. Ukwehlukaniswa kwezigaba yikho okwenza ukusabalala okugcwele kusebenziseke; ukuxubana yikho okukususa. Ijometri iyimehluko phakathi kwalokhu kokubili, futhi kufanele iklanywe esikhundleni sokuyishiya emhlolweni.
Kungani ukwehlukaniswa kwezigaba kubalulekile kumthamo osebenzisekayo
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezendlalelo kubalulekile ngoba umkhiqizo wethangi amandla agcinwe ngokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa, hhayi umthamo wamanzi kuphela. Amandla agcinwe afanele yi-rho V cp (T_warm - T_cold): ethangini elinikeziwe, ukusabalala okubanzi nokusetshenziswa ngokugcwele kugcina ukubanda okwengeziwe. Uma ithangi lihlala lihlukaniswe ngezendlalelo, isiqandisi singashaja ungqimba olubandayo olungaphansi futhi umthwalo ungadonsa kulo ngenkathi ukubuya okufudumele kuhlezi phezulu, futhi ukusabalala okugcwele kuyatholakala kukho kokubili.
Uma ithangi lixubana, wonke umthamo uya ezingeni lokushisa elilodwa elilinganiselwe futhi ukubanda okusetshenzisekayo kwehla kuze kube uziro, ngoba akusekho ungqimba olubandayo lokudonsa kulo. Ithangi lingagcwala amanzi kodwa linganikeze cishe lutho olusizayo. Ngakho-ke i-geometry egcina ukuhlukaniswa kwezendlalelo, ngokuqondile, i-geometry egcina umthamo osebenzisekayo, futhi yingakho ithathwa njengenkinga yokuklama hhayi imininingwane nje.
Umfudlana wokuminyana nokuthile okukusekelayo
Umfudlana wesisindo ukujikeleza okunensayo okubangelwa iqiniso lokuthi amanzi abandayo anesisindo esikhulu kunamanzi afudumele emazingeni okushisa okukhulunywa ngawo. Ethangini eligcwalisiwe ungqimba olubandayo luhlala ngaphansi kongqimba olufudumele, luhlukaniswe yi-thermocline, futhi amandla okukhukhula phakathi kwawo yiwo agcina izingqimba zihlukene. Umfudlana uqhubeka njengoba umehluko wesisindo ugcinwa futhi akukho okufaka umfutho owanele wokuxuba indawo yokuhlangana.
Okukusekelayo ekusebenzeni ngokoqobo ukuziphatha ngendlela efanele ezixhumanisweni. Imifudlana engenayo kufanele ingene endaweni efanele futhi ngesivinini esiphansi ngokwanele ukuze isakazeke kuleyo ndawo kunokuba igxume iyidlule. Lapho umfutho wokungena mncane uma uqhathaniswa namandla okubuyisela okhulayo, okuchazwa ngenombolo ephezulu ye-Richardson noma inombolo ephansi ye-internal Froude, i-thermocline iyabamba; lapho umfutho ubonakala kakhulu, iyaphuka futhi ithangi liyaxubana.
Ukuphakama kokungena nokuphuma
Umthetho wokuphakama ulandela ukuminyana: amanzi abandayo kufanele abe phansi kanti amanzi afudumele abe phezulu. Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi abandayo, umfudlana obandayo, ungena futhi udonswa kusuka phansi kwethangi, kanti ukubuya okufudumele kungena phezulu. Lokhu kugcina umfudlana ngamunye esigabeni sawo sokuminyana futhi kuvumela i-thermocline ukuba ihlale phakathi kwawo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Ukwenza ukuphakama kube ngokufanele akukhona nje mayelana nokuthi yiluphi uhlangothi; kumayelana nokubeka izixhumanisi ukuze ukugeleza okungenayo kufinyelele isigaba sako ngaphandle kokuwela i-thermocline endleleni. Isingeniso esibandayo esibekwe phezulu kakhulu, noma ukubuya okufudumele okubekwe phansi kakhulu, kujova amanzi okuminyana okungalungile esigabeni esingalungile futhi kuqala ukuxuba kusukela ekushajeni kokuqala. Ngakho-ke ukuphakama kubekwa kusukela endaweni eqondiwe ye-thermocline kanye nesigaba okufanele umlomo ngamunye wokukhipha amanzi usondle.
Amalungiselelo e-diffuser ne-baffle
Ama-diffuser nama-baffle akhona ukuze abulale umfutho wokungena. I-diffuser isabalalisa ukugeleza okungena endaweni enkulu ngesivinini esiphansi ngokusebenzisa izimbobo eziningi ezincane, ukuze umfudlana ufike kancane ungene kusendlalelo sawo esikhundleni sokuba ube umfudlana oqinile ongangena unqamule i-thermocline. Ama-baffle aphambukisa futhi asabalalisa ukugeleza ngenjongo efanayo lapho i-manifold ingenzeki khona.
· Sebenzisa i-diffuser enendawo evulekile eyanele ukuze isivinini sokuseduze sibe siphansi, ngokuvamile isibalo esincane esifana nengxenye yemitha ngomzuzwana, esihambisana nosendlalelo esilondolozayo.
· Sabalalisa izimbobo kulo lonke ucezu lwethangi ukuze ukugeleza kungene njengephepha, hhayi njengephuzu.
· Beka i-diffuser ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo sokuminyana esifanele, ngaphezu kwendawo ebandayo yokuhlangana kokubuyisela okufudumele nangaphansi kwayo kokuhlinzeka okubandayo.
· Linganisa i-baffle ukuze iphendule ukugeleza ngaphandle kokudala i-jet enesivinini esiphezulu ephinde ihambise i-thermocline.
Indlela inhlawulo yokuxuba elinganiswa ngayo
Inhlawulo yokuxuba ilinganiswa njengegebe phakathi kwamandla ithangi eliwahambisayo ngempela kanye ne-rho V cp ekahle (T_warm - T_cold). Indlela evamile yasensimini ilinganisa iphrofayili yezinga lokushisa phansi kobude bethangi ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha futhi ihlanganisa ukubanda okuhambisayo ngokuqhathanisa nokukahle; isilinganiso yikho ukusebenza kahle kokugcina, futhi okukodwa kususwe kukho yinhlawulo.
Isilinganiso sesibili, esisebenzayo ubukhulu be-thermocline: ukuhlangana okubukhali kusho ukuxuba okuncane, ukuhlangana okugcwele okusabalele kusho ukuthi izendlalelo ziyahlangana futhi inhlawulo iyakhula. Izinqubo zokuhlola ezifanayo ze-IAPMO zinikeza indlela ehlelekile yokwenza lokhu, futhi umphumela uyinombolo umhloli angayiqhathanisa nokusebenza kahle komklamo esikhundleni sombono wokuthi ithangi libonakala lihlukaniswe.
Ukudlula kafushane nendlela yokukubona
I-short-circuiting ukwehluleka lapho ukugeleza kungena futhi kuphuma ethangini ngaphandle kokudlula kumthamo walo ogciniwe, ngakho ukubanda okushajile akukaze kulethwe futhi ukubuya okufudumele akukaze kuhlangane nongqimba olufudumele. Kubangelwa i-geometry evumela i-inlet ne-outlet ukuthi zikhulume zodwa ngqo: ama-nozzle abekwe eduze, ukuxhumana okukodwa okuhlanganisiwe, noma i-inlet eqondiswe ngaphesheya kobukhulu obufushane bethangi.
Kubonwa ngephrofayela yezinga lokushisa nange-mass balance. Uma izinga lokushisa elidonswayo lilandela izinga lokushisa lokubuya eduze kakhulu, noma uma izinzwa ezisemthonjeni wobude obuphakathi zingakaze zibone i-thermocline yakheka, ukugeleza kudlula isitolo. Ucwaningo lwe-computational flow ngesikhathi sokuklama kanye nelogi yephrofayela ngesikhathi sokuthunywa kwezinto yizindlela ezimbili zokukubamba ngaphambi kokuba ithangi lamukelwe, ngoba ithangi eline-short-circuit libukeka ligcwele kodwa lisebenza lingenalutho.
Ukuhlolwa kokuthunywa kwezinto
Ukuhlolwa kokugunyazwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-thermocline iyakheka, ihlale ikhona futhi iyasebenza. Izinzwa zokushisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu eziningana zirekhoda iphrofayili phakathi nokugcwalisa nokukhipha okuphelele, futhi umhloli uhlola ukuthi ungqimba olubandayo oluhlukile, ungqimba olufudumele kanye ne-thermocline ziyavela nokuthi amandla akhishiwe ahambisana nokusebenza kahle kokuklanywa.
· Faka izinzwa zokushisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu eziningana, kuhlanganise nebhendi ye-thermocline okubikezelwa ukuklanywa.
· Rekhoda ukugcwalisa nokukhipha okuphelele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izingqimba ne-interface ziyakheka njengoba kuklanywe.
· Bala ukusebenza kahle kokugcina ngokusebenzisa ukubanda okukhishiwe uma kuqhathaniswa namandla afanelekile.
· Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho sifunda-mfushane ngokuhlola iphrofayili yezinga eliphakathi nokulingana kwesisindo.
· Rekhoda imiphumela ngokuhambisana nesisekelo sokuhlola esifana ne-IAPMO ukuze ithangi likwazi ukuqinisekiswa kabusha kamuva.
Imikhawulo yendlela ye-geometry
Ijiyometri inemikhawulo, futhi ukuyisho kugcina umklamo uthembekile. Ijiyometri enhle yokungena nokuphuma ayikwazi ukubuyisela ithangi elinosayizi ongafanele, ukusabalala okuncane kakhulu ukuthi kungafanele ukugcinwa, noma amanzi afika esexutshiwe kusukela ohlelweni lokusabalalisa oluklanywe kabi. Ukwenyuka kokushisa kwangaphandle ngezindonga nakho kunciphisa ukusabalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kubhekwa ngokufaka izinto zokuvikela ukushisa, hhayi ngomklamo we-diffuser.
Kukhona futhi umphumela wokuma: ithangi elibanzi kakhulu futhi elingajulile, noma elimincane kakhulu futhi elide, lishintsha ibanga okufanele i-diffuser isabalalise ngalo ukugeleza kanye nokuzinza kwezingqimba, ngakho-ke ijiyometri ilungiswa ngokulingana nobukhulu kunokuba ikopishwe kwelinye ithangi. Iphuzu liwukuthi ijiyometri iyisimo esidingekayo somthamo osebenzisekayo, hhayi esanele, futhi umklamo usho kokubili lokho ijiyometri ekufeza nalokho engakwazi ukukufeza.
Imibandela Yejiyometri Egcina Ukwehlukaniswa Kwezingqimba
Isici | Umthetho | Isizathu | Ukwehluleka Uma Kungafanele |
Indawo yokungena/yokuphuma ebandayo | Ezansi kwethangi | Amanzi abandayo anesisindo esikhulu, ahlala phansi | Isendlalelo esingalungile sidonsa ukuxubana |
Ukubuya okufudumele | Phezulu kwethangi | Amanzi afudumele ayantanta | I-thermocline yephulwa ekushajeni kokuqala |
Isivinini se-diffuser | Siphansi, sisakazwa endaweni | Umfutho ophansi uvikela inhlangano | I-jet igxumela ku-thermocline |
Indawo ye-diffuser | Ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo esifanele | Iphakela ukuminyana okulungile | Ukudonswa kwesendlalelo esiphambene |
I-baffle | Iphendula ukugeleza ngaphandle kwe-jet | Isabalalisa ngobumnene | Idonsa kabusha inhlangano |
Ama-nozzle | Ahlukanisiwe, awahlanganisiwe | Ivimbela ukujikeleza okufushane | Ukugeleza kudlula isitolo |
Inhlawulo Yokuxubana Nokusebenza Kahle
Inani | Incazelo | Okufanele | Kulinganiswa Ku |
Amandla agciniwe | rho V cp (T_warm - T_cold) | Ukusakazwa okugcwele kusetshenzisiwe | Isisekelo somklamo |
Amandla alethiwe | Ukudonswa okubandayo okuhlanganisiwe | Kulingana nokugciniwe | Ilogi yokushaja/ukukhipha |
Ukusebenza kahle kokugcina | Kulethiwe / okufanele | 1.0 | Ukuthunyelwa |
Isijeziso sokuxuba | 1 - ukusebenza kahle | 0 | Ukwethulwa |
Ubukhulu be-thermocline | Ukubukhali kwesixhumi | Mncane | Izinzwa zephrofayili |
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd.) iklama futhi yakha amathangi okugcina insimbi ebolted, amathangi ensimbi ewelidiwe, amathangi e-epoxy ahlanganiswe nge-fusion, amathangi e-galvanized, izitsha zensimbi engagqwali, izitsha zengcindezi, uphahla lwedome le-aluminium le-geodesic kanye nophahla oluntantayo. Inkampani inolwazi lokukhiqiza olungaphezu kweminyaka engu-30 futhi isihlinzeke ngemishini kumaphrojekthi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Uphahla lwedome le-aluminium le-geodesic luklanywa futhi lwakhiwe ngokwe-API 650 Appendix G, AWWA D108, i-Aluminum Design Manual, i-ASCE 7 ne-IBC, futhi inkampani yathuthukisa yathumela kwamanye amazwe uphahla lwedome le-aluminium olungububanzi obungu-72 m ngo-2023. Ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa, ukugcotshwa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nesevisi yasendaweni kusingathwa njengomsebenzi owodwa, yingakho imidwebo, isisekelo sezibalo kanye nezingxenyekazi ezilethiwe kungabuyiswa zihambisane.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yini ukuhlukaniswa kwashisa emthanjeni wamanzi abandayo?
Ukwehlukaniswa kwamaqondo okushisa ngokwemigqomo emanzini abandayo ethangini lamanzi apholile ukwehlukaniswa okuzinzile kwengqimba ephansi ebandayo nengqimba ephezulu efudumele ngokukhuluphala, kube ne-thermocline phakathi kwazo. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi abandayo anokukhuluphala okukhulu, ahlala phansi kanti okubuyayo okufudumele kuntanta phezulu, ngakho ukusabalala okuphelele kwezinga lokushisa kuyagcinwa futhi kuyatholakala ku-chiller nomthwalo. Amandla agciniwe yi-rho V cp (T_warm - T_cold); ukwehlukaniswa kwamaqondo okushisa yikho okwenza ukusabalala okuphelele kusetshenziswe esikhundleni sokulinganiswa ndawonye kube izinga lokushisa elilodwa elixubile.
Ingabe indawo yokungena nendawo yokuphuma kufanele zibekwe kuphi?
Amanzi abandayo awengaphansi kanti amanzi afudumele awaphezulu, ngoba amanzi abandayo anesisindo esikhulu. Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi abandayo kanye nokudonswa kwamanzi abandayo kusemazansi ethangi kanti ukubuya okufudumele kungena phezulu, ngakho umfudlana ngamunye uhlala ongqimbeni wawo wesisindo kanti i-thermocline ihlala phakathi kwawo. Ukuphakama okuqondile kusethwa kusukela endaweni eqondiwe ye-thermocline kanye nongqimba okufanele umlomo wokufaka ngamunye uwondle, ngakho indawo yokungena noma yokuphuma ebekwe ongqimbeni ongafanele iqala ukuxuba kusukela ekugcwaliseni kokuqala.
Ukuxuba kunciphisa kanjani umthamo osebenzisekayo?
Ukuxubana kudiliza ukusabalala kwezinga lokushisa kuya ezingeni lokushisa elilodwa elijwayelekile, ngakho akusekho ungqimba olubandayo oluhlukile olusele ukuze ludonswe futhi ukubanda okusetshenziswayo kwehla kuya kuqanda ngisho nangaphakathi kwethangi eligcwele. Ifomula yamandla agciniwe icabanga ukuthi i-T_warm ephelele kususa i-T_cold iyatholakala; ukuxubana kushintsha lokho ngokusabalala okusebenzayo okuncane kakhulu. Inhlawulo yokuxubana ingamandla alahlekile alethiwe, alinganiswa njengokukodwa kususa ukusebenza kahle kokugcina ngesikhathi sokuqalisa.
Yini edala ukujikeleza okufushane esitsheni sokugcina?
Ukujikeleza okufushane kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kungena futhi kuphuma ngaphandle kokudlula kumthamo ogciniwe, ngakho ukubanda okushajwe akukaze kulethwe futhi ukubuya okufudumele akukaze kuhlangane nongqimba wakho. Kubangelwa ukuma kwezinto okuvumela indawo yokungena nendawo yokuphuma ukuxhumana ngqo: ama-nozzle abekwe eduze, ukuxhumana okukodwa okuhlanganisiwe, noma indawo yokungena eqondiswe ngaphesheya kobukhulu obufushane. Kubonakala ngephrofayela yezinga lokushisa engakaze ibonise i-thermocline nangokulinganisela kwesisindo okungavaleki.
Kuqinisekiswa kanjani ukuhlukaniswa kwezingqimba ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ukusebenza?
Qinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ngokufaka iphrofayili yezinga lokushisa phansi kobude bethangi ngokugcwalisa nokukhipha okuphelele, nezinto zokuzwa ezibekwe kuhlanganise nebhendi ye-thermocline ebikezelwe. Qinisekisa ukuthi kunengqimba ebandayo ehlukile, ingqimba efudumele kanye nokuxhumana okwakheka, bala ukusebenza kahle kwesitoreji kusukela emakhazeni anikeziwe ngokuqhathanisa ne-ideal rho V cp delta-T, futhi uhlole ukujikeleza okufushane kusukela kuphrofayili yobude obuphakathi nokulingana kwesisindo, ngokuhambisana nesisekelo sokuhlola esifanayo se-IAPMO.
Ingabe ukuma kwethangi kuthinta ukuhlukaniswa?
Yebo, ngokungaqondile. Isilinganiso sobukhulu bethangi sishintsha ukuthi i-diffuser kufanele isabalalise ukuhamba okungena kude kangakanani nokuthi izingqimba zihlala zizinzile kangakanani, ngakho ithangi elincane kakhulu noma elide kakhulu lidinga ijiyometri ye-diffuser ehlukile kuneyethangi eliphansi. Ukuma akukudali ukuhlukaniswa ngokwako, kodwa kubeka ubunzima bokukugcina, futhi ijiyometri yokungena nokuphuma ilungiswa ngokokuma kwangempela kwethangi kunokuba ikopishwe kwelinye ithangi.
Yingakanani umthamo olahlekayo ethangini elixubene kahle?
Ethangini elixubene ngokuphelele umthamo osebenzisekayo usondela kuziro, ngoba wonke umthamo uhlala ezingeni lokushisa elilodwa elijwayelekile futhi akukho ungqimba olubandayo olunganikezwa; ukusabalala kwefomula yamandla agciniwe kuyawa. Ngakho-ke ithangi elixubene kahle lingachitha cishe wonke umthamo walo ongasebenziseka, yingakho ukugcina i-thermocline ngokusebenzisa ijiyometri yokungena nokuphuma kuthathwa njengengxenye eyinhloko yokuklama hhayi ukuthuthukiswa nje.
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo ahlukaniswe ngungqimba linikeza umthamo osebenzisekayo kuphela uma ukusabalala kokushisa kusekhona, futhi lokho kusabalala kusekhona kuphela uma ijiyometri yokungena nokuphuma ivikela umsinga wokuminyana phakathi kongqimba olubandayo olungezansi nolufudumele olungaphezulu. Kubandayo kube phansi, kufudumele kube phezulu, ama-diffuser nama-baffle okubulala umfutho wokungena, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuthunyelwa kwamandla ngokuqhathanisa namandla afanele.
Ijiyometri iyadingeka kodwa ayanele: ayikwazi ukulungisa ivolumu engalungile, ukusabalala okuncane kakhulu noma amanzi afika esexutshiwe, futhi i-insulation kusamele ilawule ukwanda kokushisa. Sithumelele ukusabalala okuhlosiwe, amazinga okushaja nokukhipha kanye nokuma kwethangi, futhi sizokubuyisela ijiyometri yokungena nokuphuma enesisekelo se-diffuser kanye nokuhlolwa kwesijeziso sokuxuba okubhaliwe ukuze umhloli akubone.
Khuluma Nethimba Lethu Lobunjiniyela
Thumela umsebenzi, isisekelo somthamo, ikhodi elawulayo kanye nemikhawulo yesiza, futhi ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lizobuya nencazelo yokucaciswa umhlinzeki angayenza intengo futhi umhloli angayivumela. Sizokutshela futhi ngokucacile lapho uhlobo oluhlukile lwethangi noma umkhakha ohlukile kuyimpendulo engcono.
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