Amathangi Okufuya I-Rainbow Trout: Umhlahlandlela Wobunjiniyela, Wezinto Zokwakha, Nokusebenza
Kwadalwa ngo 02.03
Amathangi Okufuya I-Trout Eningizimu: Ubunjiniyela, Izinto Zokwakha, Nokuhlahlandlela Kokusebenza
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-aquaculture ye-rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kukhule ngokushesha njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke sezinhlanzi ezinamaprotheni aphezulu, ezihlala emanzini abandayo, siqhubeka sikhula. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezithanda amanzi afudumele, i-rainbow trout idinga izindawo ezihlanzekile, ezinomoya-mpilo omningi, nezinokushisa okuzinzile ukuze ichume futhi ifinyelele amazinga okukhula afanele.
Ukukhetha ingqalasizinda efanele yokuqukatha iyona imali ebaluleke kakhulu kubalimi bezinhlanzi abathengisayo. Amathangi okufuya i-rainbow trout kumele alinganise ukuqina kokuqina kwesakhiwo, inhlanzeko yangaphakathi evikelayo, nokusebenza kahle kwamanzi ukuze kugcinwe ukuminyana okuphezulu kwezilwane kuyilapho kuncishiswa ingcindezi yezinhlanzi nezingozi zezifo.
1. Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zezinto Eziphilayo Nezemvelo Zamathangi E-Trout
I-rainbow trout izinkomba ezizwelayo zekhwalithi yamanzi. Ubunjiniyela bamathangi kumele busekele ngokuqondile izidingo zomzimba zohlobo:
● Oksijini Encibilikile (DO): I-Trout idinga amazinga aphezulu e-DO (okufanele agcinwe ngaphezu kuka-7–9 mg/L). Amathangi kumele amukele izinhlelo eziqhubekayo zokungenisa umoya, amakhoni e-oksijini, noma ukujova kwe-oksijini emsulwa ngaphandle kokudala ukugcwala kwe-bubble supersaturation okuyingozi.
● Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa: Amazinga afanele okushisa kwamanzi aphakathi kuka-10°C no-16°C. Amathangi akhiwe ngokufakwa kwe-insulation efanele noma afakwe ezikhungweni ze-RAS ezilawulwayo zangaphakathi avikela ukucindezeleka kokushisa.
● Ukuzihlanza nge-Hydraulic: Ukuma kwethangi kumele kukhuthaze ukunyakaza kwamanzi okuyindilinga (ukugeleza okuyivortex ejiyile) ukuze kugxiliswe ngokwemvelo imfucumfucu eqinile, ukudla okungadliwe, nendle yezilwane ukuze kuye emgodini ophakathi nendawo ongena ngaphansi ukuze kususwe ngokushesha.
2. I-Matrix Yokuqhathanisa: Izinto Zokwakha Zamathangi Okufuya I-Trout
Abasebenzi be-aquaculture bakhetha izinto zokwakha amathangi ngokusekelwe ekuqineni, isivinini sokufaka, nokuvikela izifo:
Ipharamitha Yokuhlola | Amathangi E-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) | I-High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) | Amabhase Kakhonkolo |
Ukuqina Nempilo Yokusebenza | Iminyaka engu-30+; amandla esakhiwo aqavile | Iminyaka engu-15 kuye kweyi-25; isengozini yokushaywa kakhulu noma i-UV | Iminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu; isakhiwo somphakathi esihlala njalo |
Ukuhlanzeka Kwangaphakathi Kwendawo | Ingilazi ebushelelezi, engenazimbotshana ivimbela ukunamathela kwamagciwane ne-algae | Ipulasitiki ebushelelezi, kodwa ithambekele ekuklwebhekeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi | Ukhenketho olunemingcele lungagcina amagciwane uma lungafakwanga ulwelwesi |
Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Kuhle kakhulu; akugqwali emanzini ahlanzekile noma emanzini anosawoti we-RAS | Ukumelana okuphelele namakhemikhali nokomisa | Kulimala kalula ngokucekelwa phansi kwamanzi ane-asidi |
Ukuguquguquka Nokwandisa | Kuphezulu; idizayini yamaphaneli abhuntshisiwe ivumela ukukhulisa umthamo kalula | Kumaphakathi; kwakhiwe ngaphambilini ngobukhulu obungaguquki | Kuphansi; kuhlala unomphela, indawo engaguquki |
3. Ukuhlelwa Kwezinhlelo: Ukugeleza Okudlulayo vs. I-RAS
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-rainbow trout ngokuvamile kusebenza ngaphansi kwezakhiwo ezimbili eziyinhloko, zombili ezidinga ubunjiniyela obukhethekile bamathangi:
● Izinhlelo Zokugeleza Okudlulayo: Ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amathangi amakhulu ayindilinga noma imizila yokugijima enikezwa imithombo yamanzi eminingi yemvelo, imifula, noma imithombo. Amanzi adlula kanye bese ekhishwa. Amathangi kumele abe nezindonga eziqinile, ezingagqwali, ezikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka kwamanzi okuqhubekayo.
● Amasistimu Okufuywa Kwezilwane Asemanzini (RAS): Izikhungo ezithuthukisiwe, ezivalekile eziphindisela amanzi angu-90% kuya ku-99%. Amathangi e-trout e-RAS adinga ukuhlanganiswa okunembile nama-drum filters, ama-biological trickling filters, ama-protein skimmers, nama-ultraviolet (UV) sterilizers ukuze kugcinwe ukucaca kwamanzi okuphezulu namazinga aphansi e-ammonia.
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Kungani amathangi ayindilinga ekhethwa kunalawo angunxande ekukhuliseni i-rainbow trout?
Impendulo: Amathangi ayindilinga akhuthaza isivinini samanzi esifanayo nokugeleza okuyindilinga okuvimbela izindawo ezifezile. Lo mklamo we-hydraulic ulengisa imfucumfucu eqinile futhi uyiqondise kumgudu wokukhipha ongaphansi phakathi nendawo, okugcina amanzi ehlanzekile futhi kuvumela i-trout ukuthi ibhukude ngokuqhubekayo ngokumelene nomsinga ozinzile, okuthuthukisa amandla emisipha nokukhula.
Umbuzo: Iyiphi into ekahle yamathangi okufuya i-trout ngokwentengiselwano?
A: Amathangi ensimbi ahlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) kanye namathangi ensimbi ekhwalithi ephezulu ahlanganiswe nengilazi aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi kwanamuhla ngenxa yobuso bawo obungenazimbotshana, obungavumeli ukukhula kwe-algae ngaphakathi, ukufakwa ngokushesha ngamadivayisi, ukuphila isikhathi eside, nokumelana nokugqwala emanzini abandayo.
Q: Amathangi okufuya i-trout alawula kanjani udoti wezinhlanzi nokudla okungadliwanga?
A: Amathangi esimanje ezentengiselwano afaka ama-sump asemgodi wokukhipha amanzi angaphansi ahambisana nezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ezimbili. Ipesenti elincane lamanzi likhishwa ngokuqhubekayo phansi maphakathi ukuze kukhishwe izinto eziqinile ezisindayo (indle nokudla okungadliwe), kuyilapho iningi lamanzi acwengekileyo liphuma phezulu kuma-skimmer.
Q: Ingabe i-rainbow trout ingafuywa ezikhungweni ze-RAS zangaphakathi ezisemhlabeni?
A: Yebo. Izinhlelo Zokufuya Izinhlanzi Zangaphakathi Ezijikelezayo (RAS) zikhula ngokushesha ngoba zivumela abalimi ukuthi balawule izinga lokushisa kwamanzi, baqede imiphumela yesimo sezulu eshintshayo, bathuthukise izilinganiso zokuguqula ukudla, futhi bakhiqize izinhlanzi ze-trout eziningi unyaka wonke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basendaweni ini.
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