Umkhiqizi Ohamba Phambili Wama-Tank Okungcola Kwamanzi Okulinywa Kwesalmon E-China
Kwadalwa ngo 02.12
Umkhiqizi Ohamba Phambili Wase-China Wethangi Lamanzi Amdaka Ezindaweni Zokulima Isalmon
Ukulima isalmon kuvele njengomunye wemithombo esheshayo futhi esimeme kakhulu emhlabeni yamaprotheni asezingeni eliphezulu. Kusuka eNorway naseChile kuya eCanada, eScotland, eJapan, nase-Australia, amapulazi esalmon abalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo sokudla somhlaba.
Nokho, ukufuya isalmon yesimanje kuletha nezinselelo ezinkulu zemvelo. Amanzi amdaka okuphuma ekufuya izinhlanzi—akhiqizwa ezindaweni zezinhlanzi, ezinhlelweni zokuhlunga, emisebenzini yokuhlanza, nasezindaweni zokucubungula—aqukethe izakhamzimba, izinto eziphilayo, izinto ezingagxili, nemikhondo yemithi enobuthi okufanele iphathwe kahle ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo futhi kuhlangatshezwane nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo.
Ezingqimeni zokufuya isalmon ngokuziphethe kahle kunezindimbane zamanzi amdaka eziklanyelwe—izitsha eziqinile, eziwusizo, futhi ezimelana nokugqwala eziklanyelwe ukubamba, ukubuyisela, nokuhlanganisa amanzi amdaka nezinhlelo zokwelapha ezilandelayo.
Njengomkhiqizi ohamba phambili waseChina wamathangi emanzini angcolile ezindaweni zokulima inhlanzi, i-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) ihlinzeka ngezixazululo zamathangi amanzi angcolile ezakhiwe kahle ezinhlelweni zokulima inhlanzi ezifana nesalmon emhlabeni wonke. Ngeminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho ekukhiqizeni, ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izitifiketi zamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nolwazi lwamaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke, i-Center Enamel ihlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokugcina ezisekela ukuthobela imithetho yezemvelo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusimama kwesikhathi eside emisebenzini yokulima inhlanzi.
1. Ukuqonda Amanzi Amdaka Okufuya Isalmon
1.1 Yini Amanzi Amdaka Okufuya Isalmon?
Amanzi amdaka ezinhlanzi zesilimo samasalmon ahlanganisa zonke iziphuzo ezingamanzi ezikhiqizwa kuyo yonke imijikelezo yokulima nokucubungula:
Amanzi okugeza amathangi nenethi
Amanzi okugeza nokugeza ibhayofilti
Ukugeleza kukadoti okuvela ezindaweni zokudla
Ukudla okungadliwa kanye nomquba wezinhlanzi
Ukucubungula amanzi amdaka avela emisebenzini yokubulala nokusika izinhlanzi
Izixazululo zokubulala amagciwane nokuhlanza
La manzi amdaka anezici ezilandelayo:
Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo
Ukufunwa okuphezulu kwe-oxygen ye-biochemical (BOD)
Izakhamzimba ezifana nenitrojeni ne-phosphorus
Izinto ezingaphezulu kanye nezinto ezincane
Izinsalela zamakhemikhali ezivame ukuvela ezintweni zokuhlanza
Ngaphandle kokubanjwa nokwelashwa okufanele, lezi zingxenye zingakwazi:
Ukunciphisa umoya emanzini atholayo
Ukuthinta imvelo yasemanzini
Ukwephula izimvume zokukhipha amanzi
Ukudala ukuhlola komphakathi nokulawulayo
Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa kahle kwamanzi amdaka kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo kunoma yikuphi ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezilimo zamasalmon.
2. Indima Yamathangi Amanzi Amdaka Ezinhlelweni Zokulima Amasalmon
Amathangi amanzi amdaka ezinhlanzi zesilimo samasalmon enza imisebenzi ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuphatha amanzi:
2.1 Ukulinganisa Nokubhafa
Ukugeleza nokwakheka kwamanzi angcolile kungahluka kakhulu phakathi nosuku nasezikhathini zokukhiqiza (isib. izikhathi zokudla, imicimbi yokuhlanza, izinguquko zokucubungula). Amatafulethi okubhafa:
Ukunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kokugeleza
Ukuzinzisa izici zamanzi angcolile
Vikela izinhlelo zokwelapha ezilandelayo ekulayisheni okungazelelwe
2.2 Isitoreji Esingesikhathi Esimisiwe Ngaphambi Kokwelapha
Amathangi okubhafa agcina amanzi angcolile ngaphambi kwezinhlelo zokwelapha, okuhlanganisa:
Ukuhlunga ngomshini
Ukwelapha ngamajubane (izinqubo ze-aerobic noma ze-anaerobic)
Ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali nokulungiswa kwe-pH
Ukukhipha udaka
Isitoreji esifanele siqinisekisa ukudla okungaguquki ezinhlelweni zokwelapha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.
2.3 Ukuhlukaniswa Nokuhlala Kwemidwe
Amathangi amanzi amdaka amanye enzelwe ukuvumela ukuthi izinto eziqinile zihlale phansi, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanza imidwe ngaphambi kokwelashwa okwengeziwe.
2.4 Ukulawulwa Kwezivunguvungu Nokukhishwa
Amanzi amdaka ezinhlanzi ezibomvu angakhiqiza izivunguvungu namagesi. Izixazululo zamathangi avaliwe futhi avaliwe zisiza ekwenzeni lokhu okulandelayo:
Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezivunguvungu
Ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi
Ukusekela ukuthobela imvelo
3. Kungani Amathangi Amanzi Amdaka Enziwe Ngobunjiniyela Ebucayi
Ngokungafani nezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezilula, amathangi amanzi amdaka ezinhlanzi ezibomvu kufanele enziwe ngobunjiniyela ukuze aphathe lokhu okulandelayo:
3.1 Ingozi Yokugqwala
Amakhemikhali anama-organic, izindawo ezine-saline, izinto zokuhlanza, kanye nomsebenzi we-biological kwandisa ingozi yokubola. Amathangi kufanele asebenzise izinto ezingamelana nokuthi:
Ukuhlaselwa amakhemikhali
Ukubola okubangelwa amagciwane
Ukuwohloka okubangelwa usawoti
3.2 Izidingo Zesakhiwo
Amathangi amanzi angcolile kufanele akwazi ukumelana nokuthi:
Ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic
Imithwalo ye-dynamic ngenxa yokuhamba kwe-sludge
Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa
Umoya, ukuzamazama komhlaba, nemithwalo yezemvelo (amathangi angaphezulu komhlaba)
Amathangi e-Center Enamel enzelwe ukuqinisa ukwakheka ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo.
3.3 Ukuhlanganiswa nezinqubo zokwelapha
Amathangi kufanele axhumane nalokhu:
Imibhobho yokungena nokuphuma
Amaphampu nezinhlelo zokudosa
Ama-aeration nezinhlelo zokujikeleza
Ukuqapha nokulinganisa
Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamihuzuko kusekela ukusebenza kahle futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi.
4. Mayelana ne-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel)
4.1 Isingeniso Senkampani
Yasungulwa ngo-2008, i-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) ingumkhiqizi onguchwepheshe ozinikele ekwakhiweni, ekwenzeni, nasekunikezeni amathangi okugcina enziwe ngobunjiniyela.
Uhlu lomkhiqizo lwe-Center Enamel luhlanganisa:
Amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS)
Amathangi e-Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE)
Amathangi e-Stainless Steel
Amathangi e-Galvanized Steel
Izindlu Zophahla Zama-Aluminum Geodesic
Izinhlelo Zophahla Lwezindunduma Zokugcina Amanzi
Ukusekelwa Kobuchwepheshe Kwe-EPC
Ngeqembu elisebenza ngokukhethekile kwezokuthuthukisa i-enameling kanye namalungelo obunikazi acishe abe yi-200 we-enameling, i-Center Enamel isibe umholi embonini yezindunduma eziboshwe ngezikulufo e-Asia. Izindawo zethu zokukhiqiza zingaphezu kwe-150,000 m², zinezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukile kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ikhwalithi.
4.2 Ubufakazi Namazinga Amazwe Omhlaba
Imikhiqizo ye-Center Enamel inezitifiketi ezihambisana namazinga amakhulu omhlaba, okubalwa kuwo:
I-ISO 9001 – Ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi
NSF/ANSI 61 – Ukuphepha Kwamanzi okuphuza
EN 1090 – Izindinganiso zensimbi ezakhiwe ngayo
ISO 28765 – Umklamo wezimbiza
WRAS – Imithetho yamanzi yase-UK
FM – Izindinganiso zokuvikela umlilo
LFGB – Ukuphepha Kokudla KwaseJalimani
BSCI – Ukuhambisana Nomphakathi
ISO 45001 – Impilo Yomsebenzi & Ukuphepha
FDA – Ukuphepha Kokudla
CE – Ukuhambisana KwaseYurophu
Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke ukuklama amathangi e-GFS, ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo, kanye nezinqubo zekhwalithi kulandela i-AWWA D103-09, i-OSHA, i-NFPA, kanye nezinye izindinganiso ezihamba phambili zobunjiniyela zomhlaba.
4.3 Ubukhona Bemakethe Yomhlaba Wonke
Ngo-2023, amathangi e-Center Enamel ahlanganiswe ngezikulufu athunyelwa emazweni angaphezu kwe-100, okuhlanganisa:
I-USA, iCanada, i-Australia, iMalaysia, i-Indonesia, iRussia, i-UAE, iPanama, iBrazil, iNingizimu Afrika, kanye neThailand phakathi kwamanye.
Ubuchwepheshe bethu kanye nodumo lwenkonzo kusenze saba nesibuyekezo esihlala njalo samazwe omhlaba.
5. Izixazululo Eziyinsinjiniyela Zamathangi Amanzi Angcolile Okulima Izinhlanzi Zesalmon
Amathangi amanzi amdaka ezindaweni zokulima isalmon kufanele ahlanganise ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukusebenza kahle kwezakhiwo, ukufakwa okulula, nokuphila isikhathi eside. I-Center Enamel ihlinzeka ngezinketho eziningi eziklanyelwe:
5.1 Amathangi Okungcola Amanzi E-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS)
Amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel anomhlubulo ongaphakathi ongazweli emanzini, owenziwe unamathele unomphela ezindaweni zensimbi. Lokhu kuphumela kulokhu okulandelayo:
Ukumelana okukhethekile nokugqwala
Izindawo zangaphakathi ezibushelelezi ezinciphisa ukwakheka kwemidwe
Isikhathi eside sokusebenza
Ukugcinwa okuphansi
Izinzuzo zokungcola kwamanzi kwe-aquaculture:
Imelana nama-acid organik kanye nosawoti
Ihambisana nemithwalo yokuphuma komswakama enamandla aphezulu
Ukunamathela okuncane kwemvubelo
Amathangi e-GFS avame ukuba yisixazululo esihle kakhulu sezicelo zamanzi amdaka ezinkomo ezikhiqiza i-salmon ezidinga impilo ende nokumelana nokugqwala okuthembekile.
5.2 Amathangi Amanzi Amdaka Anamatheliswe Ngokuhlanganiswa (FBE)
Izingubo ze-FBE zinikeza umgoqo wangaphakathi oqinile ovikela izisekelo zensimbi ekuchayekeni kumakhemikhali nomswakama.
Izinzuzo:
Ukunamathela okuphezulu
Ukumelana nokuklwebheka
Ifanele imifudlana enobuthi enolaka
Amathangi e-FBE afanele lapho kudingeka ukuvikelwa okuhlosiwe kwangaphakathi.
5.3 Amathangi Amanzi Amdaka Ensini Engenasici
I-Center Enamel yenza amathangi ensimbi engagqwali ye-AISI 304 kanye ne-AISI 316L, elungele izindawo ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kanye nenhlanzeko.
Izinzuzo:
Ukumelana nemvelo nokugqwala ngaphandle kokugqoka
Ukuhlanza nokuhlanzeka kalula
Isikhathi eside sempilo
Ilungele amanzi amdaka embonini yokudla
Lezi zindimbane zivame ukukhethwa ezindaweni zokufuya izinhlanzi lapho amazinga ekhwalithi yamanzi ephezulu khona.
5.4 Izinhlobo Zezindimbane Ezihlanganisiwe
Ukuze uthole izindleko ezinhle kakhulu nokusebenza, i-Center Enamel ingaklama amathangi ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa:
Amalungu aphansi e-GFS ukumelana nokugqwala
Amalungu aphezulu ensimbi engagqwali ukuze kuhambisane nenhlanzeko nokuqina
Le ndlela ihlinzeka ngesixazululo esilinganiselayo sokusebenza kanye nomnotho.
6. Izixazululo Zophahla Nokumboza Amathangi Amanzi Angcolile
Ukubhekana nephunga, ukukhishwa, nokuchayeka emvelweni, i-Center Enamel inikeza izinhlelo eziningana zophahla ezihlanganiswa kahle namathangi amanzi angcolile:
Uphahla oluhlanganiswe ingilazi nensimbi
Isixazululo esiqinile esingangenisi moya samathangi amanzi angcolile avaliwe.
Uphahla lwe-FRP
Lukhanyile futhi luyamelana nokugqwala, lufanele ukumboza amathangi amakhulu okugcina amanzi angcolile.
Uphahla lwe-Aluminum Dome (I-Geodesic Space Frames)
Izakhiwo eziqinile, ezicacile ezisusa izinsika zangaphakathi, ezisiza ukugcinwa nokufinyelela ethangini.
Uphahla olulodwa noluphindwe kabili
Ilungele ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokugaya i-anaerobic nokubanjwa kukagesi we-biogas.
Amadenga ensimbi engagqwali
Isetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona ukumelana ne-corrosion ephezulu kanye ne-hygiene.
Ukukhetha okufanele kwamadenga kuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwephunga, ukuphathwa kokukhishwa, nokusebenza okuphelele kwethangi.
7. Izicelo zamathangi amanzi angcolile embonini yokulima isalmon
Amathangi amanzi angcolile embonini yokulima isalmon abalulekile ezigabeni eziningi zokusebenza:
7.1 Izinhlelo Zokulima Ezisebenzisa Kabusha Amanzi (RAS)
Ezikhungweni ze-RAS, amathangi agcina futhi agcine amanzi amdaka phakathi kwamayunithi okuhlunga nokwelashwa, asiza ekwenzeni lokhu okulandelayo:
Ukuhlanza okunamandla
Ukuhlanganiswa kokwelashwa kwamagciwane
Ukusebenzisa kabusha amanzi nokujikeleza
7.2 Izinhlelo Zezinethi Zokubopha Nezamanzi Avulekile
Amathangi amanzi amdaka aqoqa amanzi amdaka avela ezinethini ezintantayo nasezikhungweni ezisogwini.
7.3 Izindawo Zokuzalela Nezindawo Zokukhulisa Izinhlanzi
Amathangi amancane asekelwa izindawo zokukhulisa izilwane ezincane ngokusingatha amanzi angcolile ngendlela elawulwayo.
7.4 Izindawo Zokucubungula
Amanzi angcolile avela emisebenzini yokucubungula (ukuhlinza, ukusika izinhlanzi, ukuhlanza) ayiswa ematankini okugcina okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
7.5 Izinhlelo Zokuhambisana Nemvelo
Amathangi okugcina okwesikhashana asebenza njengezindawo ezibalulekile zokulawula ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokukhipha amanzi nokusekela izinhlelo zokuqapha.
8. Ubunjiniyela Nokuhlanganiswa Nezinhlelo Zokwelashwa
I-Center Enamel ibambisana no-njiniyela nabasayini bezinkontileka ze-EPC ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amathangi ahlanganisa nalokhu:
Amayunithi okuqala okuhlanzwa
Ama-reactor ebhayoloji asebenzisa umoya (aerobic) nawangenayo (anaerobic)
Ama-filter nama-screen
Iziteshi zamaphampu
Izinhlelo zokuqapha ezizenzakalelayo
Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi ukugcinwa kwamanzi angcolile kusekela ukusebenza kwezinqubo nokusebenza kahle kwesitshalo.
9. Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi nezitifiketi
Ukuzibophezela kwe-Center Enamel kwekhwalithi kufaka phakathi:
Ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi kwe-ISO 9001
Ukuhlola ukunamathela nokujiya kwe-coating
Izinsolo zokuqina komqeqeshi
Ukuhlolwa kokuvuza nokuqinisekiswa kobukhulu
Ukuthobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe
Lezi zinyathelo ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile, ukuthobela imithetho, nokwethenjwa kwamakhasimende.
10. Ukusimama nezinzuzo zemvelo
Amathangi amanzi amdaka okudoba isalmon anikela ekusimameni ngokuthi:
Ukuvumela ukugcinwa okulawulwayo ngaphambi kokwelashwa
Ukunciphisa imithelela yokuphuma ngqo
Ukusekela amasu okuphinda kusetshenziswe amanzi
Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwephunga nokukhishwa
Ukwandisa impilo yesikhathi sezinsiza ezisebenzayo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezimelana nokugqwala
Izinto nezinhlelo ze-Center Enamel zisekela izinhloso zomnotho oyindilinga kanye nokunakekelwa kwemvelo.
Izinsiza Ezithembekile Zokulinywa Kwesalmon Okusimeme
Njengoba ukulinywa kwesalmon kuyaqhubeka nokwanda emhlabeni wonke, izinhlelo eziphumelelayo zokugcina amanzi amdaka zibalulekile. Noma ngabe kunezinhlelo zokujikeleza amanzi, izindawo zokubamba amanethi, izindawo zokuzalela izinhlanzi, noma izitshalo zokucubungula, izindunduma zamanzi amdaka ezivela ekulinyweni kwesalmon ziyisihluthulelo sokuhambisana nemvelo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusimama kwesikhathi eside.
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) yinkampani ehamba phambili e-China ekhiqiza amathangi enziwe ngobuchwepheshe, enikeza ngala mathangi anezici ezilandelayo:
Ububuchwepheshe bezinto ezithuthukisiwe (i-GFS, i-FBE, insimbi engagqwali, i-hybrid)
Izixazululo zamarroof namakepisi enziwe ngokwezifiso
Ubufakazi bamazwe omhlaba kanye nezinhlelo zekhwalithi
Okuhlangenwe nakho emaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke
Ukusekelwa okuphelele kwezobunjiniyela
Hlanganyela ne-Center Enamel ematankini amanzi amdaka ezinkomo ezikhiqiza i-salmon ezisebenza ngokuthembekile, zihambisana namazinga omhlaba, futhi zisekela izinhloso zakho zokuphatha amanzi — manje nasemvakweni.
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