Ithangi Lamanzi Omlilo le-NFPA 22: Izidingo Nezincazelo
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lamanzi Omlilo le-NFPA 22: Izidingo Nezicaciso
Ithangi lamanzi omlilo le-NFPA 22 lichazwa isahluko esihambisana nokwakhiwa kwalo: Isahluko 6 samathangi ensimbi ye-carbon steel eboshiwe ehlanganisiwe ekhishwe efektri, Isahluko 5 samathangi ensimbi ashiselwe anomthamo wamandla adonsela phansi. Konke okunye kusebenza phezu kwalokho: Isahluko 12 izisekelo, Isahluko 14 ukuxhumana kwamapayipi nezingxenye, Izahluko 15 no-16 zezinsiza nokushisisa, Isahluko 17 ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa, Isahluko 18 ukuhlolwa nokunakekelwa.
Isingeniso
I-NFPA 22 iyindinganiso yokuklama, hhayi iqoqo elilodwa lezidingo zamathangi, futhi isinqumo sokuqala osithathayo lapho ucacisa ithangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yayo esebenza kulelo thangi eliphambi kwakho. Ukwakhiwa kwethangi ngakunye kuthola isahluko saso, futhi izahluko ezikhuluma ngezisekelo, amapayipi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukushisisa, ukuhlola nokubuyekezwa ziyasebenza phezu kwalokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithangi lenziwe ngaluphi uhlobo lwento. Isicaciso esisho isahluko esisodwa bese siyema lapho sibuya ekubuyekezweni.Le mhlahlandlela isebenza ngokwesakhiwo ngendlela oyisebenzisa ngayo lapho uthenga imishini. Qala ngesahluko esihambisana nohlobo lwethangi kanye nendinganiso yokwakhiwa engemuva kwalo, bese uhamba ngezahluko ezihlanganisa yonke into: ukuxhumana kwamapayipi nezingxenye zokuxhuma, izisekelo nokubophezeleka, izahluko zezinto ezisetshenziswayo nokushisisa, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola nokubuyekezwa umnikazi alithola lapho edluliselwa ithangi.Imikhuba emibili igcwele umbhalo. Izinombolo zezahluko zilandela uhlu lwezinto oluphakathi lwe-NFPA 22, ngakho Isahluko 6 ngamathangi ensimbi ye-carbon steel eboshwe ngamabhawudi futhi ehlanganiswe ekhaya kanti Isahluko 14 ukuxhumana kwamapayipi nezingxenye zokuxhuma. Futhi indinganiso ayisona isitifiketi: akukho lutho ku-NFPA 22 oluqinisekisa ithangi, i-coating noma umhlinzeki, ngakho zonke izimangalo ezisemthethweni ekuhanjisweni kufanele zikhombe embhalweni.
Indlela i-NFPA 22 ehlelwe ngayo nokuthi iyiphi isahluko elawula ithangi lakho
I-NFPA 22 ihlelwe ngezihloko, futhi imephu kufanele ifundwe ngaphambi kokuba ubhale incazelo. Isahluko 4 siqukethe ulwazi olujwayelekile olusebenza kuyo yonke ithangi elisemkhakheni. Izahluko zezinhlobo zamathangi ziyalandela: Isahluko 5 samathangi adonsela phansi kanye namathangi okudonsa ensimbi ekhabhoni ashiselwe kanye nokhonkolo oyinhlanganisela nensimbi ekhabhoni, Isahluko 6 samathangi ensimbi ekhabhoni aboshwe ngamabhawodi afakwe ekhoneni, Isahluko 7 samathangi okucindezela kanye neSahluko 11 samathangi epulasitiki eqiniswe ngentshele. Izahluko kuzo zonke izinhlobo yiSahluko 12 sezisekelo zamathangi nemibhoshongo emhlabathini, Isahluko 14 sokuxhumana kwamapayipi nezingxenye zokufaka, Isahluko 15 sezindawo zokuvala amavalvu nokuvikelwa kwesiqhuqhuva, Isahluko 16 sokushisisa ithangi, Isahluko 17 sezidingo zokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kanye neSahluko 18 sokuhlola, ukuhlolwa nokunakekelwa kwamathangi amanzi.
Two questions decide your path through the standard. What is the tank made of and how is it assembled, and is it a gravity tank or a pressure tank? A specification that answers both and then cites the chapters in order is defensible at review. One that starts from a product datasheet and adds the words NFPA 22 to it is not.
Izahluko zezinhlobo zamathangi kanye nezinga lokwakha elizisekela
Izahluko zezinhlobo zamathangi azinemithetho yazo yokuklama kwesakhiwo. Zikhomba endaweni yokwakha, futhi lezi zincwadi ezimbili ndawonye zakha isisekelo sokuthunyelwa.
Isahluko 5, sezitsha zensimbi ekhabhoni ezidayisiwe kanye namathangi adonsela phansi enhlanganisela kakhonkolo nensimbi ekhabhoni, sisebenza ne-AWWA D100 yokuklanywa kwamathangi okugcina amanzi ensimbi kanye ne-AWWA D102 yokugcotshwa kwamathangi okugcina amanzi ensimbi. Isahluko 6, samathangi ensimbi ekhabhoni aboshiwe agcotshwe efektri, sisebenza ne-AWWA D103 yokuklanywa, izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukwenziwa nokufakwa kwamathangi ensimbi ekhabhoni aboshiwe agcotshwe efektri, futhi i-AWWA D103 ivumela izinhlelo ezine zokugcoba efektri zalawo mathangi: i-galvanized, ingilazi (ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi), i-thermoset liquid suspension kanye ne-thermoset powder. Isahluko 7 siletha i-ASME BPVC Section VIII lapho ithangi liyisitsha somfutho, futhi Isahluko 11 siqukethe izimfuneko eziqondene namathangi epulasitiki aqiniswe nge-fiberglass.
Encwadini yakho yokucacisa, bhala zombili izinkomba esikhundleni sokukodwa. Ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi elichazwa njengokwakhiwa kwe-AWWA D103, elifakwe ngokuhambisana ne-NFPA 22 Isahluko 6, lisho izinga lokwakha kanye nezinga lokuvikela umlilo emshweni owodwa, okuyikho okubhangqwayo umhloli weziphathimandla akulindele.
Ukuxhumana kwamapayipi, izinto zokuxhuma kanye nokuhlelwa kokukhipha
Isahluko 14 sinesihloko esithi Ukuxhumana Kwamapayipi Nezinto Zokuxhuma. Silawula konke okuxhumanisa ithangi nohlelo lokuvikela umlilo: ukuxhumana kokukhipha epompini yomlilo, umugqa wokugcwalisa, ukuchichima, ukudonsa kanye nokuhlelwa kokuhlanza, amavalvu, izinto zokuxhuma kanye nezinsimbi ezibika izinga nesimo.
Isakhiwo sokukhipha amanzi yilapho izinqumo zobunjiniyela zigxila khona. Usayizi wepayipi unqunywa umthamo wethangi kanye nokugeleza okufanele kuthathwe yipompo, ngakho-ke ukulinganisa kokukhipha amanzi akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa nosayizi wethangi noma ukukhethwa kwepompo. Indawo yokuphuma kufanele idonse umfudlana ogcwele kunokuba kube ne-vortex, yingakho izinto zokuvimbela i-vortex kanye nokuphakama kwendawo yokuphuma uma kuqhathaniswa naphansi kwethangi kubalulekile. Uhlangothi lokudonsa kufanele futhi lukwazi ukudayinwa futhi lusekelwe, futhi ukugcwaliswa kufanele kulinganiswe ukuze ithangi likwazi ukuphinda ligcwaliswe ngesikhathi isisekelo somklamo esivumela ngaso, okuvame ukusetwa yindinganiso yesistimu yokuvikela umlilo, hhayi yi-NFPA 22.
Isahluko 14 akusona isahluko sokwakha. Ukujiya kwamapuleti, ukuklanywa kophahla, ukumboza kanye nokubopha kusezahlukweni 5, 6 kanye no-12.
Izisekelo, ukuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokubopha
Isahluko 12 sihlanganisa izisekelo zamathangi nemibhoshongo emhlabathini. Sixhumanisa ithangi olithengayo nomhlabathi owakhela kuwo, futhi yilapho umngcele phakathi komhlinzeki nonjiniyela wesiza kufanele udwetshwe khona ngokubhala.
Icala lokuzamazama komhlaba aliyona inombolo eyodwa. Ithangi liklanyelwa inhlanganisela yoketshezi elikugcinayo ezingeni lalo lokuklanywa, umthwalo wokufa kwegobolondo nophahla, umoya, kanye nezenzo zokuzamazama komhlaba ezichazwe yikhodi yokwakha eyamukelwe, ezisetshenziswa namapharamitha okuzamazama komhlaba aqondene nesiza sendawo, isigaba sesiza kanye nesigaba sobungozi. Ithangi eliyindilinga lilayisha indandatho yalo yesisekelo ngokungalingani, futhi udonga kufanele luhlolwe ukuthi aliqhumezi yini ngaphansi kwengcindezi yoketshezi ngokuvinjelwa okunikezwa uphahla ngempela.
I-Anchorage iyingxenye evame ukushiywa ivulekile. Umkhiqizi wethangi unikeza imininingwane ye-anchorage kanye nemithwalo eyibekayo; unjiniyela obhalisiwe wesiza uklama isisekelo kanye ne-anchorage ngokukhodi eyamukelwe futhi uyisayina; isiphathimandla siyayibuyekeza. Akekho kulaba abathathu ongathatha indawo yabanye.
Isahluko sokugcwalisa, ukuchichima kanye nezinsiza
Ukugcwalisa, ukuchichima nokudonsa amanzi kuyimibuzo yamapayipi, ngakho Isahluko 14 siyabusa, futhi kunqunywa kanye nomthombo wamanzi. Umugqa wokugcwalisa ungavela kumugqa wamanzi oqondile womlilo, kusuka ekuxhumaneni kukamasipala okunokuhlangana kokuhlehla kwamanzi, noma kupompo yokugcwalisa enikezwa isitoreji esihlukile, futhi ukuhlelwa ngakunye kushintsha izinga lokugcwalisa ongalithemba.
Ukuchichima kufanele kukalwe ukuze kwamukele noma yini engalethwa ukugcwalisa, futhi kufanele kukhishwe ngaphandle kwesisekelo ngendlela umugqa oqandisiwe noma ovalekile ongeke ucinezele ugobolondo. Ukuhlelwa kokudonsa nokuhlanza kususa inzika futhi kuvumela ithangi ukuthi likhishwe futhi lihlolwe, okuxhumanisa ngqo nokubuyela kuSahluko 18.
Isahluko 15 sibhekana nezivalo zama-valve nokuvikelwa kwesiqhuqhuva, ngakho lapho ama-valve ekhona ngaphandle esimweni sezulu esibandayo, isivalo, ukufakwa kwe-insulation kanye nokulandelelwa kokushisa kuchazwa lapho. Isahluko 16 sihlanganisa ukushisisa ithangi lapho amanzi agciniwe kufanele agcinwe ngaphezu kwezinga lokubanda noma lapho isisekelo somklamo sidinga ithangi elishisisiwe. Izidingo ezijwayelekile zeSahluko 4 zisebenza kulo lonke ithangi, noma yiluphi uhlobo.
Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kanye nohlelo lokuhlola nokunakekela
Isahluko 17 sibeka izidingo zokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa: ukuhlolwa okufanele kuqedwe futhi kubhalwe phansi ngaphambi kokuba ithangi lisetshenziswe. Isahluko 18 sibeka uhlelo olulandelayo, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa kanye nokunakekela amathangi amanzi phakathi nempilo yawo yokusebenza.
Izivivinyo zokwamukela yilapho imibhalo kanye nomsebenzi wangempela kuhlangana khona. Ukwakhiwa kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokuqhathaniswa namadrowa agunyaziwe, i-coating ngokuqhathaniswa nohlelo olucacisiwe, kanye namapayipi, ama-valve kanye nezinsimbi zokulinganisa esimweni esifakiwe. Ithangi eligcwele elimele liyisivivinyo sokuvuza esilula kunazo zonke, futhi imfuneko yokwamukela iwuhlu olubhaliwe lwalokho okufanele kufakazelwe nokuthi ubani osayinayo.
Isahluko 18 bese sinikeza ithangi kumnikazi ngohlelo: ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi nokuhlanza, ukuhlolwa kwesimo se-coating nokulungiswa, kanye namarekhodi akhombisa ukuthi ithangi linakekelwe. Nikeza lolo hlelo kanye nephakethe lemibhalo, kanye nethempulethi yombiko wokuhlola kanye nenqubo yokulungisa ye-coating system eyanikezwa. Ithimba lokunakekela lomnikazi lizosebenzisa womabili amadokhumenti minyaka yonke impilo yethangi.
Ukubhala incazelo yethangi ye-NFPA 22
Imininingwane yethangi evunyelwe ekubuyekezweni ifundeka njengohlu lwezibopho eziqinisekisekayo, futhi i-oda lifushane ngokwanele ukuba likwazi ukugcinwa ekhanda lakho.
· Shono uhlobo lwethangi, izinga lokwakhiwa kanye nesahluko se-NFPA 22 ndawonye, ukuze umfundi azi ukuthi iyini le nkomishi nokuthi yimiphi imibandela yokuvikela umlilo esebenza kuyo, futhi shono uhlelo lwe-NFPA 22 oklama ngalo.
· Nikeza isisekelo somthamo ngamazwi esisekelo sokuklama: ukugeleza komlilo nesikhathi esisebenziwe, ivolumu eyisisekelo, kanye namavolumu asebenzisekayo nasebenzayo asele ngemva kokukhishwa kwevolumu engasebenziseki.
· Chaza uhlelo lokumboza ngegama, futhi udinge amarekhodi alufakazelayo.
· Shono isisekelo somklamo wesakhiwo kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba, kuhlanganise nohlelo lokushicilelwa kanye nokuthi ubani osayina umklamo wokubopha, futhi kucace ukuthi umklamo wesisekelo sendawo awufakwanga esicelweni sethangi.
· Bhala izinto ezidingekayo ngeSahluko 14, iSahluko 15 kanye neSahluko 16 kanye nosayizi wazo olawulayo.
· Dinga imiphumela yokuhlola nokuhlola: uhlelo lokuhlola nokuhlola olunamaphuzu okumisa, amarekhodi okuhlola okwamukelekayo eSahluko 17, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola lweSahluko 18.
· Bhala uhlu lokunikezela, ukuze amarekhodi afike nethangi esikhundleni sokucelwa unyaka kamuva.
Ukwehluleka okuvamile kwencazelo ezindaweni zokuhlola
Ama-submittal amaningi abuyisiwe ehluleka emaphuzwini ambalwa afanayo. Izinombolo zezahluko azilungile noma azikho: Isahluko 14 siyizixhumanisi namapayipi, hhayi isahluko sokumboza, ukwakhiwa noma sokuzamazama komhlaba, futhi ithangi lensimbi eliboshiwe liyithangi leSahluko 6. Umusho othi NFPA 22 compliant uvela ngaphandle kohlelo lokushicilela nangaphandle kwendinganiso yokwakhiwa eyisekela, ngakho awuqinisekisi lutho. Ukumboza kuchazwa njengokusebenza, hhayi njengohlelo.
Umthamo unikezwa njengevolumu ephelele eyodwa, efihla ivolumu umpompo ongayisebenzisa ngempela. Idizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba nokubopha isayinwe umhlinzeki wethangi futhi iphelela lapho, kungabangwa igama likanjiniyela oqoshiwe wesisekelo, ngakho akekho ophendulayo. Ukugcwalisa, ukuchichima nokukhipha kudwetshwe ngaphandle kobukhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kweSahluko 17 kanye nohlelo lokuhlola lweSahluko 18 akukho emibhalweni yokulethwa, ngakho umnikazi uzuza ithangi kanye nefolda yemidwebo futhi akukho okunye. Futhi ithangi elifikayo akulona njalo ithangi elaligunyaziwe, ngoba izinhlelo zobukhulu kanye nezindawo zokukhishwa kwamanzi ziyavumelaniswa esangweni lefekthri, ngemva kokuba umklamo usufixiwe.
Imephu Yezahluko ze-NFPA 22: Isahluko Ngasinye Silawula Ini
Isahluko | Isihloko | Sisebenza Ku | Ubufakazi Efayeleni Lokudluliswa |
4 | Ulwazi olujwayelekile | Wonke amathangi asemkhakheni | Isisekelo sokuklama, isitatimende somthamo kanye nedatha ejwayelekile umnikazi ayifayilayo |
5 | Amathangi wensimbi ekhabhoni ashiselwe kanye namathangi wengxube yokhonkolo nensimbi ekhabhoni adonswa amandla womhlaba kanye namathangi wokudonsa | Amathangi ensimbi ashiselwe | Ukuklama kwesakhiwo ngokwe-AWWA D100 ngokugcotshwa ngokwe-AWWA D102 |
6 | Amathangi ensimbi ekhabhoni aboshwe ngezinto, agcotshwe efektri | Amathangi ensimbi aboshwe ngezinto | Amarekhodi okuklama, ukwakhiwa nokufakwa ngokwe-AWWA D103 |
7 | Amathangi wengcindezi | Amathangi asebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi | Ukuklanywa kwesitsha ngokwe-ASME BPVC Section VIII kanye nezimfuneko zesiza |
11 | Amathangi epulasitiki aqiniswe nge-fiberglass | Amathangi e-FRP | Idizayini nemibhalo eqondene ne-FRP |
12 | Izisekelo zamathangi nemibhoshongo emhlabathini | Ukugcinwa emhlabathini | Idizayini yesisekelo nokubalwa kokubopha okufakwe uphawu lwesayithi |
14 | Ukuxhumana kwamapayipi nezingxenye zokuxhuma | Wonke amathangi | Uhlu lokukhipha, lokugcwalisa, lokuchichima, lokudonsa nokwevalvu namasayizi |
15 | Izivalo zamavalvu nokuvikelwa ekubandeni | Izimo sezulu ezibandayo | Imininingwane yezivalo, i-insulation nokulandelela ukushisa |
16 | Ukushisisa ithangi | Ukufakwa kwamathangi ashisisiwe | Idizayini yohlelo lokushisisa nencazelo yokulawula |
17 | Izidingo zokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa | Wonke amathangi | Amarekhodi okuhlolwa kokwamukelwa asayiniwe ethangini eliqediwe |
18 | Ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa nokunakekelwa kwamathangi amanzi | Wonke amathangi | Uhlelo lokuhlola, ithempulethi yombiko kanye nenqubo yokulungisa i-coating |
Uhlu lokuhlola lwezinto zokuthenga: Imfuneko, Isithenjwa Sokulawula, Idokhumenti Okufanele Idindwe
Imfuneko | Isithenjwa Sokulawula | Idokhumenti Okufanele Idindwe | Ukwehluleka Okuvamile |
Uhlobo lwethangi kanye nokwakhiwa | NFPA 22 Isahluko 6 kanye ne-AWWA D103 (eboshiwe) noma Isahluko 5 kanye ne-AWWA D100 (eshiselwe) | Imidwebo yokwakha kanye nokuklanywa kwesakhiwo sethangi | Isahluko sishiwo kodwa izinga lokwakha lishiyiwe |
Uhlelo lwencwadi evamile | NFPA 22, uhlelo olushiwo encwadini yokucacisa | Uhlelo olushiwo kanye nesimo sokubuyekezwa | I-NFPA 22 ehambisanayo ngaphandle kohlelo nangaphandle kokuqukethwe okuqinisekisekayo |
Isisekelo somthamo | Isisekelo sedizayini sithathwe kustandadi wohlelo lokuvikela umlilo | Ukugeleza komlilo, isikhathi, umthamo omisiwe, umthamo osebenzisekayo nomthamo osebenzayo | Umthamo ophelele oshicilelwe njengomthamo osebenzisekayo |
Uhlelo lokumboza | I-AWWA D103 yamathangi aboshiwe, i-AWWA D102 yamathangi ashiselelwe | Uhlelo olushiwo kanye namarekhodi okulungiselela, ukujiya nokuhlolwa kwe-holiday | Isithembiso sokusebenza esikhundleni sohlelo olushiwo |
Ukuklanywa kwesakhiwo kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba | Ikhodi yokwakha eyamukelwe enezimo eziqondene nendawo | Izimo zokuzamazama komhlaba, inhlanganisela yemithwalo kanye nokuklanywa kwe-anchorage okusayiniwe | Umhlinzeki usayinela ukuklanywa kwendawo angakulawuliyo |
Izisekelo | NFPA 22 Isahluko 12 | Ukuklanywa kwesisekelo kanye nethebula lokulayisha ithangi elivela kumkhiqizi | Isisekelo esiklanywe ngaphandle kwedatha yokulayisha ithangi |
Ukuxhumana kwamapayipi kanye nezinto zokuxhuma | NFPA 22 Isahluko 14 | Ukuhlelwa kwamapayipi, ukubalwa kosayizi wokukhipha kanye nohlu lwamavalvu | Ukukhipha, ukugcwalisa nokuchichima kudwetshwe ngaphandle kosayizi |
Izinto ezihambisana nokuvikelwa ekugxineni | NFPA 22 Isahluko 15 no-16 | Imininingwane yendawo yokuvalwa kwamavalvu nokulandelelwa kokushisa, ukuklanywa kokushisa | Amavalvu ashiywe evelele esimweni sezulu esigxina |
Ukuhlola nokuhlolwa | NFPA 22 Isahluko 17 no-18 | Amarekhodi okuhlolwa kokwamukelwa, uhlelo lokuhlola kanye nenqubo yokulungisa | Imibhalo yocwaningo eyacelwa unyaka ngemva kokunikezelwa |
Ukuvumelanisa kokunikezela | Irekhodi lephrojekthi kanye nokuthunyelwa okugunyaziwe | Uhlelo lwezilinganiso nolwamaphimbo olwakhiwe ngokwemidwebo egunyaziwe | Imidwebo egunyaziwe kanye nethangi elethiwe akukaze kuvumelaniswe |
Inkomba Yephrojekthi
Irekhodi lesiphakamiso sephrojekthi libika ukufakwa kwamanzi omlilo endishini yensimbi ehlanganiswe ngengilazi eboshwe ngamabhawudi enevolumu yokugcina iyonke engu-1320 m3, eyaqedwa ngo-2023. Irekhodi elishicilelwe lalokhu kufakwa alinikezi indawo yesiza, ngakho-ke akushiwo lapha, futhi nobukhulu bendishi abushicilelwe. Isiphakamiso sifakiwe ngenxa yobukhulu kanye nohlobo lokwakha olusetshenziswayo; asinikezwa njengobufakazi bokuhambisana ne-NFPA 22, ngoba asikho isitatimende sokuhambisana salokhu kufakwa esirekhodiwe.
Indawo | Insizakalo | Ingqikithi Yevolumu Yokugcina | Unyaka |
Akukho okurekhodiwe | Insizakalo yamanzi omlilo | Umthamo wokugcina ophelele ongu-1320 m3 | 2023 |
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd.) iklama futhi yakha amathangi okugcina insimbi eboliwe, amathangi ensimbi ashiselwe, amathangi e-epoxy ahlanganiswe ngokuncibilika, amathangi e-galvanized, izitsha zensimbi engagqwali, izitsha zengcindezi, uphahla lwedome le-aluminium geodesic kanye nophahla oluntantayo. Inkampani inolwazi lokukhiqiza olungaphezu kweminyaka engu-30 futhi isihlinzeke ngemishini kumaphrojekthi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Uphahla lwedome le-aluminium geodesic luklanywa futhi lwakhiwe ngokwe-API 650 Appendix G, AWWA D108, i-Aluminum Design Manual, i-ASCE 7 kanye ne-IBC, futhi inkampani yathuthukisa futhi yathumela uphahla lwedome le-aluminium olungububanzi obungu-72 m ngo-2023. Ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa, ukugcotshwa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nensizakalo yasendaweni kusingathwa njengomsebenzi owodwa, yingakho imidwebo, isisekelo sokubala kanye nezingxenyekazi ezilethiwe kungahlanganiswa ndawonye.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yini ngempela ehlanganiswa yi-NFPA 22?
I-NFPA 22 ihlanganisa amathangi amanzi asetshenziswa ekuvikelweni komlilo kwangasese: ukuthi ithangi lakhiwa kanjani, lisungulwa kanjani, lixhunywe kanjani ohlelweni lokuvikela umlilo, yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezilidingayo, lishiswa kanjani lapho kudingeka khona, lihlolwa kanjani ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa nokuthi lihlolwa futhi linakekelwa kanjani ngemuva kwalokho. Kuyindinganiso yokuklama, futhi akusona isitifiketi somkhiqizo. Asikho isitifiketi se-NFPA 22 esikhishwa umhlinzeki futhi asikho isiphathimandla esisamukelayo esikhundleni sokuklama kanye nemibhalo yaso.
Yisiphi isahluko se-NFPA 22 esisebenza kuthangi lensimbi eliboshiwe lamanzi omlilo?
Isahluko 6, Amathangi Ensimbi Ekhabhoni Aboshiwe, Asetshenziswa Efejithorini. Isahluko 6 sisebenza ne-AWWA D103 ekuklanyweni, ezintweni zokwakha, ekwenziweni nasekufakweni kwamathangi ensimbi ekhabhoni aboshiwe asetshenziswa efejithorini, futhi sengeza izimfuneko zokuvikelwa emlilweni eziyisisekelo, ekuxhumaneni kwamapayipi, ezintweni ezihambisana nawo, ekuhlolweni nasekuhlolisisweni. Ithangi lensimbi elisindayo elishiselwe liyisahluko 5 esikhundleni salokho, ithangi lomfutho liyisahluko 7, kanti ithangi lepulasitiki eliqiniswe ngefasibha liyisahluko 11.
Isahluko sokuxhumana kwamapayipi nezingxenye ezihambisana nawo sifuna ini?
Isahluko 14 sikhuluma ngokuxhumana kokukhipha amanzi empompini yomlilo, umugqa wokugcwalisa, ukuchichima, izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi nokuhlanza, amavalvu, izinto zokuxhuma kanye nezinsimbi zokulinganisa izinga nesimo. Empeleni uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi lushayela umklamo: usayizi wokuphuma kufanele uhambisane nomthamo wethangi nesidingo sepompo, indawo yokuphuma kufanele idonse umfudlana ogcwele ngaphandle kokwakha isivunguvungu esingagwinya ipompo, futhi ukugcwalisa kufanele kubuyisele umthamo odingekayo ngesikhathi isisekelo somklamo esikuvumelayo.
Ingabe i-NFPA 22 iyasebenza kumathangi aboshiwe kanye namathangi ashiselelwe?
Yebo. I-NFPA 22 ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbalwa zokwakhiwa kwamathangi futhi inikeza ngayinye isahluko sayo, ngakho-ke incazelo yokucacisa ibiza ukwakhiwa kanye nesahluko ndawonye: amathangi adonsela phansi ensimbi yekhabhoni ashiselwe kanye nekhonkrithi eyinhlanganisela nensimbi yekhabhoni angesiSahluko 5, amathangi ensimbi yekhabhoni aboshwe ngezembazo ezifakwe embozweni wasefekthri angesiSahluko 6, amathangi omfutho angesiSahluko 7 kanti amathangi epulasitiki eqiniswe ngentshele yengilazi angesiSahluko 11. Izahluko ezihlanganisa izisekelo, amapayipi, izinto zokungeza, ukuhlolwa nokubuyekezwa ziyasebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwakhiwa kungoluni.
Ubani osayina imibhalo yobufakazi bokuzamazama komhlaba nokubophelela?
Ungqongqoshe womsebenzi obhalisiwe obhekele isiza usayina ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo nokubopha, esebenzisa amapharamitha okuzamazama komhlaba kuleyo ndawo ngaphansi kwekhodi yokwakha emukelwe. Umkhiqizi wethangi uklama ithangi ngokwalo futhi anikeze idatha yokulayisha nemininingwane yokubopha. Isiphathimandla esinegunya sokwahlulela sibuyekeza umphumela. Ukubalwa kwethangi komhlinzeki akukufaki isisekelo, futhi umdwebo wesisekelo awukufaki ithangi.
Yimaphi amarekhodi i-AHJ ewadingayo ngaphambi kokugunyaza ithangi?
Isethi yokuhambisa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amadrowa okwakha kanye nomklamo wesakhiwo sethangi, ukukhonjwa kohlelo lokumboza kanye namarekhodi okumboza asefekthri, umklamo wesisekelo nokubopha ogunyazwe unjiniyela oqoshiwe, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola nokuvivinya. Esigabeni sokuvala isiphathimandla sifuna ubufakazi bokuthi izivivinyo zokwamukela zeSahluko 17 zaqedwa, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola lweSahluko 18 kanye nemibhalo yokunakekela enikezwa kanye nethangi. Cela isiphathimandla ifomethi yokuhambisa kusenesikhathi, ngoba uhlu lubekwa endaweni.
Ingabe i-NFPA 22 iyisitifiketi noma izinga lokuklama?
Kuyindinganiso yokuklama. I-NFPA 22 ibeka izimfuneko okufanele ithangi lihlangabezane nazo kanye nemibhalo eyazibonisa; ayiqinisekisi amathangi, izinto zokumboza noma abakhiqizi, futhi asikho isitifiketi okufanele sitholwe kuyo. Ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo yabanye abantu kuyindlela ehlukile ngaphansi kwenhlangano ehlukile, futhi isimangalo sokugunyazwa sibaluleka kuphela ngokwalokho okuboniswa yirekhodi elingemuva kwaso. Ithangi elihambisana nemithetho likhonjiswa ngokuklama, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kanye nokwamukelwa yisiphathimandla.
Ingabe ithangi le-GFS lingasetshenziswa njengethangi lamanzi omlilo le-NFPA 22?
Yebo. Ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi ingenye yezinhlelo ezine zokumboza zasefektri i-AWWA D103 eziyivumelayo amathangi aboshiwe, ngakho ithangi eliboshiwe le-GFS lakhiwa futhi lifakwe ngaphansi kweSahluko 6 njenganoma yiliphi elinye ithangi eliboshiwe elimbotshwe efektri, futhi ingxenye esele yezinga isebenza ngokungashintshi. I-NFPA 22 ayibeki uhlelo lokumboza. Idinga ukuthi ukwakhiwa kuhlangabezane nezinga lokuklama okubhekiselwe kulo kanye nezidingo zendawo zaneliswe, futhi ukukhethwa kokumboza kwenziwa ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi, imvelo kanye nohlelo lokunakekela umnikazi angakwazi ngempela ukulusekela.
Ithangi lamanzi omlilo le-NFPA 22 iyingqikithi yesahluko sohlobo kanye nezahluko eziwela imingcele ezisebenza kulo, futhi isiphathimandla sikubukeza njengephakethe hhayi njengedatha yomkhiqizo. Khetha Isahluko 5, Isahluko 6, Isahluko 7 noma Isahluko 11 somkhumbi, bese udlulisa Isahluko 12, Isahluko 14, Izahluko 15 no-16, Isahluko 17 no-18 kulo lonke ukucaciswa okufanayo. Okuhlanganisa iphakethe yirekhodi elingemuva kwesibopho ngasinye: amarekhodi okumboza, umklamo wesakhiwo nokubophelela osayinwe unjiniyela werekhodi, ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola oludlula iqembu lephrojekthi. Sithumelele isevisi, isisekelo somthamo, ikhodi eyamukelwe kanye nemikhawulo yesiza, futhi sizobuyisela ukucaciswa kwethangi elakhiwe ngalezo zahluko, ngohlelo lokumboza, isisekelo sesakhiwo kanye namadokhumenti okudlulisela esewachaziwe.
Khuluma Nethimba Lethu Lobunjiniyela
Thumela umsebenzi, isisekelo somthamo, ikhodi elawulayo kanye nemikhawulo yesiza, futhi ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lizobuya nencazelo yokucacisa umhlinzeki angayikhokhela futhi umhloli angayigunyaza. Sizokutshela futhi ngokucacile lapho uhlobo oluhlukile lwethangi noma umkhakha ohlukile kuyimpendulo engcono.
WhatsApp