Ithangi Lamanzi Avuselelwe Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ukuhlanganiswa Kokuphakelwa Kukamasipala Nokugaywa Kabusha
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lamanzi Avuselelwe Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ukuhlinzekwa Kukamasipala Nokuhlanganiswa Kokusetshenziswa Kabusha
Ithangi lamanzi avuselelwe kabusha lesikhungo sedatha lamukela amanzi ahlanjululwe kamasipala ngomhubhe okhethekile wamanzi angaphuzwa, iwagcine njengendawo eyodwa yokugcina, bese iwaxuba nemifudlana egaywe kabusha yasendaweni ukuze kusetshenziswe emishinini yokupholisa kanye nokunye ukusetshenziswa okungekho ngamanzi aphuzwayo. Isici esivelele ukungena ngamapayipi amabili: amanzi avuselelwe kabusha awakaze abe nomhubhe ofanayo namanzi aphuzwayo, futhi ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi kuvikela uhlelo lokupholisa ekukhupheni ngokweqile kwe-conductivity, imisoco noma amagciwane. Ukulinganisa kulandela inkontileka yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi avuselelwe kabusha kanye nesidingo sasendaweni samanzi angaphuzwa, hhayi umjikelezo wamanzi abandayo, futhi ukugcwalisa kwangaphakathi kufanele kubekezele amanzi angenayo aguquguqukayo, avame ukuba ne-conductivity ephezulu.
Izindawo eziningi ezinezingcindezi zamanzi manje zihlinzeka ngamanzi avuselelwe (alashwe okwesithathu kamasipala) njengomsebenzi wensiza, futhi izikhungo zedatha ziphakathi kwabathathi abakhulu abafanelekile ngoba iningi lesidingo sazo ukupholisa, hhayi ukusetshenziswa ngabantu. Ukuhlinzekwa ngamanzi avuselelwe kunganciphisa kakhulu ukudonswa kwamanzi aphuzwayo ekhempasini, kodwa kuphela uma ukungenisa, ukugcina nokuxuba kwakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi amanzi angcolile kamasipala aguquguqukayo angalimazi imibhoshongo yokupholisa noma angangcolisi ingqalasizinda yamanzi aphuzwayo. Ukwehluleka kuyabikezelwa: umugqa owodwa oxutshiwe, ithangi elilinganiswe ngokwesidingo esingalungile, noma ukuntuleka kokuqapha emnyango wokungenisa ukubamba ukukhishwa kwekhwalithi.
Lo mhlahlandlela usebenza ithangi lamanzi avuselelwe lesikhungo sedatha kusukela ekungeneni kukamasipala kuya ekuqapheni kuze kufike ekuxubeni, futhi ubeka izinqumo zezinto zokwakha nosayizi ezigcina isitoreji siphephile, sihlukanisiwe futhi sithembekile.
Ukungena Kwamapayipi Amabili: Ukugcina Amanzi Avuselelwe Ehlukile Kumanzi Okuphuza
Amanzi avuselelwe afika ngomzila wawo oqondile ongawamanzi okuphuza, futhi lokho kuhlukanisa kuwumthetho owodwa ongenakushintshwa wohlelo. Ukuhlelwa kwamapayipi amabili yikho okuvumela ikhampasi ukuthi ithenge amanzi avuselelwe ngesilinganiso esikhulu ngaphandle kokudala ingozi yokuxhumana okunqamulelayo.
1. Isevisi ezinikezelwe yokubuyisela. Amapayipi ahlukene anomitha avela kuhlinzeki wamandla, anombala onsundu ngokwesiko, aletha amanzi angcolile asetshenzisiwe asehlanjululwe ezingeni lesithathu emngceleni wesiza.
2. Indandatho ehlukaniswe ngokomzimba esizeni. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi abuyisiwe akwabelani noma iyiphi i-tee, i-valve noma isixhumi nendandatho yamanzi okuphuza; ukuhlukaniswa kwe-air-gap noma i-break-tank evikelwe ekuhlehleleni kwamanzi kusetshenziswa noma kuphi lapho lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zisondelana khona.
3. Akukho ukuxhumana okuqondile namanzi okuphuza. Noma yikuphi ukugcwaliswa kwamanzi okuphuza kungena nge-air gap, hhayi ngepayipi eliqinile, ukuze ukuhlehla kwengcindezi kungakwazi ukuhambisa amanzi abuyisiwe emthonjeni wokuphuza.
Ithangi liyimpahla yokuqala esizeni egcwaliswa umsele wamanzi abuyisiwe, ngakho-ke ukucaciswa kwayo nokulebula kwayo kubeka isimo sayo yonke inqubo yamanzi angaphuzwa.
Ukuqapha Ikhwalithi: Ukuvikela Uhlelo Lokupholisa
I-effluent yedolobha elisetshenzisiwe iyahlukahluka ngenkampani kanye nesizini, ngakho-ke ukuqapha kokungena yikho okukuvumela ukuthi uyisebenzise ngokuphephile kuma-cooling towers. Ama-cooling towers agxilisa izinto ezincibilikile; ukudla okunomthamo ophezulu wokuhamba kukagesi okusetshenzisiwe kusheshisa ukunqwabelana nokugqwala ngaphandle uma i-blowdown ne-dosing zilungiselelwe kukho.
· Ukuhamba kukagesi ne-TDS. Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kuvimbela ukudla futhi kubangela ukuxutshwa noma ukulungiswa kwe-blowdown lapho umfudlana osetshenzisiwe wehla uphezulu.
· I-nitrogen ekhishwa umoya kanye nezakhamzimba. Ukwelashwa kwesithathu kuhlose lezi, kodwa ukuqapha kwendawo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhayoloji yombhoshongo ihlala ilawulwa.
· Ukuhlolwa kwemicrobial. Ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile kunciphisa ingozi ye-legionella ne-biofilm, ikakhulukazi lapho amanzi asetshenzisiwe agcinwa efudumele noma isikhathi eside.
· I-turbidity nombala. Isikhombisi esisheshayo sokuphazamiseka kokwelashwa kwangaphambili okufanele kuhlukanise ithangi ku-loop yokupholisa.
Ukuqapha kuguqula umthombo wangaphandle oguquguqukayo ube yisitoreji sangaphakathi esilawulekayo; ngaphandle kwako, umbhoshongo uvezwa yinoma yini ethunyelwa yinkampani yezinsiza.
Ipharamitha | Kungani ibalulekile | Isenzo esijwayelekile lapho kwenzeka ukuphambuka |
I-Conductivity / TDS | Kuholela ekwandeni kwe-scaling nezinga lokukhishwa kwamanzi | Khulisa ukukhishwa kwamanzi, hlanganisa nomthombo we-TDS ephansi |
I-N e-oxidisable / izakhamzimba | Ibhayoloji yombhoshongo nokukhula kwe-algae | Qinisekisa ukulinganisa, khawulela izinga lokuphakelwa |
Isibalo samagciwane | Ingozi ye-Legionella ne-biofilm | Bulala amagciwane, hlukanisa ekusetshenzisweni kabusha okukhipha i-aerosol |
Ukungacaci | Isignali yokuphazamiseka kokwelashwa kwangaphambili | Gcina ithangi, xwayisa inkampani yezinsiza |
Ukuhlanganisa Nokugaywa Kabusha Kwasendaweni
Ithangi elivuselelwe liyindawo yokuhlanganisa lapho amanzi avuselelwe kamasipala ehlangana nemifudlana egaywe kabusha yasendaweni ngaphambi kokufakwa emibhoshongweni yokupholisa. Ukuhlanganisa kwenza ukuguquguquka kokuhlinzekwa kube lula futhi kusebenzise kahle kakhulu imithombo yomibili.
· Okugaywe kabusha kanye namanzi avuniwe noma agaywe kabusha e-greywater. Amanani agaywe kabusha asendaweni agcwalisa isiqiwu esivuselelwe ngesikhathi sokufuna ukupholisa okuphezulu noma lapho ukuhlinzekwa kamasipala kuvinjelwe.
· Inhlanganisela elinganiselwe ngokukwazi ukuqhuba ugesi. Isilinganiso senhlanganisela sibekwa ukuze ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kuhlale ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokugxilwa okwamukelekayo yombhoshongo, okubalwa kusukela ku-TDS yomfula ngamunye.
· Isethi yamaphampu okugcwalisa. Amaphampu okugcwalisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa adonsa kusuka endaweni yokugcina ehlanganisiwe, hhayi ngqo kumapayipi amanzi avuselelwe, ngakho ukuphazamiseka ekuhlinzekweni kukamasipala akubangeli ukuthi imibhoshongo ilahlekelwe ngokushesha.
Ngakho-ke ithangi lisebenza njengebhuferi nesihlanganisi: limunca ukushintshashintsha kokuhlinzeka futhi lilethe ukudla okungaguquki, okuqashwe, ohlelweni lokupholisa.
Isitoreji: Impahla, Ukuqedwa Kanye Nokungena Okuguquguqukayo
Amanzi avuselelwe avame ukuthwala izingxenye ezincibilikile eziphezulu futhi eziguquguqukayo kunamanzi okuphuza, ngakho-ke isembozo sethangi kufanele sibekezelele leyo khemistri ngaphandle kokuwohloka. Insimbi eboshiwe enesembozo esiqinisekisiwe esingasebenzi iyisinqumo esijwayelekile.
· I-GFS (ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi). I-enamel eshiswe ku-820–930 °C inikeza isikhumba sangaphakathi esibushelelezi, esimelana namakhemikhali (Ra < 0.8 µm) esimelana ne-pH nokuhamba kukagesi okuguquguqukayo futhi kulula ukusihlola.
· I-FBE (i-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokuncibilika). Isembozo esibhalisiwe sezindawo ezidinga izinga elithile lokumboza kanye nokubekezelela amakhemikhali okuchaziwe.
· Indawo evaliwe, eqashwe. Uphahla oluphephile, amazinga kanye nokulawula ukuchichima, kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlanza kugcina isitoreji sizinzile phakathi kokulethwa.
Ukufakwa kwe-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-lining iyamukeleka ekuxhumaneni namanzi ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa kabusha okungewona okuphuzwayo, okuyisitifiketi esifanele sesitoreji esisetshenzisiwe nakuba umsebenzi wokugcina kuwukupholisa, hhayi ukuphuza.
Impahla | Ukuqedwa kwangaphakathi | Ukubekezelela i-TDS eguquguqukayo | Imibhalo yokumboza |
I-GFS eboshiwe | I-Enamel, Ra < 0.8 µm | Phezulu (engenakusabela, ebushelelezi) | ISO 28765, ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi 1,500 V DC |
I-FBE eboshiwe | Ukumboza nge-epoxy | Phezulu (ibanga le-pH elilinganiselwe) | I-spec yokufaka i-lining yesitayela se-AWWA C550 |
I-Galvanized (ilinganiselwe) | I-Zinc | Ilinganiselwe | Isitifiketi sokuqoshwa kwe-Zinc |
Ukulinganisa Ukuhlinzeka Ngesivumelwano Sokuhlinzeka Nokufunwa
Ithangi lamanzi abuyisiwe lilinganiswa ngokwesivumelwano sokuhlinzeka ngamandla kanye nokufunwa kwamanzi angaphuzwa esizeni, kanye nebhendi yokuphazamiseka kokulethwa. Izinto ezintathu zokufaka zibeka umthamo.
4. Izinga lokuhlinzeka ngesivumelwano nokuthembeka. Izinga eliphezulu nelijwayelekile lokulethwa kusuka emthonjeni wamanzi ohlanjululwayo kamasipala, kufaka phakathi umlando wokuphazamiseka.
5. Isidingo esiphezulu samanzi angaphuzwa. Isidingo esihlangene sokupholisa, sokugcwalisa nokunisela esikhathini sokuklama.
6. Isigcino sokuphazamiseka. Umthamo ogcina isiza sidlula ekumisweni kokuhlinzeka noma ekubanjweni kwekhwalithi ngaphandle kokwehla ngaphansi kwesixwayiso sezinga eliphansi.
Ithangi eliwumphumela livumela insizakalo kamasipala eguquguqukayo ukuthi ihlinzeke isidingo sokupholisa esizinzile, futhi inikeza isikhala sokuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwendawo lapho ukuhlinzeka okuhlanzululwayo kuncane.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Ireferensi yamanzi avuselelwe esikhungweni sedatha ededicated ayikakabi yingxenye yephothifoliyo elethiwe, ngakho le ndatshana ibhalwe njengomhlahlandlela wobunjiniyela hhayi njengesicaphuno sephrojekthi. Ikhono lenkampani lokuhlinzeka ngamachibi amakhulu amanzi angaphuzwa kanye namanzi okusebenza aboshiwe liboniswa emikhakheni eseduze: izinhlelo zokuvikela umlilo zaphesheya ziye zahlinzeka ngamathangi e-GFS afinyelela ku-12,261 m³ (India, amathangi ama-3, 2024-06) kanye no-1,666 m³ (Singapore, amathangi ama-2, 2026-01), akhiwe ngokwamazinga afanayo amathangi aboshiwe okwakhelwe ngawo ithangi lamanzi avuselelwe. Lezo zicaphuno zifakazela ukuhlinzekwa kwamathangi aboshiwe anevolumu enkulu kanye ne-QA; zingamaphrojekthi okuvikela umlilo, hhayi ukufakwa kwamanzi avuselelwe esikhungweni sedatha, futhi zicashunwa lapha njengomongo wekhono kuphela.
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka amathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550, NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lukudinga khona.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha noma okungekho emanzini okuphuza, inkampani ihlinzeka ngamathangi e-GFS ne-FBE aboshiwe anophahla oluvaliwe, izilawuli zezinga nokuchichima, nokufinyelela okucacisiwe kokugcinwa kwamanzi aguquguqukayo, futhi ihlinzeka ngemibhalo yokumboza nokuhlola inhlansi edingekayo ukuze kubuyekezwe ukuthintana namanzi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamanzi abuyiselwe kanye namanzi ampunga?
Impendulo 1: Amanzi abuyiselwe angamanzi okukhishwa kukamasipala ahlanjululwa ezingeni lesithathu futhi alethwa yinkampani yezinsiza ngomhubhe okhethekile; amanzi ampunga angamanzi aphuma esakhiweni endaweni futhi ahlanjululwa ekhempasini. Ithangi lamanzi abuyiselwe lithatha lawa okuqala, futhi ngokuvamile lihlanganiswa nalawo ampunga.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani kudingeka uhlelo lwamapayipi amabili?
A2: Amanzi avuselelwe akumele neze abe yingxenye yomugqa omkhulu kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuphuzwayo. Indandatho ehlukile, ehlukanisiwe yamanzi angenakufakwa emlonyeni kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuvikelwe i-air-gap noma i-backflow kuvimbela ukuxhumana okuphambanayo futhi kuvikela amanzi okuphuza.
Q3: Amanzi avuselelwe enziwa kanjani aphephile emibhoshongweni yokupholisa?
A3: Ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo kokungena (i-conductivity, izakhamzimba, i-microbial, i-turbidity) nokuhlanganisa ukuze ukudla okuhlangene kuhlale ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokugxilisa yombhoshongo; i-blowdown nokudosa kulungiswa ukuze kuhambisane nokudla okuphezulu kwe-TDS.
Q4: Ithangi likalwa kanjani?
A4: Ngokwesivumelwano sokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza (izinga nokuthembeka) kanye nesidingo esiphezulu somhlaba esingewona amanzi okuphuza, kanye nebhuferi lokuphazamiseka — hhayi ngezinhlelo zamanzi abandayo noma zomlilo.
Umbuzo 5: Kungani i-GFS yokugcina okubuyiselwe?
Impendulo 5: Isikhumba se-enamel (Ra < 0.8 µm, esishiswe ku-820–930 °C) simelana namanzi angenayo angaguquguquki, avame ukuba nokuhamba kukagesi okuphezulu futhi kulula ukusihlola, okufanele amanzi agciniwe anokuguquguquka kwamakhemikhali.
Umbuzo 6: Isiphi isitifiketi esibalulekile ekugcineni okubuyiselwe?
Impendulo 6: Uhlu lwe-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS luqinisekisa ukuthi isembozo samukelekile ekuxhumaneni namanzi ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa kabusha okungewona okuphuza; amarekhodi okumboza nawokuhlola inhlansi anikezwa ukuze abuyekezwe.
Umbuzo 7: Ingabe ithangi lingahlanganiswa nokugaywa kabusha kwendawo?
A7: Yebo. Ithangi elisetshenzisiwe liyindawo yokuhlanganisa lapho amanzi kamasipala asetshenzisiwe ehlangana khona namanzi avuniwe noma amanzi ampunga asetshenzisiwe ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa kwethimba lokupholisa, okwenza ukuhlinzekwa kube lula futhi kusetshenziswe kahle imithombo yomibili.
Ithangi lamanzi avuselelwe lesikhungo sedatha liguqula insizakalo yamanzi angcolile kamasipala ibe yindawo yokugcina engasetshenziswanga ethembekile nehlukanisiwe — kodwa kuphela uma ukungena kwamapayipi amabili, ukuqapha kokungena kanye nengqondo yokuxuba kuklanywa ndawonye. Gcina amanzi avuselelwe ehlukile kumanzi okuphuza ngokuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba, qapha ukuhamba kukagesi kanye nezinto eziphilayo endaweni yokungena, xuba nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwendawo ukuze ukunikezwa kube bushelelezi, futhi linganise ithangi ngokwesivumelwano sokunikezwa kanye nesidingo hhayi ngokomjikelezo wokupholisa. Ngale ndlela, indawo yokugcina inciphisa ukudonswa kwamanzi okuphuza ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni uhlelo lokupholisa noma umthombo wokuphuza.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Emthonjeni wamanzi asetshenzisiwe kabusha wesikhungo sedatha, sithumele isivumelwano sokuhlinzeka ngamanzi asetshenzisiwe kabusha kamasipala (izinga nokuthembeka), izidingo zamanzi angaphuzwa okufuna ukuzisebenzela, imifudlana yokugaywa kabusha yasendaweni etholakalayo yokuxuba, nanoma yimaphi amaphuzu okuxhumana namanzi aphuzwayo. Sizobuyisela ibhalansi yokuhlinzeka nokufuna enosayizi wethangi, incazelo enconyiwe yethangi le-GFS noma le-FBE elinophahla oluvaliwe nezilawuli, kanye nokuhlelwa kwamapayipi amabili avikelwe ekuhlehleleni emuva ngokumboza kanye nemibhalo yokuhlolwa kwenhlansi.
WhatsApp