Ithangi Lamanzi Avuselelwe Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ukuhlanganiswa Kokuphakelwa Kukamasipala Nokugaywa Kabusha
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lamanzi Abuyiselwe Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ukuhlangana Kokuhlinzekwa Kukamasipala Nokugaywa Kabusha
Ithangi lamanzi abuyiselwe lesikhungo sedatha lisebenza njengesivikelo phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kukamasipala okuguquguqukayo kanye nomfudlana obuyiselwe wekhwalithi ehlukile: uhlanganisa futhi ulawule ethangini, ugcine umthamo oxutshiwe njengendawo yokugcina eqinile, futhi ushintshe imithombo ngokusekelwe ekhwalithini yamanzi nokutholakala kwayo esikhundleni sohlelo olumisiwe, ukuze imisebenzi yokupholisa nokusetshenziswa kabusha ibone ukuhlinzekwa okungaguquki.
Isingeniso
Isikhungo sedatha esihlose ukusebenza ngamanzi kamasipala kanye namanzi abuyiselwe asetshenzisiwe asiwaphethi ngempela amanzi amabili ahlukene; siphetha isidingo esisodwa sokupholisa nokucubungula esenzeka ngokuthi sithole amanzi emithonjeni emibili enokuziphatha okuhluke kakhulu. Amanzi kamasipala afika ngaphansi kwesimo sokucindezela nekhwalithi esibekwe yinkampani yezinsiza, aneziphazamiso, ukuncishiswa kokucindezela kanye nemikhawulo yesizini ongenalo igunya lokuyilawula. Amanzi abuyiselwe asetshenzisiwe afika evela ohlelweni lokuhlanza olunomkhawulo wekhwalithi obunjwe umthombo wangenhla kanye nenqubo yokubuyisela. Ithangi liyisici esisodwa esivumela ukuthi kokubili ukuphakelwa kusebenze umsebenzi owodwa, oqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuthi isitshalo sidinge ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amanzi asethangini noma nini.
Le ndatshana ibhekana nenkinga yokuhlanganisa njengoba uminjiniyela engayibheka: imithombo emibili nokuthi kungani ukuhlukahluka kwazo kwehluka, izinga lekhwalithi amanzi avuselelwe aletha kona, ukuthi ingxube ilawulwa kanjani, nokuthi kungani isitoreji siyisixhumanisi esenza ingxube izinze futhi ilawuleke. Ibese ihlanganisa ikhemistri yokufakwa kwezinto zokugqoka endaweni yokusebenza okuxubile, ukuhlolwa nokushintshwa kwengqondo, kanye nemikhawulo yezivumelwano neyokulawula ebopha lonke uhlelo. Lapho isitatimende sincike kumgangatho noma ekubalweni, siyashiwo; okunye kuwukucabanga kobunjiniyela ongakusebenzisa kuphrojekthi.
Akukho hlobo lwethangi elilodwa okucatshangwa ngalo. Insimbi ehlanganisiwe, insimbi eshiselwe, ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi kanye nemikhumbi yensimbi engagqwali konke kuvela emsebenzini wokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi, futhi ukukhethwa kwegobolondo kanye nokufakwa kwangaphakathi kulandela ikhemistri yamanzi ahlanganisiwe hhayi igama elisemgqeni wesakhiwo.
Imithombo emibili, isidingo esisodwa
Ukuqhuba isidingo esisodwa sisuka emithonjeni emibili kusebenza kuphela uma isitshalo sibona ukunikezwa okukodwa, okuzinzile. Imibhoshongo yokupholisa, uhlelo lwamanzi okugcwalisa kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa kabusha azinandaba nokuthi amanzi avela kumgwaqo kamasipala noma kulayini wokubuyisela; zikhathazeka ngokugeleza, ingcindezi kanye nekhemistri endaweni yokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke inkinga yokuhlanganisa iwukuvumelanisa iziphakeli ezimbili ezingavumelani kukho konke lokhu kuthathu.
Iphuzu lokubuyisana yithangi. Amanzi avela kunoma yimuphi umthombo angena ethangini, ithangi ligcina isiqiwu esibhekana nesidingo ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa, futhi amanzi aphuma ethangini ahlanganiswe ngokwanele ukuthi umsebenzi ubone isilinganiso esimaphakathi esikhundleni sokushintsha kwesigaba. Ngaphandle kwaleso sibambiso, konke ukwehla kwengcindezi kamasipala noma konke ukuphuma kwekhwalithi yokubuyiselwa kuba umcimbi obonakalayo ohlelweni lokupholisa, futhi isitshalo silahlekelwa inzuzo ebesiyilandela.
Ukuhlinzekwa kamasipala nokuhlukahluka kwayo
Ukuhlinzekwa kukamasipala ngokuvamile kuyinto elindelekile kakhulu kulezi zimbili kumakhemikhali kodwa engalindelekile kakhulu ekutholakaleni. Insiza isetha ingcindezi futhi ingase ibeke imikhawulo ngesikhathi sesomiso noma isidingo esiphezulu, futhi ukuxhumana kungaphazanyiswa ngenxa yokulungiswa noma isigameko. Ikhwalithi yamanzi ngokwayo ngokuvamile iyafana futhi isezingeni lamanzi okuphuza, okwenza kube yisisekelo esithembekile sokuhlanganisa.
Ukuhlukahluka okuhleliwe yi-ukulethwa, hhayi izinga. Usayiza isiqiwu ukuze ithangi lihlanganise isidingo sokugcwalisa okupholile nokusetshenziswa kabusha isikhathi sokunqamuka komthombo kamasipala okungenzeka, futhi usetha indlela yokugcwalisa kabusha ukuze umthombo kamasipala obuyisiwe ungafiki ngokushesha kunalokho ithangi nesakhiwo sokungena kungakwamukela. I-backflow prevention assembly iyadingeka noma kuphi lapho amasistimu okusetshenziswa kabusha kanye namanzi okuphuza asondelene ngokwanele ukuba axhumane, futhi ukukhethwa kwale assembly kanye nokunakekelwa kwayo kuyinto yezomthetho, hhayi into yobunjiniyela nje.
Amanzi avuselelwe kanye nesimo sekhwalithi yawo
Amanzi avuselelwe anesimo sekhwalithi esichazwa umsuka wawo nokwelashwa kwawo. Amapharamitha umhleli ajwayele ukuwalandelela i-turbidity kanye ne-total suspended solids, i-conductivity kanye ne-total dissolved solids, i-hardness kanye ne-silica, i-alkalinity, isihlanzi esisele, kanye nenkomba ye-microbiological efana ne-heterotrophic plate count. Lawa ngamapharamitha afanayo ashayela ukunqwabelana kwamanzi okupholisa, ukungcola kanye nokugqwala, ngakho-ke umfudlana ovuselelwe uhlolwa ngokumelene nokubekezelela kwesistimu yokupholisa, hhayi ngokumelene nethebula lamanzi okuphuza.
I-envelope ayilungisiwe. Ihamba ngenqubo yase-upstream, ngomthwalo wesizini, nangokusebenza kwesitimela sokubuyisela, yingakho ukusetshenziswa okubuyiselwe kuhlelwa ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo esikhundleni sesampula eyodwa yokwamukela. Lapho amanani ezinkomba ephuma ngaphandle kwe-envelope, isitshalo sidinga impendulo echaziwe: ukuphambukisa, ukuxuba phansi ngamanzi kamasipala, noma ukubamba ethangini kuze kube yilapho isitimela siphinda sisebenza kahle.
Isu lokuxuba nokulawula
Ukuxuba kwenziwa ukuze kugcinwe amanzi axutshiwe ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana umsebenzi ongakwamukela. Ukulawula okulula kakhulu ukuxuba ngesilinganiso esingeneni, lapho imifudlana kamasipala nebuyiselwe ilinganiswa khona futhi ingxenye kamasipala inyuswa noma nini lapho izinga lokubuyiselwa lehla. Ukuhlelwa okulawulekayo kakhulu kuxuba ngaphakathi ethangini ngokudonsa emseleni kamasipala ukuze kugcwaliswe kuyilapho amanzi abuyiselwe egcwalisa okusele, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe ethangini kuhlala kuyingxube.
Umgomo wokulawula ngokuvamile uwukulinganisa ukuhamba kukagesi noma izinga eliphezulu lezinto ezincibilikile ezincibilikayo kanye nezinga eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo ezincane, ngoba yilezo zinto eziyizindinganiso ezilawula ngokuqondile ukukhishwa kwamanzi ku-cooling tower nokungcola. Amaphuzu okusetha avela ohlelweni lokwelapha amanzi okupholisa, hhayi kumhlinzeki wethangi, ngakho-ke umqondo wokulawula ithangi kufanele uhlelwe ngokuhambisana nezinombolo ezinikezwa unjiniyela wokwelapha amanzi. Ingxubevange ehlangabezana nomgomo wamakhemikhali kodwa edlula umthamo wokugcina okhona ukuyenza ibe nokulingana akuwona umklamo osebenzayo.
Isitoreji njengokuxhumana phakathi kwemithombo
Isitoreji siyisixhumanisi phakathi kwemithombo emibili ngoba simunca ukungafani phakathi kokutholakala kwayo kanye nejika lesidingo. Ukuhlinzekwa kukamasipala kungase kuvinjwe ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho umthwalo wokupholisa ufinyelela umvuthwandaba; isitimela esibuyiselwe singase sikhiqize lapho isidingo siphansi. Ithangi ligcina okusalayo kwanoma yimuphi umthombo ophambili futhi likukhiphe lapho omunye usalela emuva.
Nakhu futhi lapho isikhathi sokuhlala siba yingxenye yokuklama. Ithangi eligcina amanzi ahlanganisiwe isikhathi eside kakhulu lingaba nengozi yokukhula kwezinto eziphilayo uma isibulala-magciwane sincipha; elijika ngokushesha kakhulu alinikezi uhlelo lokulawula isikhala sokulinganisa ukwehla nokukhuphuka. Ngakho-ke umthamo osebenzisekayo unqunywa yimikhawulo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukumboza kokungabikho okudingwa umsebenzi, kanye nesikhathi sokuhlala esivunyelwa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi. Umthamo ojwayelekile, umthamo osebenzisekayo kanye nomthamo otholakalayo ngempela ngemuva kokudonswa kwamanzi nezexwayiso zezinga eliphansi kuyizinombolo ezihlukene futhi kufanele zishiwo kanjalo.
Ukufakwa kwezingubo zethangi kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali wamanzi emsebenzini ohlanganisiwe
Isevisi ehlanganisiwe iyinkinga yekhemistri kulayini, ngoba ithangi manje libona kokubili umfudlana wezinga lokuphuza nokufudlana okubuyiselwe okungase kube nezinga eliphezulu lezinto ezincibilikile, i-chloride ephezulu noma umthwalo omkhulu wamagciwane kuye ngomthombo. Ulayini owamukelekayo komunye ungase ube ngezansi kwalokho okulindelekile kwinhlanganisela.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokumboza amathangi ensimbi kulawulwa yi-AWWA D102, echaza izinhlelo zokumboza amathangi ensimbi okugcina amanzi; ekwakhiweni kwe-glass-fused-to-steel ukumbozwa kwe-vitreous enamel kuyinto yokumboza evuthiwe okubhekiselwa kuyo nge-ISO 28765 yokuklama nokukhiqiza amathangi ambozwe nge-vitreous-enamel, kanti kwinsimbi engagqwali (stainless) into ngokwayo iyisivimbelo sokugqwala. Ukukhetha kwenziwa ngokwezigaba ze-chloride ne-conductivity yamanzi ahlanganisiwe nangokuthi umsebenzi uhlobene namanzi okuphuza yini, ngoba ingxube ye-reclaimed engeyona eyokuphuza ivamise ukwabelana ngesakhiwo nezingozi zamanzi okuphuza futhi ukwehlukaniswa kufanele kube ngokomzimba kanye nangokubhalisiwe.
Ukuqapha nokuhlela kokushintsha
Ukuqapha kwazisa uhlelo lokulawula ukuthi lushintshe nini, futhi ukushintsha kuyisenzo esigcina inhlanganisela ingaphakathi kwemikhawulo. Isethi yezinsimbi zokulinganisa encane iyisidlulisimazinga kuthangi, izilinganisi zokugeleza emnyangweni ngamunye wokungena, nezinzwa eziku-inthanethi zamapharamitha alawula inhlanganisela, ngokuvamile i-conductivity nesibulali magciwane noma into emele amagciwane. Uhlelo lwabe seluqhathanisa umfudlana ngamunye ongenayo nemikhawulo yawo ngaphambi kokuba wamukelwe.
Imithetho yokushintsha ichazwa njengethebula lezimo nezenzo: uma izinga lokusetshenziswa kabusha lingaphandle kwebanga elivumelekile, phambukisa endaweni yokubamba noma wehlise ingxenye yalo; uma ingcindezi kamasipala ingaphansi kwezinga elimisiwe, khulisa ingxenye esetshenziswa kabusha kuze kufike ezingeni eliphezulu lokuxuba; uma zombili zingahambisani, sebenzisa isitoreji esigciniwe futhi uphakamise isexwayiso. Isitoreji siwumugqa wokugcina, hhayi owokuqala, futhi ukulandelana kwezexwayiso kubonisa lokho.
Imikhawulo yezinkontileka neyemithetho
Amanzi asetshenziswa kabusha alawulwa yinkontileka kanye nomthetho ngaphambi kokuba alawulwe ubunjiniyela. Isivumelwano sokuhlinzeka ngokubuyisela sichaza izinga, inani, ukuqhubeka kanye nelungelo lokushintsha noma yikuphi kwalokho; uhlaka lomthetho luchaza ukuthi amanzi asetshenziswa kabusha angaya kuphi nokuthi kufanele abe nokwehlukaniswa okunjani ezinhlelweni zamanzi okuphuza. Akukho okukhethekile, futhi kokubili kushintsha ukwakheka kwethangi.
Imikhawulo esebenzayo ihlanganisa imfuneko yokuvimbela ukubuyela emuva nokuhlukaniswa komoya okungokwemvelo lapho amasistimu okusetshenziswa kabusha namanzi aphuzwayo kungenzeka ukuthi ahlangane khona, izimpawu nokulebula imigqa esetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nendawo yokuthatha ebhalisiwe lapho umthwalo wemfanelo wekhwalithi yamanzi udlula khona kusuka kumqhubi wokusetshenziswa kabusha kuya esikhungweni sedatha. Ithangi elakhiwe ngokufanele kodwa elingakwazi ukukhombisa lokho kuhlukaniswa ngeke livunyelwe, ngakho lezi zinto kufanele zibe kusipesifikeshini kusukela kumdwebo wokuqala.
Ukuhlinzekwa Okusetshenziswa Kabusha Nokukamasipala: Ukuziphatha Endaweni Yokuhlanganisa
Isici | Ukuhlinzekwa Kukamasipala | Amanzi Asetshenziswa Kabusha | Lokho Ithangi Elikuthathayo |
Ukuhlukahluka okuyinhloko | Ukutholakala nengcindezi | Ikhwelo lekhwalithi | Ukukhishwa kwesikhathi sokuphazamiseka nokulinganiswa kokudlulela kwekhwalithi |
Izinga lekhwalithi elijwayelekile | Izinga lamanzi okuphuza | Kuncike enqubweni | Ukuhlanganiswa kwesilinganiso sezinto ezixubile |
Isilawuli sokulawula | Ingxenye yokugcwalisa | Isango lokungena mayelana nekhwalithi | Ingxube yesilinganiso esangweni lokungena |
Ingozi elawulayo | Ukuphazamiseka | Ukushintsha kwamakhemikhali | Isitoreji esigciniwe njengomugqa wokugcina |
Into yezomthetho | Ukuvimbela ukugeleza emuva | Ukuhlukanisa nokulebula | Indawo yokuthatha ebhaliwe |
Ukulawula Ukuhlanganisa: Isimo, Isenzo Kanye Nesigcinimafa
Isimo Esilinganisiwe | Isenzo Sokulawula | Umthelela Wokuxuba | Indima Yokugcina |
Ikhwalithi ebuyisiwe ngaphandle kwesikhwama | Yehlisa ingxenye noma phambukisa ukuze ubambe | Hlanza ngamanzi kamasipala | Akukadwetshwa okwamanje |
Ingcindezi kamasipala ingaphansi kwephoyinti elimisiwe | Khuphula ingxenye ebuyisiwe iye esicongweni | Gcina ukugeleza | Isivikelo uma okubuyiselwe nakho kuphansi |
Yomibili imithombo yonakele | Khipha isitoreji esigciniwe, isexwayiso | Bamba umsebenzi | Ikhava eyinhloko |
I-conductivity ngaphezu komgomo | Khuphula ingxenye kamasipala | Yehlisa izinto eziqinile ezincibilikile | Isivikelo ngesikhathi kulungiswa |
Isikhathi sokuhlala side kakhulu | Khuphula ukujika, bulala amagciwane | Khawulela ukukhula kwezinto eziphilayo | Umthamo ulinganiswe kabusha |
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd.) iklama futhi yakha amathangi okugcina insimbi eboliwe, amathangi ensimbi ashiselelwe, amathangi e-epoxy ahlanganiswe ngokuncibilika, amathangi ane-zinc, izitsha zensimbi engagqwali, izitsha zengcindezi, uphahla lwedome le-aluminium eliyi-geodesic kanye nophahla oluntantayo. Inkampani inolwazi lokukhiqiza olungaphezu kweminyaka engu-30 futhi isihlinzeke ngemishini kumaphrojekthi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Uphahla lwedome le-aluminium eliyi-geodesic luklanywa futhi lwakhiwe ngokwe-API 650 Appendix G, AWWA D108, i-Aluminum Design Manual, i-ASCE 7 kanye ne-IBC, futhi inkampani yathuthukisa futhi yathumela ngaphandle uphahla lwedome le-aluminium elingamamitha angu-72 ububanzi ngo-2023. Ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa, ukumboza, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nesevisi yasendaweni kusingathwa njengomsebenzi owodwa, yingakho imidwebo, isisekelo sokubala kanye nezingxenyekazi ezilethiwe kungahlanganiswa ndawonye.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ingabe isikhungo sedatha sihlanganisa kanjani amanzi agaywe kabusha namanzi kamasipala?
Ukuhlanganisa kwenziwa ethangini noma ngaphambi kwalo, hhayi endaweni yokusetshenziswa. Ulinganisa imifudlana kamasipala neyokubuyiselwa futhi ulawula ingxenye kamasipala inyuke noma nini lapho izinga lokubuyiselwa lehla ngaphandle komkhawulo walo, noma uhlanganisa ngaphakathi ethangini ngokwengeza ngamanzi kamasipala ngenkathi okubuyiselwe kugcwalisa okusele. Amaphuzu okusetha alawula ukuhlanganisa avela ohlelweni lokwelapha amanzi okupholisa, ngoba inhloso ukugcina ukuhamba kukagesi, izinto eziqinile ezincibilikile kanye nomthwalo wamagciwane ngaphakathi kokubekezelela okungamukeleka kohlelo lokupholisa.
Yiluphi izinga lamanzi agaywe kabusha adingekayo ukuze asetshenziswe ekupholiseni?
Ekuhwabeni, amanzi avuselelwe ayafaneleka ngezilinganiso eziqondisa ukwanda kwesikala, ukungcola kanye nokugqwala esikhundleni semikhawulo yamanzi okuphuza. Lokho okulandelelayo ukungcola nokugcwala okuphelele kokumisiwe, ukuhamba kukagesi nokuncibilika okuphelele kokumisiwe, ubulukhuni, i-silica, i-alkalinity, isibulali-ngciwangciwangci esisele kanye nenkomba yezinto eziphilayo ezincane njengesibalo samapuleti e-heterotrophic. Izilinganiso ezamukelekayo zibekwa uhlelo lokwelapha amanzi okupholisa kanye nokubekezelela kombhoshongo wokupholisa, futhi ziqashwa ngokuqhubekayo ngoba indawo yamanzi avuselelwe ihamba ngenqubo yaphezulu kanye nohlelo lokuvuselela.
Kungani isitoreji sidingeka phakathi kwemithombo emibili yamanzi?
Isitoreji sithatha ukungafani phakathi kwemithombo emibili engalokothi itholakale ngesilinganiso esifanayo nesidingo. Ukuhlinzekwa kukamasipala kungase kuvinjwe lapho umthwalo wokupholisa uphakeme; uhlelo lokubuyisela lungakhiqiza lapho isidingo siphansi. Ithangi ligcina okusele kwanoma yimuphi umthombo ophambili futhi likukhulule lapho omunye usemuva, futhi lihambisa isitshalo phakathi nokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa okungekho mthombo owodwa ongakwazi ukukukhokhela yedwa. Linikeza futhi uhlelo lokulawula isikhathi sokuhlala ukuze lulinganise ukuphambuka kwekhwalithi esikhundleni sokukudlulisa ngqo.
Ingabe ingxube ilawulwa kanjani?
Ukulawulwa kwenziwa ngokulinganisa okuphilayo kanye nethebula lezenzo elichaziwe. Ama-flow meter endaweni yokungena ngayinye kanye ne-level transmitter ethangini yizinto eziyisisekelo; i-conductivity kanye ne-disinfectant noma i-microbiological proxy yizinto ezivame ukuvumela ukungena. I-stream ngayinye engenayo iqhathaniswa ne-envelope yayo ngaphambi kokuba ingene. Uma izinga lokusetshenziswa kabusha lihlehla ngaphandle, wehlisa ingxenye yalo noma uliphambukisela ekubambeni; uma ingcindezi kamasipala yehla, wenyusa ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kabusha ifinyelele esicongweni sayo sokuxuba; uma kokubili kwehluleka, udonsa isitoreji esigciniwe futhi ukhale imikhala. Isitoreji siwumugqa wokugcina, hhayi owokuqala.
Yiluphi uphawu lwangaphakathi olufanele ukusebenza kwamanzi ahlanganisiwe?
I-lining ilandela ikhemistri yamanzi ahlanganisiwe, ngoba ithangi manje libona kokubili umfudlana wezinga lokuphuza kanye nomfudlana ophinde usetshenziswe ongase ube nezingxube ezincibilikile noma i-chloride eyengeziwe. Emathangini ensimbi, izinhlelo zokumboza zikhethwa ngaphansi kwe-AWWA D102; ensimbini ehlanganiswe nengilazi i-vitreous enamel lining kubhekiselwa kuyo nge-ISO 28765; ensimbi engagqwali i-alloy ngokwayo iyisivikelo. Lapho ingxube ephinde isetshenziswe yabelana ngesakhiwo nengcuphe yamanzi okuphuza, ukuhlukaniswa kufanele kube ngokomzimba kanye nokubhalwe phansi, futhi ukukhethwa kwe-lining kubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi useduze namanzi okuphuza yini.
Ushintsha kanjani phakathi kwemithombo?
Ukushintsha kuqhutshwa yisethi yokuqapha, hhayi iwashi. Uhlelo lokulawula lwamukela umfudlana ngamunye kuphela ngenkathi usengaphakathi kwesigaba sawo esivumelekile, futhi lushintsha ingxenye yokuhlanganisa ngokuphendula ikhwalithi elinganisiwe nokutholakala. Ingcindezi kamasipala engaphansi kwephoyinti elibekiwe ikhuphula ingxenye yamanzi abuyiselwe afinyelela esicongweni sokuhlanganisa; ukweqa kwamanzi abuyiselwe kuyanciphisa noma kuqondise umfudlana edamu lokugcina. Isitoreji esigciniwe simboza isikhala ngesikhathi sokwehluleka okukabili. Konke ukushintsha kuyabhalwa ukuze irekhodi lekhwalithi lamanzi aphuma ethangini likwazi ukwakhiwa kabusha ngemuva kwesigameko.
Yimiphi imikhawulo yezomthetho esebenza emanzini agaywe kabusha?
Amanzi avuselelwe alawulwa yinkontileka yokuhlinzeka kanye nemithetho ngaphambi kokuba ubunjiniyela buqale. Isivumelwano sokuvuselela sichaza izinga, inani, ukuqhubeka kanye nelungelo lokushintsha lezi zinto; uhlaka lwemithetho luchaza ukuthi amanzi avuselelwe angasetshenziswa kuphi nokuthi iyiphi inhlukaniso ayidingayo kumasistimu amanzi okuphuza. Izidingo ezijwayelekile ukuvimbela ukuhlehla kwamanzi kanye nesikhala somoya esibonakalayo lapho amasistimu angaxhumana khona, ukulebula imigqa yamanzi avuselelwe, kanye nendawo yokuthatha ebhaliwe yezinga lamanzi. Ithangi elingakwazi ukukhombisa leyo nhlukaniso ngeke livunyelwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isakhiwo salo sinjani.
Ukuhlanganisa amanzi kamasipala namanzi agaywe kabusha ekuhlinzekweni kwedatha eyodwa kuyinkinga yokugcina nokulawula ngaphambi kokuba kube yinkinga yokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ithangi liyisivikelo esiguqula iziphakeli ezimbili eziguquguqukayo, eziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile zibe yisitoreji esisodwa esizinzile, futhi umqondo wokuhlanganisa nokushintsha yiwo ogcina umsebenzi ungaphakathi kokubekezelela kwakho kwamakhemikhali lapho noma yimuphi umthombo unyakaza.
Iziphathimandla zobunjiniyela ezilandelayo ziwukukhethwa kwezinto zokugqoka zangaphakathi kwekhemistri ehlanganisiwe, isethi yokuqapha eqhuba ukushintsha, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinkontileka nezinqubomgomo okwenza leli lungiselelo libe semthethweni. Shono umthamo osebenzisekayo uma uqhathaniswa nakho kokubili ukuphazamiseka okufanele ukubhekane nakho kanye nesikhathi sokuhlala esivunyelwa amanzi, shono izinga lokugqoka noma lokumboza elisebenzayo, futhi bhala imithetho yokushintsha njengethebula lombandela nesenzo. Sithumelele izinhlobo ezimbili zekhwalithi yomthombo, iphrofayili yezidingo kanye nohlaka lwezinqubomgomo, futhi sizokubuyisela incazelo yethangi nokulawula eyakhelwe ekuhlanganiseni kunokuba yakhelwe ekunikezelweni okukodwa.
Khuluma Nethimba Lethu Lobunjiniyela
Thumela umsebenzi, isisekelo somthamo, ikhodi elawulayo kanye nemikhawulo yesiza, futhi ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lizobuya nencazelo yokucaciswa abahlinzeki abangayikhokhela futhi umhloli angayigunyaza. Sizokutshela futhi ngokucacile lapho uhlobo oluhlukile lwethangi noma umkhakha ohlukile kuyimpendulo engcono.
WhatsApp