Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Abandayo Acindezelwe: Ukuklama Umngcele Wengcindezi
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Abandayo Acindezelwe: Ukwenza Umngcele Wengcindezi
Ithangi lokugcina lamanzi abandayo acindezelwe liwumngcele wengcindezi ovaliwe emjikelezweni wamanzi wemboni. Ingcindezi yokuklama ivela kweyona iphakeme phakathi kwekhanda lokumisa iphampu, ikhanda elimile kanye nengcindezi yephedi ye-nitrogen, hhayi isethingi yokulawula yesihlanzi. Ukuklama lowo mngcele kusho ingcindezi yokuklama engaguquki kanye nezinga lokushisa, isikhala somhwamuko esilinganiselwe ukwanda, ithuluzi lokukhipha ingcindezi elilinganiselwe ngokuhambisana nejika lephampu, kanye nokulandeleka okuphelele kwezinto zokwakha. Uma weqa okukodwa, umkhumbi udonsa uchungechunge lokugunyazwa.
Amalayithi ezitshalo zokupholisa avame ukuthatha isitsha sokugcina njengento evamile. Ithangi liyafika, ama-nozzle amabili afakwe kuma-flange ku-riser, futhi ithimba lokulawula licabanga ukuthi amanzi avele ageleze nje. Ethangini lokugcina lamanzi abandayo acindezelwe isimo siyashintsha: igobolondo liyingxenye yomngcele wengcindezi, ngakho konke ukubaluleka okuthinta lona - ingcindezi yokuklama, izinga lokushisa lokuklama, imvume yokugqwala, ukuqiniswa kwe-nozzle, ithuluzi lokukhipha ingcindezi - kuba isinqumo esibhaliwe esinesisindo sokuhlolwa.
Ingcindezi isigobongo esigcina siyibona akuyona inamba ebhalwe phansi kuqala. Iphampu emile enekhanda lokucisha elingama-60 m ibeka cishe u-0.6 MPa embotsheni yokungena ngaphambi kokuba kuvalwe isivalo esisodwa. Engeza ikhanda elimile lesigobongo esingama-20 m kanye nekhushini ye-nitrogen egcina amanzi ngaphezu kwezinga lokubanda, futhi isigobongo esilinganiselwe kuphela ingcindezi yesifunda siba mncane kakhulu ngaphakathi komjikelezo owodwa.
Le ndatshana ikhuluma ngendlela umngcele oboniswa ngayo, indlela ingcindezi yokuklama kanye nezinga lokushisa okususelwa kuyo, yini elawula ukuqiniswa kombhobho nokukhululwa, kanye nefayela umnikazi aligcina ngaphambi kokuba isigobongo sithunyelwe.
1. Lapho Umngcele Wengcindezi Uqala Futhi Uphela Khona
Ukubonisa umngcele kuqala kugwema iphutha elivamile lokucacisa lokuthatha ithangi njengemishini kunokuba njengengxenye yamapayipi angaphansi kwengcindezi.
1. Uhlangothi lokungena - ijika lempompo lichaza umsebenzi. Ingcindezi ephezulu etholakalayo embotsheni iyisivalo sempompo esivaliwe kanye nekhanda elimile phakathi komgqa wempompo nombhobho, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umugqa endaweni embi kakhulu yesivalo. Ingcindezi yokuklama kufanele ihlanganise leyo ndawo, ngoba isivalo esivaliwe esinenjini ehambayo yisimo esithembekile.
2. Uhlangothi lokuphuma. Ngaphansi, ingcindezi yehla ngekhanda, amakhoyili kanye namavalvu okulinganisa, ngakho umngcele uhlanganisa igobolondo kanye neflange yokuqala embotsheni ngayinye.
3. Indawo yomhwamuko kanye nepedi yegesi. Ipedi ye-nitrogen ilawulwa ngaphezu kwengcindezi yomhwamuko wamanzi ezingeni lokuklama, igcina umoya-mpilo uphansi futhi ivimbele ukuvutha.
4. Okukhishiwe emdwebeni. Imisele evulekele umoya, izindawo zokukhipha umoya kanye nokuxhumana kokugcwalisa ngokuvamile kuhlala ngaphandle komngcele futhi kufanele kumakwe.
2. Ingcindezi Yokuklama, Izinga Lokushisa Lokuklama kanye Nekhanda Elimile
Lezi zindinganiso ezintathu zilawula ukujiya kwegobolondo, isigaba se-flange kanye nayo yonke inqubo yokuhlola.
· Ingcindezi yokuklama ihlanganisa ingcindezi ephezulu kakhulu esiqongweni segobolondo kunoma yikuphi ukusebenza okukholakalayo: ukuphela kwepompo, ukwanda kokushisa kanye nokwehluleka komlawuli wegesi, kanye nomkhawulo okuvunyelwene ngawo encazelweni.
· Izinga lokushisa lokuklama lilandela ububanzi bamanzi kodwa kufanele futhi lihlanganise igobolondo elikhishiwe ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwehlobo, lapho insimbi ingasondela ezingeni lokushisa kwendawo.
· Ikhanda elimile liyanezela futhi lihlobene nendawo. Igobolondo elingama-20 m lengeza cishe u-0.2 MPa phansi, ngakho umugqa ophansi uyindawo yokuqala lapho ukujiya kodonga kukhula khona ekubalweni kwethangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo acindezelwe.
· Imvume yokugqwala ilandela uhlelo lokwelashwa kwamanzi. Iphedi yegesi ingaba uhlangothi olunolaka lomngcele.
Inani | Inani elijwayelekile | Lapho libekwe khona |
Ukunikezwa kwamanzi abandayo / ukubuya | 6 °C / 12 °C | Isu lokulawula isitshalo |
Ingcindezi yokusebenza embotsheni | 0.4 - 0.6 MPa | Ijika lempompo kanye nekhanda elimile |
Ingcindezi yokuklama | Ngaphezu kwengcindezi yokusebenza embi kakhulu | Imajini ngokwesicaciso senkontileka |
Iphoyinti lokusetha ipedi ye-nitrogen | Ingcindezi yomhwamuko wamanzi ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa eliklanyelwe | Ukuhlanza amanzi nokuvikela ukubanda |
Izinga lokushisa eliklanyelwe | Ihlanganisa ububanzi bamanzi kanye nokumiswa | Irekhodi lesimo sezulu sendawo |
Imvume yokugqwala | Ngokwesimiso esivunyelwene ngaso | Ucwaningo lwekhwalithi yamanzi |
3. Ama-nozzle, Izimbobo kanye Nokuqiniswa
Imbobo esembozweni yengcindezi iyindawo yokugxilisa ingcindezi, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwayo kufanele kunakwe njengoba kunakwa isigaba sombozo.
5. Linganisa ama-nozzle ngesivinini. Imigqa yamanzi abandayo ihamba ngo-1.5 kuya ku-3 m/s ukunciphisa ukuguguleka nomsindo; isihlukanisi sokungena sisabalalisa ukugeleza kokushaja ukuze ukwehlukaniswa kuqhubeke.
6. Ukuqiniswa ngembobo ngayinye. I-nozzle ngayinye idinga ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe kokuthi insimbi esusiwe ibuyiselwa ngombozo, intamo noma iphedi, kuhlanganise nomgwaqo wabantu, ukuhlolwa kanye nokuxhumana kwemishini.
7. Ikilasi le-flange, elikhethelwe ingcindezi yokuklama nezinga lokushisa futhi liqinisekiswe ngokumelene ne-gasket nezinga lemishini yokubopha; ukungafani kuvela njengokuvuza ngaphansi kokushintsha kokushisa.
8. Imanway nokuvalwa. Ukuvalwa kwengcindezi kufanele kwamukeleke ngekhodi futhi kube kukhulu ngokwanele ukuthi abahloli bangena.
4. Amadivayisi Okukhulula, I-Gas Pad Nokuvikelwa Ekubandeni
Igobolondo elivaliwe elinepompo esebenzayo ligcina amandla agciniwe; indlela yokukhulula iyayenza yamukeleke.
· Ukulinganisa i-valve yokukhulula kumelene nesimo esibi kakhulu esingenzeka sokukhipha ipompo etankini elivaliwe, kusethwe kungaphansi noma kulingane nengcindezi yokuklama, futhi ukukhishwa kuqondiswe endaweni okuvunyelwene ngayo.
· Ukulawulwa kwe-nitrogen. Isilawuli sokunciphisa sigcina isikhala segesi endaweni emisiwe; indawo yaso yokwehluleka kufanele ishiwo, njengoba i-pad ekhipha umoya ishiya igobolondo lisemkhathini namanzi afudumele.
· Ukuvikelwa ekubandeni. Amanzi angaphansi kuka-4 °C ashintsha ukuminyana, ngakho isendlalelo esiphansi esibandayo siyaminza; ingcindezi ye-pad kanye nokufakwa kwe-insulation kubhekana nalokhu.
· Ukulinganisa isikhala somhwamuko. Umthamo wegesi kufanele umunke ukwanda kusuka ezingeni eliphansi kuya ezingeni eliphezulu lokusebenza ngaphandle kokucindezela ingcindezi yegesi idlule umkhawulo wayo, yingakho izinga eliphezulu elivumelekile lokusebenza ligxivwe ogobolweni.
5. Ukulawulwa Kokwenziwa kanye Nefayela
Igobolondo elishiselwe lilingana namarekhodi alo kuphela, adalwa ngesikhathi sokwenziwa.
9. Ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo yokushisela ngaphambi kokukhiqiza, abasebenzi banamagugu asebenzayo amanje.
10. Izitifiketi zezinto zokwakha zepuleti, izingxenye ezishiselwe kanye namafuleji, zihambisana nezinombolo zokushisa kumdwebo wegobolondo.
11. Ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi emkhakheni okudingwa umthetho obusayo, imiphumela kurekhodi legobolondo.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Into | Incazelo |
Uhlobo lomkhumbi | Igobolondo elishiselwe elivalekayo, elime mpo noma elivundlile, ngokuhlelwa kwephrojekthi |
Ingcindezi yokuklama | Njengoba kucacisiwe encazelweni yephrojekthi; isuselwa kujika lwephampu kanye nekhanda elimile |
Izinga lokushisa lokuklama | Njengoba kucacisiwe encazelweni yephrojekthi; kuhlanganisa isimo sokuvalwa |
Impahla yegobolondo | Insimbi yekhabhoni ngokwencazelo yempahla yephrojekthi, enye insimbi engagqwali mayelana nokwakheka kwamanzi |
Imvume yokugqwala | Ngokwencazelo, kuncike ohlelweni lokwelashwa kwamanzi |
Amathumbu okufaka | Indawo yokungena, indawo yokuphuma, umgwaqo womuntu, indawo yokukhipha umoya, indawo yokukhipha amanzi kanye nezixhumi zokulinganisa, ukuqiniswa kubhalwe ngokuvuleka ngakunye |
Ithuluzi lokukhulula | Ivalvu yokukhulula elayishwa ngasentwasahlobo, ilinganiswe nge-dead-head yepompo, isethwe ekucindezelweni kokuklama |
Isigaxa segesi | Ukulawulwa kwe-nitrogen ngesimo sokwehluleka esishiwo, ukuze kulawulwe umoya-mpilo nokuqhwaba |
Ukufakwa kwezinto zokuvikela | Uboya bamaminerali obunengubo yesimo sezulu, imininingwane yebhuloho elibandayo ezisekelweni |
Ukuhlolwa | Ukufinyelela kwangaphakathi ngokuvalwa kwekhodi, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu besisekelo kunikeziwe |
Imibhalo | Izitifiketi zempahla, i-WPS/PQR, imibiko ye-NDT, irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwengcindezi kanye nemidwebo yokuhlanganisa |
Icala Lomklamo
I-vessel line e-Center Enamel yakhiwe ngokwekhodi nokuklanywa okucaciswe encazelweni yephrojekthi ngayinye kanye nenkontileka. Lezi zindawo zokulethwa zikhombisa ukuhamba kwemibhalo hhayi umndeni womkhiqizo owodwa.
Iphrojekthi | Umkhiqizo | Ububanzi / Izilinganiso | Ukuqedwa |
I-Malta desalination | 08 imishini yengcindezi | Imikhumbi emincane emi-2 | 2025 |
Ukuhlukaniswa kwegesi yase-Uzbekistan | 08 imikhumbi yokucindezela | 1 isihlukanisi | 2026 |
Hubei, China petrochemical | 08 izingqimba zengcindezi | 9 izingqimba zosayizi abahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izingqimba ze-resin, izisusa zamafutha ezihlanganyelayo, izingqimba zokumunca nge-fibre, izigcina zomoya ocindezelwe, imigqomo ye-condensate kanye nama-steam header | 2025 - 2026 |
Isikhungo se-Hubei esinezitsha eziyisishiyagalolunye yisona esiseduze kakhulu nento yesitshalo esinezindebe eziningi: ububanzi obuxubile, ukuhlelwa kwezimbobo eziningana, kanye nesethi yamarekhodi lapho zonke izitifiketi, amarekhodi okushisela kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kusukela kunombolo yokushisa kanye nebalazwe lokushisela.
Nakuba amaphrojekthi ethu ayisithenjwa asetshenzisiwe emkhakheni wamanzi kanye namanzi angcolile ahlanganisa amathangi amakhulu aboshiwe kanye ashisiwe, isikhungo se-TES sedatha yesikhungo sakhiwe ngamazinga afanayo.
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Lokufaka Koqweqwe Lwangaphakathi
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina aboshwe ngezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Idizayini yengcindezi kanye nerekhodi lokwenziwa
· Isitolo esinengcindezi sifaka igobolondo ngaphakathi komngcele wengcindezi, ngakho-ke ingcindezi yedizayini ithathwa kusuka kwinani eliphezulu le-static kanye nekhanda lokucisha iphampu ku-loop, futhi ukujiya kwegobolondo, ukuqiniswa kwe-nozzle kanye nefayela lekhodi kulandela lokho.
· Ukwenziwa ngokushisela ngenqubo efanele, ukulandelela inombolo yokushisa kanye nokuhlolwa okungabhubhisi okubhaliwe kuwubufakazi bokukhiqiza obudingwa umngcele onengcindezi.
· Umugqa wesitsha sengcindezi unikeze imikhumbi yokukhipha usawoti yaseMalta, isihlukanisi segesi sase-Uzbekistan kanye nemikhumbi eyisishiyagalolunye yokucacisa yohlelo lwamakhemikhali lwaseHubei ngo-2025-12.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo elinengcindezi lihlala lithathwa njengesitsha sengcindezi?
A1: Kuncike emngceleni. Igobolondo elivaliwe eligcinwe ngaphezu komfutho womoya ngengcindezi yepompo kanye ne-gas pad ngokuvamile kuwela ngaphakathi kobubanzi bemishini yengcindezi yekhodi elawulayo; ithangi elivulekile, elinomoya eliphakelwa ngamandla adonsela phansi imishini yomoya. Yihlukanise ngengcindezi yokuklama kanye nomdwebo, ngaphambi koku-oda.
Q2: Iyiphi idatha yepompo ebeka ingcindezi yokuklama?
A2: Ijika, amakhanda alinganiselwe kanye nokucishwa, umehluko wokuphakama phakathi komugqa waphakathi wepompo kanye nomlomo wethangi, kanye nezindawo zamavalvu ezilindelekile ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Ngalokho, ingcindezi ephezulu yomlomo kanye nokujiya kwekhosi eliphansi kungabalwa.
Q3: Kungani i-nitrogen pad ithangi lamanzi abandayo?
A3: Ukugcina umoya-mpilo ungaphandle kwamanzi nokubamba ingcindezi ngaphezu koketshezi ukuze kungabi nokukhanya noma ukubanda ezindaweni zokuma. Iphoyinti lokusetha kanye nendawo yokwehluleka kungena encazelweni.
Q4: Ingabe i-valve yokukhulula kufanele ilinganiswe ngepompo?
A4: Yebo. Umthwalo wokukhulula ngokuvamile ukukhishwa kwepompo engxenyeni evaliwe, ngakho i-valve ilinganiswa ngaleyo kesi futhi isethwe noma ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuklama, kanti indlela yokukhipha ivunyelwe.
Q5: Iphakethe lamadokhumenti lihlanganiswa nini?
A5: Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ngokulandelana, njengoba izitifiketi, amarekhodi okushisela kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola kwenziwa njengoba igobolondo lakhiwa. Ukunikezela kuwukukhishwa okukodwa kwezibalo zokuklama, izitifiketi zezinto, inqubo yokushisela kanye namarekhodi okufaneleka, imibiko ye-NDT, irekhodi lokuhlola kanye nemidwebo yokuhlanganisa.
Q6: Ingabe indawo yokusebenzela eyodwa ingakha amathangi asemoyeni kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela?
A6: Ngomugqa wegobolondo elishiselwe, ukuphathwa kwamapuleti, ukugingqika, ukufaneleka kokushisela kanye namandla e-NDT, imigqa emibili yabelana ngendawo kodwa hhayi isango lekhwalithi. Igobolondo lomngcele lidinga amarekhodi ezibalo, ubukhulu bokuhlola kanye nephakethe lokuhlola elidingwa yincazelo elawulayo.
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo acindezelwe lichazwa umngcele walo: ingcindezi esiphundwini esivela esimweni esibi kakhulu sephampu, indawo yegesi engaphezu kwamanzi, ukuqiniswa kwayo yonke indawo evulekile kanye nesisetshenziswa sokukhipha ingcindezi esenza ukuthi igobolondo elivaliwe lamukeleke ekuhlolweni kwengozi. Ngakunye kuyinombolo ephepheni lokubala, hhayi imininingwane eshiyelwa umakhi.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela ijika lempompo, ubude bethangi obuhlosiwe kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa kwamanzi, futhi onjiniyela bethu bemikhumbi bazobuyisela ukuhlukaniswa kobukhulu bodonga okokuqala, uhlu lwama-nozzle olunamanothi okuqinisa kanye nohlu lwemibhalo edingekayo ukuze kugunyazwe. Yabelana ngesicaciso sephrojekthi uma sikhona futhi sizoqinisekisa ububanzi bokukhiqiza ngokuhambisana nekhodi esebenzayo ngaphambi kokuba u-ode.
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