Amathangi Amanzi Okulima Isalmon: Ukuklama, Izinto, kanye Nobunjiniyela be-RAS
Kwadalwa ngo 2025.07.16
Amathangi Amanzi Okulima Isalmon: Umklamo, Izinto Ezisetshenzisiwe, kanye Nobunjiniyela be-RAS
Ukuphuma ekulimeni kwesalmon emaphethelweni olwandle kuya ekulimeni emhlabeni kusekelwa kakhulu ukwamukelwa kwezinhlelo ze-Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). Ezingqimeni zalezi zinhlelo kukhona amathangi amanzi anamandla amakhulu. Lezi ziqukathi azizona iziqukathi nje; ziyizindawo eziklanywe ngokunemba okufanele zigcine ikhemistri yamanzi, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ngokunembayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yezinhlanzi, ukukhula okusheshayo, kanye nokuvimbela izifo.
1. Ubuchwepheshe Obuyinhloko: Izinhlelo ze-Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)
Ukulima kwesalmon kwesimanje kuncike ku-RAS, uhlelo oluvalekile oluhlala luhluza futhi luvuselela amanzi. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela abalimi ukuthi bahlukanise ukukhiqiza emvelweni yemvelo, kunciphisa izingozi ezifana nezintwala zolwandle, ukubila kwamajubane, kanye namazinga okushisa angalindelekile.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile ezilawulwa umklamo we-tank zihlanganisa:
● I-Biofiltration: Ukususa i-ammonia ne-nitrite ezilimaza.
● Ukuhlanganiswa komoya-mpilo: Ukugcina amazinga e-Dissolved Oxygen (DO) abalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba we-salmon.
● Ukuhlanza udoti oluqinile: Ukuhlanza kahle umquba kanye nokudla okungadliwe ngasechibini eliphakathi.
2. Ukukhethwa kwezinto: Yini echaza ithangi elisebenza kahle kakhulu?
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathangi okufuywa kuwo i-salmon kunquma ukuqina kwengqalasizinda kanye nenhlanzeko yendawo lapho kuhlala khona izilwane.
Into | Ukuqina | Inhlanzeko/Ukuphepha Kwezinto Eziphilayo | Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko |
I-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) | Okukhethekile | Okungcono Kakhulu (Okungangeni manzi/Okubushelelezi) | Phezulu (Isikhathi eside) |
I-Reinforced Concrete | Phakathi | Phansi (Kuyavela izimbotshana/Kuyagqabuka) | Phakathi |
I-Polyethylene (PE) | Phakathi | Phezulu (Kuyashelela/Akubangeli lutho) | Phezulu (Emithangeni emincane) |
I-Fiberglass (FRP) | Phezulu | Phezulu | Phezulu (Kudinga umsebenzi omningi) |
I-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) iyathandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu zokufuywa kwe-salmon ezisemhlabeni. Ukugqoka kwengilazi akubangeli lutho emakhemikhali, okusho ukuthi ayikhiphi amakhemikhali emanzini futhi iyavimbela ukunamathela kwe-biofilm, engaba yindawo yokuhlala amagciwane.
3. Umklamo we-Hydraulic kanye ne-Mechanics "Yokuzihlanza"
Kumalwane, izilwane ezihamba ngamandla, "ukugeleza kwamanzi" ngaphakathi ethangini kubaluleke njengokuhlanzeka kwamanzi. Umgomo ukudala ukujikeleza kwamanzi okulingisa umfula wemvelo ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ithangi lihlala lihlanzekile.
● Indlela Yokudonsa Ephakathi: Amathangi enziwa ngomklamo onomthambeka phansi oholayo endaweni yokudonsa emaphakathi noma eseceleni phansi. Ukungena kwamanzi kuqondiswa ngendlela yokuthi kuguqule ithangi ukuze kwakheke isiphepho.
● Ukuthuthwa Kwemfucuza: Lo mphumela wesiphepho ugxilisa izinto eziqinile endaweni yokudonsa emaphakathi, uzisuse ohlelweni ngaphambi kokuba zibole futhi zisebenzise umoya-mpilo.
● Ukulawulwa Kwejubane: Amalwane anezidingo ezithile zokuhamba ngesivinini sokubhukuda. Uma isivinini samanzi siphezulu kakhulu, izinhlanzi zisebenzisa amandla amaningi; uma siphezulu kancane, imfucuza iyanqwabelana. Amathangi esimanje e-RAS asebenzisa imilomo yokungena eguquguqukayo ukulungisa lezi zimpawu.
4. Ukuvikeleka Kwezifo Nokuphathwa Kwezifo
Ukulima isalmon emhlabeni kukhethwa ngqo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, amathangi amanzi kumele asekele le njongo:
● Izindawo Ezingasebenzi: Izindawo ezibushelelezi, ezihlanganiswe ingilazi zinciphisa izindawo lapho amagciwane angacasha khona.
● Ukuhlanza Kalula: Umklamo we-modular uvumela ukuhlanzwa okusheshayo phakathi kwemijikelezo yokukhiqiza ngaphandle kwengozi yezindawo "ezifile" lapho izinto eziphilayo zingabuna khona.
● Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Amanzi okulima isalmon—ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zamanzi anosawoti noma amanzi anosawoti aphindekayo—angaba nomthelela omkhulu wokugqwala. Izingxenye ze-GFS nezinga eliphezulu lensimbi engagqwali zivimbela ukubola komqambimqambambili okungaholela ekuvuzeni noma ukulahlekelwa inhlanzi.
5. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Q: Kungani i-GFS ivame ukukhethwa kunokhokho ematankini amakhulu esalmon?
A: Ukhonkolo unemingxuma futhi ungagqabuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okudala izindawo "ezifihliwe" lapho amagciwane ayingozi angahlala khona. I-GFS ayinazo nhlobo imingxuma, ayibuthakathaka ekugqwaleni ngamanzi anosawoti, futhi iyashesha ukufakwa endaweni kusetshenziswa indlela yokukhuphula, kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwesikhungo.
Q: Ningayigcina kanjani i-DO (Dissolved Oxygen) kulezi zingilazi?
A: Umoya-mpilo ungeniswa ngezinhlelo zokujova eziseceleni, izimbiza zomoya-mpilo, noma izihlakazi zomoya-mpilo obandayo ezifakwe phansi kwengilazi. Ukugeleza okuyindilinga okukhulunywe ngakho esigabeni sesi-3 kuqinisekisa ukuthi lo mswakama onomoya-mpilo usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ivolumu yengilazi.
Q: Yiluphi usayizi ofanele ingilazi ye-salmon RAS?
A: Lokhu kuncike esigabeni sempilo. Izingilazi zokuncelisa (ukukhiqiza i-smolt) ngokuvamile zincane (ububanzi obungu-5–15 amamitha), kanti izingilazi zokukhulisa i-salmon esobukhulu bemakethe zingaba nobubanzi obungu-20 kuye ku-30+ amamitha.
Ukutshala imali emathangini amanzi okulima inhlanzi anembayo yikona okubaluleke kakhulu ekusunguleni indawo yokulima inhlanzi emhlabeni ezokhiqiza. Ngokubeka phambili izinto ezinezindawo ezingathintani nanoma yini (njenge-GFS) nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imiklamo ye-hydraulic ikhuthaza ukususwa kwemfucumfucu kahle, abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukwandisa inani lezinhlanzi nezimila zazo. Njengoba imboni ihambela ezinhlelweni ezinkulu nezizinzile, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bamathangi aqinile, angadingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu, futhi avikele izifo kuzohlala kuyindinganiso yempumelelo.
Ungesigaba sokuklama sokuqala sephrojekthi yokulima izilwane zasemanzini, noma ngabe njengamanje uhlola ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisekelayo endaweni ekhona?
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