Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Ezikhukhula Ezikhungweni Zedatha: Ukubamba, Ukuvuna Nokuxhumanisa Nokusetshenziswa Kabusha
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Ezikhukhula Ezingeni Lezikhungo Zedatha: Ukubamba, Ukubutha Nokuxhumana Kokusetshenziswa Kabusha
Phatha amanzi ezikhukhula njengomsebenzi wokukhipha kanye nomthombo wokuhlinzeka: linganisa indawo yokubamba amanzi ngokulingana nokukhishwa okuvunyelwe kusuka ekugobhozeni kwendawo, bese uhlanza amanzi abanjiwe futhi uwahambise ekugcwaliseni kwesipholisi njengomthombo wokusetshenziswa kabusha. Butha amanzi ophahleni nasezindaweni eziqinile ngokwehlukana, setha ukuhlanza ezingeni lomsebenzi, futhi linganisa ndawonye umthamo wokubamba nokubutha ukuze kokubili ukulingana kwamanzi nomkhawulo wokukhipha kuhlangatshezwane nakho.
Isingeniso
Indawo yesikhungo sedatha ikakhulukazi iyindawo eqinile: izakhiwo, izindawo eziqinile, imigwaqo yokungena futhi kaningi uphahla olukhulu, futhi zonke izehlakalo zemvula ziguqula leyo ndawo ibe ukugeleza kwamanzi okufanele kuyiswe ndawana thize. Impendulo evamile iwukubamba amanzi, umcengezi noma ithangi eligcina umthamo ophezulu bese likhipha kancane ukuze uhlelo olungaphansi lungakhungatheki. Kumqhubi onaka amanzi lokho kuyingxenye yendaba kuphela, ngoba ukugeleza kwamanzi okufanayo nakho kungumthombo wamanzi.
Le ndatshana ibheka amanzi emvula njengenkinga yokukhipha kanye nomthombo wamanzi. Ihlanganisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okukhiqizwa yindawo, indlela ukubamba amanzi okulinganiswa ngayo ngokwezinga lokukhipha, isixhumanisi sokusebenzisa kabusha esihambisa amanzi abanjiwe ayiswe ekugcwaliseni amanzi okupholisa, umgoqo wekhwalithi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kabusha, ukutholwa kwamanzi ophahleni nasezindaweni eziqinile, ukwelashwa okudingwa yilawa manzi atholakele, indlela amanzi emvula ahamba ngayo ekulinganisweni kwamanzi endawo, kanye nendlela yokulinganisa ndawonye imithamo yokubamba nokuthola amanzi esikhundleni sokuyenza njengemisebenzi ehlukene.
Ukugeleza kwamanzi endaweni yesikhungo sedatha
Ukugijima kwamanzi kubangelwa indawo yokuthola amanzi, amandla emvula kanye ne-coefficient yokugijima kwamanzi yendawo ngayinye, futhi indawo yesikhungo sedatha ibuswa izindawo ezingamunthi amanzi kancane. Indlela enengqondo inikeza izinga eliphakeme njengomkhiqizo wendawo yokuthola amanzi, i-coefficient yokugijima kwamanzi kanye namandla emvula aklanyelwe, ihlukaniswe ngokuhlala kweyunithi, futhi umthamo yilelo zinga elihlanganiswe phezu kwesikhathi sesiphepho. Uphahla, indawo eqinile kanye nendawo yokuhlotshiswa komhlaba ngayinye inomsindo ohlukile, ngakho-ke indawo ihlanganiswa indawo ngayinye.
Inombolo yokuqala edingwa umklamo iyindawo ephelele engangenisi amanzi, ngoba lokho kubeka kokubili isiqongo okufanele samukelwe uhlelo olungaphansi kanye nevolumu etholakalayo yokubamba. Uphahla olukhulu luyindawo yokubamba ehlanzekile ene-coefficient ephezulu futhi, ngokuwusizo, ukungcola okuphansi kokuxhumana nomhlabathi, kuyilapho imigwaqo yokungena nezindawo eziqinile zithwala umthwalo omningi odiphozithiwe. Ukwenza imephu yama-coefficient kuyisisekelo sazo zonke izinqumo zokulinganisa ezilandelayo, futhi futhi kuyisisekelo sohlelo lokuvuna, ngoba akukhona konke ukugeleza kwamanzi okufanele kubanjwe ngokulinganayo.
Ukulinganisa kwendawo yokubamba amanzi nokukhishwa kwawo
Indawo yokubamba amanzi ikhona ukuze kuncishiswe izinga eliphezulu. Isilawuli noma uhlelo olungaphansi luvumela izinga lokukhishwa, ngokuvamile elivezwa njengengxenye yezinga eliphezulu ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa, futhi umthamo wendawo yokubamba amanzi uyisitoreji esidingekayo ukubamba amanzi engeziwe phakathi kwe-hydrograph yesiphepho esingenayo kanye nezinga elivunyelwe lokuphuma. Uma indawo inkulu futhi izinga lokukhishwa lincane, isidingo sendawo yokubamba amanzi siba sikhulu, futhi ukubalwa kuwukuhamba kwamanzi angenayo ngokuqhathaniswa namanzi aphumayo, hhayi ifomula yomthamo owodwa.
Isakhiwo sokubamba amanzi singaba umcengezi noma ithangi; esikhungweni sedatha lapho umhlaba nokuphepha kubalulekile, ithangi lifanele izindawo ezivalekile noma ezihlelekile. Yenza usayizi walo ngokwesiphepho sokuklama okuvunyelwene ngaso endaweni, ngokuvamile isikhathi esithile sokuphindaphinda esicacisiwe, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi idivayisi yokukhulula, umgodi noma i-weir, isethelwe izinga elivunyelwe. Ukubamba amanzi okuncane kuyachichima noma kuyagcwala; ukubamba amanzi okukhulu kuchitha umhlaba nemali. Izinga lokukhulula liwumkhawulo obeka umthamo, ngakho-ke kuyinto yokuqala yokufaka okumele ukuklama kuyiqinisekise.
Isixhumanisi sokusetshenziswa kabusha: kusuka ekubambeni kuya ekugcwaliseni kokupholisa
Isixhumanisi sokusetshenziswa kabusha yisinyathelo esiguqula izindleko zokulahla zibe ukuhlinzeka. Esikhundleni sokukhulula wonke amanzi aboshiwe ezansi nomfula, ingxenye yawo iyakhishwa, iyelashwe bese ifakwa emanzini okugcwalisa okupholisa, okususa amanzi kamasipala okungenzeka ukuthi imibhoshongo yayizowasebenzisa. Lesi sixhumanisi ngokomzimba siyiphampu kanye nepayipi elisuka kumthamo wokubamba liye ohlelweni lokwelashwa bese liya esihlokweni sokugcwalisa, kanti izilawuli zisethelwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabusha kungaphazamisi ukuhambisana nezinga lokukhulula.
Inani likabili: isiza sinciphisa ukudonsa kwaso emanzini kagesi acindezelwe futhi sinciphisa umthamo okufanele siwulahle, ngaphakathi komkhawulo wokukhulula. Umkhawulo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabusha akukwazi ukudlula lokho umsebenzi wokupholisa ongakuthatha, futhi ukubamba kusafanele kuhlangabezane nesibopho sako sokukhulula ngemva kokudonswa. Ngakho-ke isixhumanisi siklanywe njengendlela ehambisanayo, hhayi ukungena esikhundleni sendlela yokulahla, futhi izilawuli zigcina le misebenzi emibili ihlukene ukuze kungabi khona ehlulekayo lapho enye isebenza.
Ikhwalithi yamanzi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kabusha
Amanzi alungele ukukhishwa awawona ngokuzenzakalela alungele ukusetshenziswa kabusha, ngoba umjikelezo wokupholisa unemikhawulo yawo yekhemistri. Amanzi emvula agciniwe athwala inzika, imfucumfucu, izakhamzimba ezivela emithonjeni yasemoyeni nasezindaweni, kanye nama-hydrocarbon ngezikhathi ezithile avela ezindaweni eziqinile, futhi lezo zinto zishintsha ukulingana kwe-scaling nokwebhayoloji yomjikelezo uma zingena zingelashwanga. Isango lekhwalithi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kabusha yilona elivikela uhlelo lokwelashwa olulandela.
Isango liyisethi yamapharamitha, izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, ama-hydrocarbon, imisoco kanye nenani lamagciwane, ezikalwa endaweni yokuphuma yokubanjwa futhi ziqhathaniswa nencazelo yokwengeza yokupholisa. Uma amanzi abanjiwe ehlangabezana nayo, adlulela ekwelashweni; uma kungenjalo, akhishwa ngaphakathi komkhawulo wokukhululwa kunokuba aphoqelelwe ekusetshenzisweni kabusha. Iphuzu liwukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabusha kuncike ezingeni lokuhle, futhi umqondo wemibandela yiwo ogcina isixhumanisi sokusetshenziswa kabusha singabi yisibopho sezinga lamanzi. Isiqondiso se-ASSP 3 mayelana nokwelashwa kwamanzi ohlelo lokupholisa sibeka amapharamitha abalulekile.
Ukutholwa ophahleni nasezindaweni eziqinile
Ukubuthwa kwamanzi kuwukubamba ngamabomu amanzi agobhozayo ukuze asetshenziswe esikhundleni sokudonswa ngengozi ezindaweni zokubamba amanzi, futhi lezi zindawo ezimbili zokubamba amanzi ziphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. Amanzi agobhozayo ophahleni awona mthombo ohlanzekile: ane-coefficient ephezulu yokugobhoza, ukuthintana okuphansi nomhlabathi futhi, esikhungweni sedatha, indawo enkulu, ngakho-ke iwumgomo wokuqala wokubutha. Amanzi agobhozayo ezindaweni eziqinile nasemigwaqweni yokungena athwala umthwalo omningi futhi abuthwa kuphela lapho uhlelo lokuhlanza lungakwazi ukuwaphatha.
Uhlelo lokuvuna luyinethiwekhi yokuqoqa eya ethangini lokugcina, elilinganiswe nesivuno sokungena kwamanzi, futhi ithangi liyisitsha esijwayelekile sokugcina amanzi esichazwe ngekhwalithi engenayo. Umehluko nokubamba ukuthi: ukubamba kubamba umthamo ophezulu ukuze kukhishwe, ukuvuna kubamba umthamo ukuze kusetshenziswe, futhi indawo ingahlanganisa kokubili lapho umthamo obanjiwe uphinda ube yisitoreji sokuvuna. Ukukhetha komklamo ukuthi ngabe ukugcina imifudlana ihlukene, ukuze amanzi ophahla ahlanzeke, noma ukuwahlanganisa, ukuze kube lula, futhi impendulo yokwelashwa iyanquma.
Izidingo zokwelashwa
Amanzi avuniwe futhi agcinwe kokubili adinga ukwelashwa ngaphambi komsebenzi wokupholisa, futhi izinga lincike emthonjeni nasekubekezeleleni kombuthano. Isisekelo siwukuhlunga nokuhlanza ukuze kususwe izinto eziqinile ezingcolile kanye nenhlabathi, kulandelwe ukuhlunga kwezinto ezilengayo emanzini, kanye nesinyathelo sokubulala amagciwane, ngokuvamile isibulali-zilwane esine-oxidising, ukuze kulawulwe umthamo wamagciwane okhuthazwa amanzi amile. Ukususwa kwezakhamzimba ne-hydrocarbon kwengezwa lapho umthamo wendawo yokuthola amanzi ukudinga khona.
Uhlelo lokwelashwa lusethwa yincazelo yokwakheka evela ohlelweni lwamanzi okupholisa, hhayi ngezinga elijwayelekile, ngoba lokho okubekezelelwa yiluphu kuchaza umkhawulo. Uhlaka lwe-EPA lwamanzi ezikhukhula lubhekana nezilawuli zohlangothi lokukhipha, kuyilapho uhlangothi lokusetshenziswa kabusha lulawulwa izinga lokwelashwa lwesistimu yokupholisa. Linganisa uhlelo ngokugeleza okutholakele, hhayi ngesiqongo sesikhukhula, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kabusha kuwukudonsa okungaguquki, futhi qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ahlanjululwe ahlangabezana nomkhawulo wokwakheka ngaphambi kokuba angene ethangini elondla isitshalo.
Ukusebenzisana nokulinganisela kwamanzi endawo
Amanzi ezimvula awahlali wodwa esithombeni samanzi; asebenzisana namanzi okugcwalisa okupholisa, ukunikezwa okubuyiselwe uma kukhona, kanye nokudonswa kukamasipala. Ibhalansi yamanzi esizeni ihlanganisa konke okungena, kukamasipala, okubuyiselwe, okugunyiwe nokubanjwe, ngokumelene nakho konke okuphumayo, ukuhwamuka, ukukhishwa kwamanzi nokulahlwa, futhi umnikelo wamanzi ezimvula uyingxenye ehlobene nemvula. Esikhathini semvula kungasusa ingxenye enkulu yamanzi okugcwalisa okuvela emapayipini amakhulu; esikhathini esomile kunomnikelo omncane.
Ukusebenzisana kubalulekile ngezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, isixhumanisi sokusebenzisa kabusha sisiza kuphela lapho kunokugeleza kwesiphepho okufanele kubanjwe, ngakho-ke inani laso lingokweshumi elithile futhi akufanele libalwe njengomthombo oqinile wamanzi kumklamo wenkathi eyomile. Okwesibili, isibopho sokukhululwa kwababoshiwe sisasebenza ngisho noma ukusebenzisa kabusha kusebenza, ngakho-ke indlela yokukhipha amanzi ihlala ilinganiswa ngokuzimela. Ibhalansi iyidokhumenti evimbela ukubalwa kabili, futhi yilapho umnikelo wangempela wamanzi esiphepho, oncike esimweni sezulu, uboniswa ngokuthembekile kunokuba ucatshangwe.
Ukulinganisa umthamo wethangi lokubamba nokuguna
Le mibhalo emibili ikalwa ndawonye, hhayi ngokulandelana. Qala ngevolumu yokubamba kusukela ezingeni lokukhululwa kanye nesiphepho esiklanyelwe, ngoba ukuhambisana nomthetho akunakuxoxiswana ngakho. Bese unquma ukuthi ingakanani ivolumu eboshiwe noma evuniwe ephinde igcinelwe ukusetshenziswa kabusha, iboshwe yisidingo sokupholisa esengeziwe kanye nomthamo wokuhlanza. Ithangi elihlangene lingasebenza kukho kokubili lapho isibopho sokukhulula sihlangatshezwa ngemva kokudonswa kokusetshenziswa kabusha, futhi amathangi ahlukene asetshenziswa lapho imisebenzi ishayisana khona.
Ivolumu yokuvuna inqunywa umkhiqizo wendawo yokubamba amanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nokushintshashintsha kwezinkathi zemvula kanye nesidingo sokusetshenziswa kabusha, ngakho ngokuvamile incane kunevolumu yokubamba futhi ikalwa ngokwesilinganiso sokuthwebula hhayi ngokwephezulu. Bhala kokubili ngokwesilinganiso samanzi endawo ukuze izibalo zivumelane. Umphumela uwuhlelo lwamanzi ezimvula oluhlangabezana nemvume yokukhipha futhi olunikeza umthombo wangempela, oqaphela isimo sezulu, kanti ivolumu yokubamba neyokuvuna ngayinye iqinisekiswa yisibalo hhayi ngumkhuba wokulinganisa.
Isisekelo Sokulinganisa Ukugeleza Kwamanzi Nokuvalelwa
Ubuningi | Incazelo | Umthombo | Indima |
Indawo yokubamba amanzi | Isamba sezindawo | Ucwaningo lwesiza | Kushayela umthamo |
I-coefficient yokugeleza | I-C yendawo ngayinye | Uhlobo lwendawo | Uphahla luphezulu, indawo ephansi iphansi |
Ubukhulu bokuklama | Isivunguvungu esiphindaphindayo | Idatha yendawo | Izinga eliphezulu |
Izinga eliphezulu Q | C.i.A / k | Indlela ye-rational | Okokufaka kokugcinwa |
Izinga lokukhulula | Ukuphuma okuvunyelwe | Isiphathimandla | Ikhulisa umthamo |
Umthamo wokubamba | Ukungena kususa ukukhululwa | Ukuhlela indlela | Isitoreji sokuhambisana |
Indlela Yokutholwa Kabusha Kwamanzi Emvula
Isigaba | Kusuka | Kuya | Ukulawula |
Ukubamba | Uphahla / indawo eqinile | Ithangi lokuvuna | Inethiwekhi yokuqoqa |
Bamba | Ukugeleza kwamanzi esizeni | Ithangi lokubamba amanzi | Ukukhishwa kwe-Orifice / weir |
Ukudonsa | Ukuvalelwa | Uhlelo lokwelashwa | Ipompo + isango lekhwalithi |
Welapha | Ukwelashwa | Isihloko sokugcwalisa | Kuhlangabezana nesimo |
Ukusetshenziswa kabusha | Ukulungiselela | Umbhoshongo wokupholisa | Kususa amanzi omgwaqo |
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd.) iklama futhi yakha amathangi okugcina insimbi eboliwe, amathangi ensimbi ashiselelwe, amathangi e-epoxy ahlanganiswe ngokuncibilika, amathangi e-galvanized, izitsha zensimbi engagqwali, izitsha zengcindezi, uphahla lwedome le-aluminium le-geodesic kanye nophahla oluntantayo. Inkampani inolwazi lokukhiqiza olungaphezu kweminyaka engu-30 futhi isihlinzeke ngemishini kumaphrojekthi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Uphahla lwedome le-aluminium le-geodesic luklanywa futhi lwakhiwe ngokwe-API 650 Appendix G, AWWA D108, i-Aluminum Design Manual, i-ASCE 7 ne-IBC, futhi inkampani yathuthukisa futhi yathumela ngaphandle uphahla lwedome le-aluminium olungububanzi obungu-72 m ngo-2023. Ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa, ukugcotshwa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nensizakalo yasendaweni kusingathwa njengomsebenzi owodwa, yingakho imidwebo, isisekelo sokubala kanye nezingxenyekazi ezilethiwe kungahlanganiswa komunye nomunye.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Isilinganiso sokubanjwa kwamanzi ezikhukhula senza kanjani endaweni yesikhungo sedatha?
Ukubanjwa kwamanzi kukalwa ngokwezinga lokukhishwa elivunyelwe, ngokuvamile okuyingxenye yencopho yangaphambi kokuthuthukiswa, ngokuqondisa ukungena kwesiphepho ngokumelene nokuphuma okuvunyelwe; isitoreji siwumthamo ophakathi kwazo, hhayi ifomula eyodwa. Umkhawulo uyinga lokukhishwa elibekwe ngumlawuli noma uhlelo olungaphansi, olusetshenziswa esiphepheni sokuklama ngesikhathi sokwenzeka okuvunyelwene ngaso. Ithangi lifanele izindawo ezivalekile noma ezinokuphepha okubucayi; imbobo noma ichweba libeka ukukhishwa. Uma lincane kuyachichima, uma likhulu kudla umhlaba nemali.
Luyini ukuxhumana kokusetshenziswa kabusha phakathi kwamanzi ezimvula nokupholisa?
Isixhumanisi sokusetshenziswa kabusha sithatha ingxenye yamanzi ezimvula agcinwe, siwaphatha bese siwafaka ekugcwaliseni kokupholisa, sikhuphe amanzi kamasipala amathawa ebezoqhubeka nokuwasebenzisa. Ngokomzimba kuyiphampu nepayipi elisuka kumthamo wokugcina liye ohlelweni lokuhlanza bese liya esihlokweni sokugcwalisa, ngokulawula okugcina ukusetshenziswa kabusha kungaphuli ukuhambisana kwezinga lokukhishwa. Kuyindlela ehambisanayo, hhayi ukufaka esikhundleni sokukhishwa, futhi ukusetshenziswa kabusha akukwazi ukudlula lokho umsebenzi wokupholisa ongakuthatha.
Yikuphi ikhwalithi yamanzi edingekayo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi ezimvula?
Amanye amanzi emvula agcinwe kufanele ahlangabezane nemfuneko yokugcwalisa ngamanzi okupholisa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kabusha, ngoba angase abe nenhlabathi, imfucumfucu, izakhamzimba kanye nama-hydrocarbon atholakala ngezikhathi ezithile ashintsha ukulingana kwe-loop kanye nokulingana kwezinto eziphilayo. Linganisa izinto ezinganyakazi ezimisiwe, ama-hydrocarbon, izakhamzimba kanye nenani lamagciwane endaweni yokuphuma yokugcina bese uqhathanisa nomkhawulo wokugcwalisa. Uma kudlula, hlanzeka bese usetshenziswa kabusha; uma kungenjalo, kukhiphe ngaphandle ngaphakathi komkhawulo wokukhulula. Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kuncike ezingeni, futhi lokho kucabanga okunemibandela kuvikela uhlelo lokwelashwa.
Ngabe amanzi aphuma ophahleni angavunwa ukuze asetshenziswe ekupholiseni?
Yebo, futhi ukugeleza kwamanzi ophahleni kuyisihloko sokuvuna esihlanzekile kakhulu futhi esinesivuno esiphezulu: kunokuxhumana okuphezulu kokugeleza futhi, esikhungweni sedatha, indawo enkulu, ngakho-ke kuvuna ukubanjwa okuhlanzekile nokunomthamo ophezulu. Kuyisa ngenethiwekhi yokuqoqa eya ethangini lokugcina elilinganiswe nesivuno sendawo yokubamba amanzi. Ukugeleza kwamanzi ezindaweni eziqinile nasemigwaqweni kuthwala umthwalo omningi futhi kuvunwa kuphela lapho uhlelo lokuhlanza lungakwazi ukukusingatha. Le mifudlana emibili ingagcinwa ihlukene ukuze amanzi ophahleni ahlanze kakhulu noma ihlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze kube lula, ukwelashwa kuyona okunqumayo.
Yikuphi ukwelashwa okudingwa amanzi avuniwe?
Ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo ukuhlolwa nokuxazululwa kwezinto eziqinile eziqinile kanye nentlenga, ukuhlunga kwezinto ezilengayo, kanye nokubulala amagciwane, ngokuvamile isibulali-zilwane esine-oxidising, somthwalo wamagciwane odalwa amanzi amile, kanye nokususwa kwezakhamzimba ne-hydrocarbon kwengezwa lapho indawo yokutholwa kwamanzi idinga khona. Uhlelo lusethwa yincazelo yokugcwalisa yokupholisa, hhayi indinganiso ejwayelekile, futhi lulinganiswa ngokugeleza kwamanzi atholwayo, ukudonsa okuzinzile, hhayi umvuthu wesiphepho. Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ahlanjululwe ahlangabezana nomkhawulo wokugcwalisa ngaphambi kokuba angene ethangini lesitshalo.
Amanzi ezikhukhula asebenzisana kanjani nokulinganisela kwamanzi esizeni?
Amanzi ezimvula angomunye wemithombo engenayo phakathi kwemithombo kamasipala, egaywe kabusha kanye neqoqwe ngokumelene nokuhwamuka, ukukhishwa kwamanzi nokukhishwa okuphumayo, futhi umnikelo wawo ulandela imvula, mkhulu ezikhathini zezimvula, mncane kwezomile. Kunezimiphumela ezimbili ezilandelayo: isixhumanisi sokusetshenziswa kabusha asikwazi ukubalwa njengomthombo oqinile wokuhlinzeka ngesikhathi somile, futhi isibopho sokukhululwa kokubanjwa sisasebenza lapho ukusetshenziswa kabusha kusebenza, ngakho indlela yokukhishwa ihlale ilinganiswa ngokuzimela. Ukulingana kwamanzi endawo yikho okuvimbela umnikelo wamanzi ezimvula ukuthi ungalibalwa kabili noma ucatshangwe.
Yimiphi imithamo yokubamba nokuvuna ejwayelekile?
Akukho umthamo ojwayelekile ngaphandle kwedatha yesiza; ukubanjwa kwamanzi kuvela ezingeni lokukhululwa nesiphepho esiklanyelwe, kanti isivuno sivela emkhiqizweni wokuthwebula amanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nokwenzeka kwezikhathi zemvula kanye nesidingo sokusebenzisa kabusha. Umthamo wokubanjwa kwamanzi ngokuvamile mkhulu futhi uqhutshwa ukuhambisana nemithetho; umthamo wesivuno ngokuvamile ulinganiswa ukuthwebula okujwayelekile hhayi okuphezulu futhi ukhawulelwa amandla okupholisa nokwelapha. Linganisa kokubili ngokulingana kwamanzi esiza ukuze kuvumelane, futhi vumela ukubala, hhayi umkhuba wokulinganisa, kusethe ngakunye.
Amanzi ezimvula esizeni sedatha ayiwumsebenzi wokukhipha kanye nomthombo ngasikhathi sinye, futhi umklamo owathatha njengokukodwa kwalokho ushiya inani etafuleni noma ingozi emabhukwini. Ukuvalelwa okulinganiswe ngezinga elivunyelwe lokukhishwa kuhlangabezana nomlawuli; isixhumanisi sokusetshenziswa kabusha esilinganiswe ngokumelene nomsebenzi wokupholisa siphendula ingxenye yalowo mthamo ovalelwe ube umthombo wokugcwalisa; futhi ukuvuna uphahla kuthwebula indawo ehlanzekile futhi enkulu kunazo zonke esizeni.
Isiyalo esibamba ndawonye ukulingana kwamanzi esizeni, okugcina isibopho sokukhipha kanye nomnikelo wokusetshenziswa kabusha kuthembekile futhi kuvimbela umthamo wamanzi ezikhukhula ukuthi ubalwe kabili. Sithumele izindawo zokuthwebula amanzi, izinga lokukhishwa kwendawo kanye nedatha yemvula, futhi sizobuyisela imithamo yokubamba nokuvuna elinganiswe ngokulingana okufanayo, ngohlelo lokwelashwa olusethwe ezingeni lokulungiselela lokupholisa.
Khuluma Neqembu Lethu Lobunjiniyela
Thumela umsebenzi, isisekelo somthamo, ikhodi elawulayo kanye nezingqinamba zesizeni, futhi iqembu lethu lobunjiniyela lizobuya nencazelo yokucaciswa umhlinzeki angayikhokhela futhi umhloli angayivuma. Sizokutshela futhi ngokucacile lapho uhlobo oluhlukile lwethangi noma umkhakha ohlukile kuyimpendulo engcono.
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