Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Abandayo Ngesikhathi Esingesona Isikhathi Samandla Aphezulu: Indlela Izindleko Zesikhathi Sokusetshenziswa Ezisiza Ngokonga
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Abandayo Angaphandle Kwesikhathi Esimatasa: Indlela Izintela Zesikhathi Sokusetshenziswa Eziletha Ngayo Ukonga
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo elingasetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezingezona ezomgwaqo ovamile livumela isikhungo ukuthi sisebenzise ama-chiller ngomthamo ogcwele ngesikhathi sikagesi ebusuku eshibhile futhi sisebenzele isidingo sasemini esiphakeme ngokubanda okugciniwe. Ukonga kuvela egejini phakathi kwezilinganiso zesigodi neziphakeme, nasekunciphiseni umthamo wama-chiller axhunyiwe lapho intela ikhuthaza khona. Linganisa isitolo ukuze ukushaja kuqede ngaphambi kokuba izinga likhuphuke, futhi uphathe umthamo osebenzisekayo njengamaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangama-90 esibalo sethiyori. Ukubuyiselwa kwemali kulandela ukusabalala kwezinga, hhayi usayizi womkhumbi kuphela.
Ukupholisa kuhleli ngaphakathi kwengxenye enkulu yesikweletu sikagesi ngemuva komthwalo we-IT, futhi iyingxenye engasuswa. I-chiller akudingeki isebenze ngesikhathi esifanele lapho ukushisa kuvela khona uma ukubanda kwenziwa ngaphambili futhi kugcinwe. Lokho kuyisisekelo selungiselelo ledatha yebhethri elishisayo lesikhungo esakhelwe ekugcinweni kwamanzi abandayo, futhi likhokha kuphela lapho insiza yombuso ibeka intengo yamandla ngesikhathi sosuku.
Ithelefomu linquma ukuthi ikesi likhona yini. Izinga eliyisicaba lezentengiselwano linikeza isizathu esincane sokugcina, ngoba ihora lesithathu ekuseni nehora lesithupha kusihlwa kubiza okufanayo. Ithelefomu yokusebenzisa isikhathi enomehluko obanzi phakathi kwentaba nesicongo iguqula ukugcina kube ukuhweba okucacile, futhi lapho kusebenza khona imali yokufunwa, ukufunwa kwesicongo kubaluleke kakhulu kunamandla. Noma ngayiphi indlela impendulo iyafana: khiqiza ukupholisa esikhathini esishibhile bese uvumela ithangi lithwale esikhathi esibizayo. Lokho okulandelayo kuhlanganisa ukufunda ithelefomu, uhlelo lokukhokha nokukhipha, ukubala okwenziwe, kanye nemikhawulo yokuthi umthwalo ongahamba ungakanani.
Ukufunda intela ngaphambi kokulinganisa noma yini
Izindleko ezintathu zivela ezivumelwaneni eziningi zokuhlinzeka, futhi ngayinye isabela ngendlela ehlukile ekugcinweni.
Izindleko | Lokho elikukalayo | Umthelela wokugcina |
Izindleko zamandla | ama-kilowatt-hora esikhathini ngasinye | Kwehla uma umthwalo ufudukela ewundini lwesigodi |
Inkokhelo yesidingo | I-kilowatt ephakeme kunazo zonke eqhubekayo esikhatshini sokukhokha | Kwehla uma isiqongo sesihlanzi sinqanyulwa isitolo |
Inkokhelo ye-reactive noma ye-power factor | kVA noma i-power factor esiqongweni | Akuthinteki ekugcinweni kokupholisa |
Iwindi lesigodi ngokuvamile lisebenza ubusuku bonke nasezimpelasonto; isiqongo ngokuvamile sihlanganisa ntambama sekwephuzile ehlobo. Ukusabalala yikona okukhokhela ithangi, futhi kufanele kuvele esivumelwaneni sokuhlinzeka kunokuba kube yisilinganiso esishicilelwe. Isigatshana se-ratchet singakhokhisa isidingo sokulinda ngenani elincane lephesenti lesiqongo esiphezulu sanyanga zonke, okushintsha inani lokusika, futhi ezinye izintela zisebenzisa izinga eliphezulu kuphela ngezinsuku ezikhethiwe, ngakho ukuhlaziywa kwesonto lasehlobo kuphephile kunokwesilinganiso sonyaka.
Ukwakha uhlelo lokukhokhisa nokukhipha
Iphethini yokusebenza iyefana yonke indawo, umehluko usezibalweni kuphela.
1. Isikhathi sokushaja. Ama-chiller asebenza ngokugcwele noma eduze nakho ngenkathi izinga liphansi, enza amanzi abandayo angu-5 kuya ku-7 °C angene esitolo. Umkhiqizo wemboni udlula umthwalo ngoba ingxenye yawo ingena esisindweni sokushisa.
2. Isigaba sokugcina. Ngemva kokuvalwa kwewindi elishibhile, ama-chiller ancipha noma ayeke; ukulahlekelwa okumile phakathi namahora ambalwa kuyingxenye yedigri.
3. Isigaba sokukhipha. Ukubanda kukhishwa kuye emthwalweni, izinga lokushisa lokubuya likhuphuka lifinyelele ku-12 °C noma ngaphezulu, futhi isitolo sindla igumbi kuze kufinyelele izinga lalo elisele.
4. Ukugcwalisa kabusha. Iwindi elilandelayo lesigodi ligcwalisa isitolo ngaphambi kwesikhathi esiphakeme, okubeka imfuneko yokushaja yansuku zonke.
Izinombolo ezimbili zishayela usayizi. Amandla asebenzisekayo acishe abe ngu-1.163 kWh nge-cubic metre nge-kelvin, ngakho ukwehluka okubanzi kwe-dT kusuka ku-6 °C kuya ku-13 °C kubamba amakhaza amaningi kunelophu eqinile ngaphandle kwesitsha esikhulu. Umthamo osebenzisekayo ungamaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangama-90 kuphela wesibalo sethiyori uma ukuhlukaniswa nokuxubana kwe-diffuser kubalwa.
Isibalo sokusindisa esisetshenzisiwe
Thatha umthwalo wokupholisa ojwayelekile ongu-2,000 kW, izinga lesigodi elingu-40 kanye nezinga eliphezulu elingu-120 lamayunithi emali nge-megawatt-hora, kanye nenkokhelo yemfuno kukilowatt ephezulu yemizuzu engu-15.
Isikhathi | Amahora | Isenzo sesitshalo | Ibhendi yezinga |
Isigodi, 23:00 kuya ku-07:00 | 8 | Ama-chiller akhipha ngokugcwele, isitolo siyagcwalisa | Phansi |
Ihlombe lasekuseni | 4 | Ama-chiller alandela umthwalo | Phakathi |
Isiqongo, 11:00 kuya ku-17:00 | 6 | Ama-chiller avaliwe noma ehlisiwe, isitolo siyakhipha | Phezulu |
Ihlombe lakusihlwa | 5 | Isitshalo sihlehla sisuka esitolo siya emthwalweni | Phakathi |
5. Amandla okwehlisa izinga lokushisa nsuku zonke angu-2,000 kW amahora angu-23, noma u-46,000 kWh.
6. Ukushaja ingxenye yalokho esitolo ngesikhathi se-valley kwengeza cishe u-3,500 kuya ku-4,500 kWh wokufaka kagesi, kuye ngokusebenza kahle kwesihlanzi.
7. Umthamo osusiwe usuka ezingeni eliphezulu uya ezingeni le-valley. Ngokwehluka kwe-80 amayunithi nge-megawatt-hora, u-10,000 kWh osusiwe wonga amayunithi angu-800 ngosuku.
8. Uma isitolo sinciphisa umthamo ophezulu wesikhungo ngo-400 kW, inkokhelo yokufunwa yehla ngaleyo nani ngenyanga, ngokuvamile ifana nokonga kwamandla.
9. Umthamo odingekayo we-10,000 kWh ku-7 K dT esebenzisekayo kanye nengxenye esebenzisekayo engu-0.8 ngu-10,000 / (1.163 x 7 x 0.8) = 1,529 m3.
Lezi zibalo zansuku zonke ziyanqwabelana phakathi nonyaka, futhi isibalo esifanayo ngesonto lasehlobo sinikeza inombolo yokukhombisa ikomidi lezezimali. Umphumela ulandela ukwehluka kwezinga namahora aphezulu, hhayi izindleko zethangi.
Yini ekhawulela ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo angasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esingaphandle kwesikhathi esimatasa
Izinguquko zokugcina zishintsha usayizi wesitshalo kunokuba sisuswe, futhi kusebenza izilinganiso ezinhlanu.
10. Isikhala nomthwalo wesakhiwo. Isitolo salolo sayizi sithatha indawo ephindwe izikhathi eziningana kunomthamo waso wamanzi uma kufakwa ukufakwa kwe-insulation, ukufinyelela, kanye nomthwalo we-slab.
11. Amahora okusebenza kwe-chiller. Ukusebenza ebusuku okungapheli kunciphisa isikhathi phakathi kokulungiswa.
12. Ukusebenza kahle komthwalo oyingxenye. Isitshalo esilinganiswe ukushintsha okukhulu kwansuku zonke sichitha isikhathi saso sisebenza ngomthwalo ophansi, ngakho ukunciphisa iphezulu akumahhala.
13. Ubude besikhathi sokushaja. Ukugcwalisa kufanele kuqede ngaphambi kokuba izinga likhuphuke; uma isikhathi sifushane kunesikhathi sokugcwalisa, icala alivali.
14. Isipele sokuphahlazeka. Ithangi elisetshenziselwa kuphela ukushintsha intela yamanani alinamakhaza asele uma i-chiller iwa, ngakho izakhiwo eziningi zigcina ungqimba olusele laleso simo.
Le nto yokugcina ivamise ukuba yindawo yokuxoxisana: ithangi elilinganiswe kuphela intela yamanani lingase libe lincane kunelinye elibuye lihlanganise nokuphahlazeka kwe-chiller.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Into | Inani elijwayelekile noma inketho | Qaphela |
i-dT esebenzisekayo | 6 kuya ku-13 °C, noma 5 kuya ku-7 °C ku-loop eqinile | i-dT ebanzi inciphisa ivolumu edingekayo |
Ingxenye esebenzisekayo | 70 kuya ku-90 amaphesenti | Icacisa ukuhlukaniswa nokuxubana |
Iphoyinti lokushaja elimisiwe | Amanzi abandayo 5 kuya ku-7 °C | Kuhambisana nokukhishwa okujwayelekile kwesitshalo |
Ukufakwa kwe-insulation | I-mineral wool ene-aluminium noma i-colour-steel cladding | Kunciphisa ukulahleka okumile ngesikhathi sokugcina |
Ikilasi lengcindezi yethangi | I-atmospheric noma icindezelwe | Kusetha ukujiya kodonga kanye nomklamo womlomo |
Icala Lomklamo
Nakuba amaphrojekthi ethu ayizethenjwa anikeziwe emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile ahlanganisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo amakhulu, ububanzi be-TES besikhungo sedatha benziwe ngemigomo efanayo. Esinye isethenjwa esifanele ukufakwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo eNamibia.
Into | Imininingwane |
Iphrojekthi | INamibia — ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo |
Umkhiqizo | 01 GFS, itanki elihlanganisiwe legilasi nensimbi eliboshiwe |
Umthamo | 44,900 m3 isiyonke kumatanki ama-4 |
Ubukhulu | phi 41.26 m x 8.4 m, amayunithi angu-4 |
Ukuqedwa | 2022-09 |
Lolo hlobo lomkhumbi lunikeza indawo yepulani kanye nejiyomethri yesendlalelo esibandayo edingwa isitolo sokushisa, lapho ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo angasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esingezansi ligcina ukubanda isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwalo kunokukuhambisa.
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela Le-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isike yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Umthamo wewindi lokushaja
· Ukushaja ngesikhathi esingezansi kukhokha kuphela uma igebe lentela likhulu ngokwanele ukukhokhela isikhathi esengeziwe sokusebenza kwesihlanzi kanye nokulahlekelwa okumile, ngakho umthamo wethangi ulandela ukuma kwentela kanye nomthwalo wokupholisa.
· Isitolo esikhulu sivumela i-chiller ukuthi isebenze ngamandla onke ngesikhathi eshibhile esikhathi sokushaja esikhundleni sokujikeleza, okuyiphethini yokusebenza ekhiqiza ukonga.
· Ubukhulu bethu bomthamo wamathangi angawodwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³, kanye nokulethwa okufana nohlelo lwaseNamibia lwe-44,900 m³, yindawo yokushaja wonke umsebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ukugcina kufanele kwakhiwe ngentela elinganayo?
A1: Akuvamisile ukuthi kube ngamandla kagesi kuphela. Imvamisa icala lidinga inkokhelo yemfuno noma isiqongo esinganqanyulwa, ngakho funda isivumelwano sokunikezwa ngaphambi kwenani leyunithi eliyisihloko.
Q2: Mangaki amahora okugcina ajwayelekile?
A2: Amahora amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalombili womthwalo ogcwele wokupholisa yilona banga elivamile. Isibalo silandela ubude besiqongo nokuthi ingakanani ingxenye yesiqongo isitshalo esiyishiya esitolo.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi linciphisa usayizi we-chiller odingekayo?
A3: Kungakwazi, lapho imfuno ikalwa ngesikhungo ngasinye futhi iwindi lokushaja liyisekela. Lapho imfuno ikhokhiswa kuyo yonke indawo, i-chiller ingase isadinga umthamo ogcwele.
Umbuzo 4: Kwenzekani ekusebenzeni kahle uma ama-chiller esebenza ubusuku bonke?
A4: Ama-chiller asebenza kahle uma egcwele ngokuphelele, kodwa amahora okusebenza kwengxenye kanye namandla okumpompa kufanele kufakwe ekubalweni, kungenjalo ukonga kuzokweqisa.
Q5: Ingabe itanki elilodwa lingasebenza ekushintsheni kwentela kanye nokugcina kokwehluleka?
A5: Yebo. Amadizayini amaningi agcina ungqimba lwensalela ngaphezu kwesexwayiso sasezingeni eliphansi ukuze kuvinjwe ukuphazamiseka kwe-chiller futhi kugcwalise okusele kuhlelo lwentela.
Q6: Isitolo sigcina isikhathi esingakanani kubanda ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa?
A6: Ngokufakwa kwe-mineral wool kanye ne-cladding ephelele, isitolo esimile silahlekelwa ingxenye yedigri ngehora, okwenza umjikelezo wansuku zonke usebenze.
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo angesikhathi esingematasa lizikhokhela lodwa lapho igebe phakathi kwentengo yephansi neyephezulu likhulu, futhi likhokhela ngokushesha uma intela yokufunwa iklomelisa iphansi lephulanti eliphansi. Indlela imfushane: hambisa amandla efasiteleni elishibhile, linganisa umthamo kusukela ku-dT esebenzisekayo kanye nokwehliswa kwezinga ngenxa yokwahlukaniswa kwezingqimba, futhi qinisekisa ukuthi ukushaja kuqeda ngaphambi kokuba izinga lishintshe. Phinda izibalo ngezikhathi zonyaka, ngoba umehluko uyashintsha phakathi kobusika nehlobo. Umphumela ofanele uhanjiswe emhlanganweni wokuklama yizibalo ezintathu: amamitha ekhubikhi adingekayo, amahora okuhambisa isakhiwo sezinga eliwasekelayo, kanye nokonga kwonyaka ngamanani amanje.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela uhlelo lwakho lwentela namawindi esigodi, ehlombe kanye nesiqongo, ijika lakho lomthwalo wokupholisa, nokuthi ingabe intela yokufunwa iyasebenza. Sizobuyisela umthamo odingekayo, amahora okushintsha, ukubalwa kokonga kwonyaka, kanye nencazelo elinganiswe newindi lokushaja.
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