Ithangi Lamanzi Omlilo le-NFPA 22: Izidingo Zokugcotshwa, Ukuzamazama Komhlaba Nokuhlolwa
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lamanzi Omlilo le-NFPA 22: Izidingo Zokumboza, Ukuzamazama Komhlaba Nokuhlola
Ukumboza akusona isahluko esihlukile se-NFPA 22. Kutholakala ngaphakathi kwezahluko zohlobo lwethangi: Isahluko 5 samathangi ensimbi yekhabhoni ashiselwe kanye nokumbozwa ngokwe-AWWA D102, kanye neSahluko 6 samathangi aboshiwe akhishwe efektri abakhiwe ngokwe-AWWA D103, okuvumela izinhlelo ezine zokumboza zasefekthri. Idizayini yokuzamazama komhlaba ivela kukhodi yokwakha eyamukelwe, izisekelo zivela eSahlukweni 12, kanti ukuhlolwa nokunakekela kuvela eZahlukweni 17 no-18.
Isingeniso
Izidingo ezintathu zinquma iningi lezicaciso zamathangi amanzi omlilo, futhi ngasinye siphendulwa yidokhumenti ehlukile. Ukumboza kuphendulwa yisahluko sohlobo lwethangi kanye nezinga lokwakha elingemuva kwalo. Ukuklanywa kwezokuzamazama komhlaba nokwakheka kuphendulwa yikhodi yezakhiwo esamukelwe yisifunda esiphethe, kanye nezidingo zesisekelo. Uhlelo lokuhlola luphendulwa yi-NFPA 22 ngokwayo, futhi ubufakazi obuvala iphakethe uhlu lwamadokhumenti umkhiqizi awunikeza kanye nethangi. Lo mhlahlandlela usebenza kulezi zintambo ezintathu ngokulandelana okuhlangana nazo kuphrojekthi: yisiphi isahluko esilawula ukumboza kuhlobo ngalunye lwethangi, izinhlelo zokumboza zasefektri i-AWWA D103 ezivumelayo ngethangi lensimbi yekhabhoni eboshiwe, izibalo umhlinzeki wethangi azenzayo uma ziqhathaniswa nalezo uminjiniya werekhodi azisayinayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa, uhlelo lokuhlola kanye nephakethe lamadokhumenti athwala ubufakazi. Kubhalelwe abacacisi bokuvikela umlilo kanye nabahlinzeki bamathangi abavikela ithangi phambi kwesiphathimandla.
Yiziphi izahluko ezilawula ukumbozwa, isakhiwo kanye nokuhlolwa
I-NFPA 22 ihlukanisa izibopho ezinquma ukucaciswa kwethangi lamanzi omlilo ezindaweni ezine. Ukugcotshwa akusona isahluko esizimele. Kuhlala ngaphakathi kwezahluko zohlobo lwethangi: Isahluko 5 sihlanganisa insimbi yekhabhoni edidiyelwe kanye nokhonkolo oyinhlanganisela kanye namathangi adonswa amandla womhlabathi kanye namathangi okudonsa, lapho ukuklanywa kwethangi kulandela i-AWWA D100 futhi ukugcotshwa kwamathangi ensimbi okugcina amanzi kulandela i-AWWA D102. Isahluko 6 sihlanganisa amathangi ensimbi yekhabhoni agcotshwe efektri, aboshiwe, lapho ukugcotshwa kuyingxenye yomkhiqizo wasefektri futhi ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kulandela i-AWWA D103. Isahluko 11 sihlanganisa amathangi epulasitiki aqiniswe nge-fiberglass, lapho kungekho kugcotshwa kwensimbi okufanele kucaciswe.
Isakhiwo sitholakala eSahlukweni 12, izisekelo zamathangi nemibhoshongo emhlabathini, kanye nolwazi olujwayelekile eSahlukweni 4. Ukuhlolwa kutholakala eSahlukweni 18, kanti ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa okungaphambi kwako kuseSahlukweni 17. ISahluko 14, ukuxhumana kwamapayipi nezingxenye zokuxhuma, kuvame ukudidaniswa nesahluko sokumboza: silawula indlela ithangi elixhuma ngayo ohlelweni lokuvikela umlilo, hhayi igobolondo, uphahla noma ukumbozwa.
Izidingo zokumboza ezahlukweni zamathangi ashiselwe kanye namathangi aboshiwe
Lezi zahluko ezimbili zamathangi ziphatha ukumbozwa ngendlela ehlukile, futhi umehluko ubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba ubhale isigatshana.
Ithangi lensimbi ye-carbon steel eline-welding ngaphansi kweSahluko 5 iyisitsha esakhiwe endaweni. Amapulangwe ashiselwa endaweni futhi i-coating isetshenziswa ensimbini elungisiwe ngaphansi kwe-AWWA D102. Ngakho-ke isicaciso sisho amasistimu angaphakathi nangaphandle ngokwehlukana, ngoba asebenza ekuchayekeni okuhlukene. I-coating yangaphakathi kufanele ihambisane namanzi agciniwe futhi ihlale iphelele ngaphansi kohlelo lokuhlanza nokuhlola okucatshangwa yiSahluko 18. I-coating yangaphandle ithwala isimo sezulu, ukuchayeka kwe-ultraviolet kanye nendawo yokuchaphaza.
Ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawodi ngaphansi kweSahluko 6 lifika nokumboza kwalo sekukhona ensimbi, okusetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuthi amaphaneli agingqwe futhi ahlanganiswe. Lokho kushintsha lokho okucacisayo nokuhlolayo: esikhundleni sohlelo olusetshenziswa endaweni ngomsebenzi wekontraka, ucacisa uhlelo lwasefektri olunqubo elawulwayo futhi uluhlola ngamarekhodi. Noma kungaba yikuphi, izinto ezintathu kufanele zibe sesigabeni: izinga lokumboza kanye nezinga lokulungiselela, ububanzi bogqinsi lwefilimu eyomile kanye nendlela nenani lezilinganiso, kanye nenqubo yokulungisa umonakalo ngemva kokumboza.
Izinhlelo zokumboza ingqalasizinda yefektri yamathangi aboshiwe angase isebenzise
I-AWWA D103 ivumela izinhlelo ezine zokumboza zefektri zamathangi anensimbi ekhabhoni aboshiwe: i-galvanized, ingilazi (ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi), i-thermoset liquid suspension, kanye ne-thermoset powder.
I-insimbi eqinisiwe iyona elula ukuyicacisa, ngoba akukho sikhwepha sokufaka. Ungqimba lukazingi luwukuvikela, futhi imininingwane idlulela ekwenziweni, ekunakekelweni kwezimbobo zokuphefumula nemiphetho esikiwe, kanye nemikhawulo yekhwalithi yamanzi lapho ithangi elifanayo liphinda liphathe nokunikezwa kwamanzi okuphuza. Ingilazi encanyaniswe nensimbi iwumhlobiso wengilazi oncanyaniswa nensimbi ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, ngakho indawo eyonakele ayikwazi ukulungiswa ngezinto eziwuketshezi; ilungiswa ngesiqeshana sensimbi noma ngokulungiswa okuncanyanisiwe, futhi inqubo leyo ingeyokunikezela. I-thermoset liquid suspension isetshenziswa njengoketshezi, ilula ukulungisa endaweni. I-thermoset powder isetshenziswa epuletini elishisisiwe futhi incanyaniswe, umndeni we-fusion-bonded epoxy ungaphansi kwalokhu.
Khetha ngokusekelwe emanzini agciniwe, imvelo, ukulungiswa kwendawo okulindelekile kanye nekhono lokulungisa elitholakalayo endaweni. Bese ubhala uhlelo olukhethiwe emgqeni wokucacisa ngegama, kanye nezinga lokulungiselela, ukujiya kwefilimu eyomile, ukuhlolwa kwe-holiday kanye nenqubo yokulungisa.
Imithwalo yokuzamazama komhlaba neyesakhiwo: yini okufanele ibalwe futhi ngubani
Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sethangi lamanzi omlilo kuhlukaniswa phakathi komkhumbi, indawo yokubopha kanye nesisekelo, futhi lokhu kuhlukaniswa kufanele kube semgqeni wokucacisa ngoba umhloli uzobuza ukuthi ngubani ogunyaze ini.
Igobolondo, uphahla kanye namajoyinti kuklanywe umkhiqizi wethangi ngokwezinga lokwakha lohlobo lwethangi: i-AWWA D103 yethangi lensimbi ekhabhoni eliboshwe ngamabhawudi elifakwe ekhaya lokukhiqiza, i-AWWA D100 yethangi lensimbi ekhabhoni elishiselwe. Isethi yemithwalo ivela endaweni kanye nekhodi yokwakha eyamukelwe: umthwalo wesisindo esimile, umthwalo we-hydrostatic wamanzi agciniwe, umoya kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngendlela ejwayelekile isidingo sokuzamazama komhlaba siyi-base shear elingana ne-coefficient yokuphendula iphindwe ngesisindo esisebenzayo sokuzamazama komhlaba, i-V = Cs iphindwe nge-W, lapho i-Cs iyi-coefficient yokuphendula evela kukhodi eyamukelwe futhi i-W iyisisindo esisebenzayo esihlanganisa namanzi agciniwe ezingeni lokuklama. Ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic ekujuleni h ilandela i-p = rho iphindwe nge-g iphindwe nge-h, futhi i-anchorage kumele imelane nokugingqika nokushibilika okulandelayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa komthwalo wemfanelo: umkhiqizi unikeza idizayini yethangi, imithwalo yedizayini, imininingwane ye-anchor kanye nemithwalo ye-anchorage. Unjiniyela obhalisiwe wesizinda udizayina isisekelo kanye ne-anchorage ngokulandela ikhodi eyamukelwe futhi akufake uphawu. Isiphathimandla siyakubuyekeza.
Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kanye nohlelo lokuhlola nokunakekela
Isahluko 17 sibeka izimfuneko zokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa: ukuhlolwa okufanele kuqedwe futhi kubhalwe phansi ngaphambi kokuba ithangi lifakwe ekusetshenzisweni. Empeleni lolu uhlelo lokuhlola nokuhlola okuhlangatshezwana nalo uhlelo lwekhwalithi lomkhiqizi, amarekhodi okumboza kanye nomsebenzi wonkontileka wasesizeni, futhi luguqula incwadi yokudiliva ibe ukufakwa okwamukelwe. Ububanzi buhlanganisa ithangi ngokumelene namadrowa agunyaziwe, ukumboza ngokumelene nohlelo olucacisiwe, amapayipi nezinto ezihambisana nawo ngaphansi kweSahluko 14, kanye namalungiselelo okugcwalisa, okuchichima nokukhipha amanzi.
Isahluko 18 sibe sesibeka uhlelo olulandela ukudluliswa: ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa kwamathangi amanzi phakathi nempilo yokusebenza kofakelo. Sikhona ngoba isimo sethangi siyashintsha ngenkathi sigcina amanzi amile futhi sihlezi singasebenzi isikhathi eside. Izibopho zomnikazi zihlanganisa uhlelo lokuhlola olwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, amarekhodi okuhlola ngakunye, nokugcinwa kwengubo yokumboza kanye nezinto ezihambisana nayo. Kulandela imiphumela emibili. Ukungena ethangini kuwumsebenzi wendawo evaliwe edinga imvume ngaphansi kwe-OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146, ngakho-ke uhlelo ludinga inqubo yokungena, hhayi imvamisa kuphela. Futhi okutholakele ekuhloleni kuqondisa ububanzi bokugcinwa, yingakho inqubo yokulungisa ingubo yokumboza kufanele ibe khona ngesikhathi sokudluliswa.
Iphakethe lemibhalo yomkhiqizi
Iphakethe lemibhalo yilapho izidingo zokumboza kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba zifakazelwa khona, futhi kufanele kube uhlu olubiziwe lokuthunyelwa, hhayi isicelo esenziwe ngemuva kokulethwa.
Okokugcoba, cela ukuchazwa kwesistimu, izinga lokulungiselela indawo elitholwe endaweni ngayinye, izilinganiso zobukhulu befirimu elomile ezithathwe ku-SSPC-PA 2 ngendlela kanye nenani lokufunda, ukutholwa kwama-holiday ensimbi egcotyiwe ku-ASTM D5162 lapho isistimu ikudinga khona, kanye namarekhodi ahlanganisa iphaneli ngayinye noma ithangi ngalinye nemiphumela yalo yokugcoba. Ukulandeleka kwezinga lephaneli kubalulekile: isitifiketi sezinga lomsebenzi asitsheli umhloli ukuthi iyiphi iphaneli eyayisesiteji ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Ngokwesakhiwo, cela izibalo zokuklama ngokwezinga lokwakha, uhlu lwemithwalo yokuklama, imininingwane yama-ankha nokubopha kanye nemithwalo yokubopha, kanye namapharamitha okuzamazama komhlaba asetshenzisiwe kanye nomthombo wawo kukhodi eyamukelwe. Ngempahla, cela izitifiketi zasefekthri zepuleti namabhawodi. Esizeni, cela irekhodi lokumiswa, irekhodi lokulimala nokulungiswa kwengubo ngaphambi kokugcwalisa, kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa aqediwe. Bese usho ifomethi nesikhathi: ubani othumelayo, uthunyelwa kubani, futhi yiziphi izinto ezingamaphoyinti okumisa ngaphambi kokugcwalisa ithangi.
Ukubhala umkhakha wokugcoba kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba kube esikhaleni sokucacisa
Isigaba sokumboza kufanele sibhalwe ngokulandelana okungaguquki, ngoba yilokho okulandelanayo umhloli akuhlola ngakho. Shono izinga okwakhiwe ngalo ithangi. Shono uhlelo lokumboza, oluthathwe kwezine ezivunyelwe yi-AWWA D103 emathangini aboshiwe noma kusukela esimisweni sokumboza sokwakhiwa okushisisiwe. Shono izinga lokulungiselela ingaphezulu langaphakathi nangaphandle ngokwehlukana. Shono ububanzi bogqinsi lwefilimu eyomile, indlela yokulinganisa kanye nenani lokufunda okudingekayo ukuze kwamukelwe. Shono indlela yokuhlola i-holiday kanye ne-voltage, noma ukuthi kungani uhlelo lungadingi lolo hlolo. Shono inqubo yokulungisa umonakalo owenziwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ngesikhathi sokumisa nangesikhathi sokusebenza, kanye nemibhalo okufanele ithunyelwe ngakunye.
Isigatshana sokuzamazama komhlaba sifushane, futhi umsebenzi waso ukulungisa umthwalo wemfanelo. Shono ikhodi eyamukelwe kanye nohlelo lwayo, imingcele yesizinda esebenzayo kanye nomthombo wedatha yesizinda, inhlanganisela yemithwalo ithangi elakhelwe yona, kanye nemithwalo yokuklama okufanele umkhiqizi ayinikeze. Bese usho ukuthi ukuklanywa kwesisekelo nokubopha kwenziwe, kwavalwa futhi kwahanjiswa unjiniyela oqoshiwe, futhi kufakwe lokho njengendawo yokumisa ohlelweni lokuhlola nokuvivinya.
Vala zombili izigatshana ngokunikezela: amarekhodi, uhlelo lokuhlola nokuvivinya, ukuhlolwa kokwamukela kweSahluko 17 kanye nohlelo lokuhlola lweSahluko 18.
Imikhawulo yencazelo yethangi ye-NFPA 22
I-NFPA 22 iyindinganiso yokuklama nokufaka yamathangi amanzi okuvikela umlilo angasese, futhi kufanelekile ukucaca ukuthi igcina kuphi.
Akugunyazi umkhiqizo. Asikho isitifiketi se-NFPA 22, futhi akukho ithangi elingachazwa njengeligunyazwe yi-NFPA ngomqondo wokufakwa ohlwini lwenkampani yangaphandle. Ithangi liyahambisana ngokuklanywa, ukwakhiwa, ukuhlolwa nokufakwa ngokwezahluko ezishiwo, futhi isiphathimandla siyalemukela ngaleyo ndlela. Uma isicaciso sakho sidinga ukufakwa ohlwini, shono igama laso kanye nomkhiphi walo ngokwehlukana.
Ayilinganisi uhlelo lokuvikela umlilo. Isidingo okufanele sibe nethangi sivela ekwakhiweni kohlelo: isidingo se-sprinkler ne-standpipe ngaphansi kwe-NFPA 13, kanye nepompo nokuhlelwa kwayo ngaphansi kwe-NFPA 20. Ayiklama uhlelo lwe-sprinkler, igumbi lepompo noma ukuhlanza amanzi, futhi ayithathi indawo yekhodi yokwakha eseyamukelwe. Ukwakhiwa kwe-seismic nomoya, isisekelo kanye nokubopha kuvela kukhodi eseyamukelwe yisifunda esilawulayo, futhi Isahluko 12 sisebenza nazo kunokuba sithathe indawo yazo. I-NFPA 22 ibuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngakho uhlelo olushiwo encazelweni lubalulekile. Mayelana nokuxhumana kwepompo bheka umhlahlandlela wethu wendinganiso ye-NFPA 20 yepompo yomlilo.
Izidingo Zokumboza Nokwakheka Ngokwesahluko se-NFPA 22
Isidingo | Isahluko Esilawulayo Noma Izinga | Okukuhlanganisayo | Ubani Osayinayo Noma Okukhiqizayo |
Ukumboza, ithangi lensimbi ye-carbon elishiselwe | NFPA 22 Isahluko 5 kanye ne-AWWA D100 kanye ne-AWWA D102 | Amasistimu okumboza angaphakathi nangaphandle asetshenziswa ensimbi elungisiwe, acaciswa ngokwehlukana | Umsebenzisi wokumboza, oqinisekiswa uhlelo lwekhwalithi lomkhiqizi wethangi |
Ukumboza, ithangi eliboshiwe elimbotshelwe efektri | NFPA 22 Isahluko 6 kanye ne-AWWA D103 | Enye yezinhlelo ezine ezivunyelwe zokumboza efektri, esetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuthi amaphaneli agingqwe | Umkhiqizi wethangi, oqinisekiswa amarekhodi efektri |
Izinhlelo zokumboza efektri ezivunyelwe | AWWA D103 | I-galvanized, ingilazi (ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi), i-thermoset liquid suspension, i-thermoset powder | Kucaciswa umcacisi, kukhiqizwa umkhiqizi |
Ukuklanywa kwesakhiwo somkhumbi | AWWA D103 yokuboshwe ngezibophezelo, AWWA D100 yokushisela | Ukuklanywa kwegobolondo, uphahla kanye nokuhlangana ngokumelene nomthwalo wokufa, umthwalo wamanzi, umoya kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba | Umkhiqizi wethangi, uvalwe unjiniyela wakhe |
Isisekelo nokubopha | NFPA 22 Isahluko 12 kanye nekhodi yokwakha eyamukelwe | Isisekelo emhlabathini kanye nokubopha okumelana nokugingqika nokushibilika | Unjiniyela obhalisiwe wesiza, usayinwe futhi wavalwa |
Ukuxhumana kwamapayipi nezinto zokuxhuma | NFPA 22 Isahluko 14 | Ukuphuma, ukugcwalisa, ukuchichima, ukudonsa, amavalvu nezinto zokuxhuma; akusona isahluko sokuqongelela | Umkhiqizi wethangi kanye nosonkontileka wesiza |
Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa | NFPA 22 Isahluko 17 | Ukuhlolwa kuqedwe futhi kubhalwe phansi ngaphambi kokuba ithangi lifakwe ekusebenzeni | Umkhiqizi, usonkontileka kanye nomhloli womnikazi |
Ukuhlola nokunakekela | NFPA 22 Isahluko 18 | Ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuhlanza, ukulungisa ukuqongelela kanye namarekhodi phakathi nokuphila kwethangi | Umnikazi, ngaphansi kohlelo olubhaliwe olunikezwa kanye nethangi |
Uhlu lokuhlola lweSigaba Sokuqonywa: Okufanele Kushiwowe Nokufanele Kufunwe Njengobufakazi
Into Yokucacisa | Okufanele Kushiwowe | Ubufakazi Okufanele Bufunwe | Ukwehluleka Okuvamile |
Uhlelo lokuqonywa | Shono uhlelo phakathi kwezine ezivunyelwe yi-AWWA D103 kumathangi aboshiwe, noma izinga lokuqonywa lokwakhiwa okushiselwe | Ukuqokwa kohlelo kurekhodi lokuqonywa nakwipuleti legama | Isithembiso sokusebenza esingenalo uhlelo olushiwo |
Ukulungiswa kwendawo | Izinga lokulungiselela ingaphakathi nangaphandle ngokwehlukana, ku-SSPC-SP 10 yensimbi yangaphakathi kanye ne-SSPC-SP 6 yangaphandle kanye nezingaphezulu zangaphakathi ezomile | Irekhodi lokulungiselela lendawo ngayinye kanye nethangi ngalinye | Izinga elicatshangelwayo esikhundleni sokurekhodwa |
Ubukhulu befilimu eyomile | Ubukhulu obuncane nobukhulu, indlela yokulinganisa kanye nenani lokufunda okudingekayo ukuze kwamukelwe | Ukufunda ku-SSPC-PA 2 ngendlela eshiwo | Ubukhulu obuncane ngaphandle kwenani lokulinganisa nangaphandle komthetho wokwamukela |
Ukuqhubeka kokumboza | Indlela yokuhlola iholide kanye ne-voltage lapho uhlelo ludinga khona | Ukutholwa kweholide nge-ASTM D5162 kanye nokumboza okuzuziwe kuqoshiwe | I-voltage yokuhlola ishiywe ivulekile, noma akukho rekhodi yendawo embiwe |
Ukulandeleka | Imfuneko yokuthi imiphumela ilandele iphaneli noma ithangi | Ukuxhumana kwezinga lephaneli phakathi kwemiphumela yokumboza nephaneli elinikeziwe | Isitifiketi sezinga lomsebenzi esingenakuxhumana nephaneli elethiwe |
Inqubo yokulungisa | Indlela, into ehambisana kanye nokwamukelwa kokulungiswa ngemuva kokuthutha, ukumiswa kanye nomonakalo wokusebenza | Amarekhodi okulungisa awo wonke umsebenzi wokulungisa, kanye nokuhlolwa ngemva kokulungisa | Ukulungiswa kwendawo okujwayelekile okungenaso isilungiselelo noma irekhodi lokwamukelwa |
Ukuqonywa kwamalunga nokungena | Ukuqhubeka kokuqonywa okufanele kugcinwe emithanjeni, emaphethelweni amabhawudi, kuma-nozzle nasezindaweni zokungena | Ukuhlolwa kwezindawo zamalunga nezokungena njengokuhlola kohlelo | Umonakalo wokuqonywa emthanjeni othathwa njengephutha elizimele |
Ukubambelela nemithwalo yokubambelela | Imininingwane yama-anchor nemithwalo ethwelwa ithangi, enikezwa umkhiqizi | Imininingwane ye-anchor nokubambelela kanye nohlu lwemithwalo | Isisekelo esakhiwe ngaphandle kwedatha yokulayisha ithangi |
Isisekelo sokuzamazama komhlaba | Ikhodi namuhla okwamukelwe, amapharamitha esayithi kanye nomthombo wawo | Izibalo zokuklama ezikhomba amapharamitha asetshenzisiwe | I-coefficient yokuzamazama komhlaba ejwayelekile engenayo idatha yesayithi emva kwayo |
Umthwalo wesayithi | Iqembu eliqanjiwe lomklamo wesisekelo nokubambelela | Umklamo ovalwe unjiniyela oqoshiwe wesayithi | Umhlinzeki usayina umklamo wesayithi angawulawuliyo |
Inkomba Yephrojekthi
Amamathangi amabili e-epoxy ahlanganisiwe anezibophezelo ezingamabhawodi e-Saudi Arabia, aqedwa ngo-2024, afakwa ukuze asetshenziselwe insiza yamanzi omlilo, anevolumu yokugcina iyonke engu-492 m3. Irekhodi linikeza womabili amamathangi njenganobubanzi obungu-6.11 m nokuphakama okungu-8.4 m, okuhambisana nevolumu iyonke eshiwo. Isethenjwa sishicilelwe lapha ukuze kuxoxwe ngokumboza nokwakhiwa kuphela: irekhodi libhala uhlelo lokumboza kanye nobukhulu bamathangi, kodwa alisho izinga elilawulayo lephrojekthi, ngakho-ke alivezwa njengesibonelo sokuhambisana ne-NFPA 22.
Indawo | Insizakalo | Ingqikithi Yevolumu Yokugcina | Unyaka |
ISaudi Arabia | Insizakalo yamanzi omlilo | 492 m3 yevolumu yokugcina iyonke | 2024 |
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd.) iklama futhi yakha amathangi okugcina insimbi eboliwe, amathangi ensimbi ashiselelwe, amathangi e-epoxy ahlanganiswe ngokuncibilika, amathangi e-galvanized, izitsha zensimbi engagqwali, izitsha zengcindezi, uphahla lwedome le-aluminium geodesic kanye nophahla oluntantayo. Inkampani inolwazi lokukhiqiza olungaphezu kweminyaka engu-30 futhi isihlinzeke ngemishini emiklamweni emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Uphahla lwedome le-aluminium geodesic luklanywa futhi lwakhiwe ngokwe-API 650 Appendix G, AWWA D108, i-Aluminum Design Manual, i-ASCE 7 kanye ne-IBC, futhi inkampani yathuthukisa yathumela kwamanye amazwe uphahla lwedome le-aluminium olungububanzi obungu-72 m ngo-2023. Ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa, ukugcoba, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nensizakalo yasendaweni kusingathwa njengomsebenzi owodwa, yingakho imidwebo, isisekelo sokubala kanye nezingxenyekazi ezilethiwe kungahlanganiswa ngokufanele.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yiziphi izinhlelo zokumboza ezamukelwa yi-NFPA 22?
I-NFPA 22 ayishicileli uhlu lwayo lwezinto zokumboza. Ikhomba emgangathweni wokwakha wohlobo lwethangi, futhi lowo mgangatho ubala izinhlelo zokumboza ezizamukelayo. Ethangini lensimbi yekhabhoni eboshwe ngamabhawudi elihlanganiswe efektri, Isahluko 6 sisebenza ne-AWWA D103, evumela izinhlelo ezine zokumboza zasefekthri: i-galvanized, ingilazi (ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi), i-thermoset liquid suspension, ne-thermoset powder. Ithangi lensimbi yekhabhoni elishiselwe ngaphansi kweSahluko 5 limbozwa nge-AWWA D102, umgangatho wokumboza amathangi okugcina amanzi ensimbi, kanti izinhlelo zangaphakathi nangaphandle zicaciswa ngokwehlukana.
Yisiphi isahluko se-NFPA 22 esikhuluma ngokugcotshwa kwethangi eliboshiwe?
Isahluko 6, Amathangi Asezimbonini Anombala Wasefektri, Aboshiwe Angansimbi Yekhabhoni. Yisahluko esiphethe izimfuno zombala wasefektri wethangi eliboshiwe, futhi sisebenza ne-AWWA D103 ekwakhiweni, ezintweni zokwakha, ekwenziweni nasekufakweni, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo ezine zikambala wasefektri ezivunyelwe. Isahluko 5 siphethe izimfuno ezilinganayo zethangi lensimbi yekhabhoni elishiselwe. Isahluko 14 ukuxhumana kwamapayipi nezingxenye futhi akusikho lokhu kokubili.
Ubani owenza isibalo sokuzamazama komhlaba sethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo?
Ungqongqoshe womsebenzi wesizinda wenza futhi asayine isibalo sokuzamazama komhlaba sesisekelo kanye nokubopha, esebenzisa amapharamitha ekhodi yokwakha eyamukelwe yisiphathimandla. Umkhiqizi wethangi wenza idizayini yethangi ngokwakhe ngokwezinga lokwakha, futhi anikeze imithwalo yedizayini, imininingwane yama-ankha kanye nemithwalo yokubopha edingwa ungqongqoshe womsebenzi. Isiphathimandla esiphethe ukubusa sihlola iphakethe. Umkhiqizi akasayini idizayini yesisekelo sesizinda, futhi idizayini yesisekelo ayihlanganisi ithangi.
Yimaphi amarekhodi okuhlola okufanele anikezwe umkhiqizi wethangi?
Okokumboza: ukuchazwa kwesistimu, izinga lokulungiselela ingaphezulu elizuziwe, izilinganiso zobukhulu besikhumba esomile ezithathwe ku-SSPC-PA 2 ngendlela kanye nenani lezilinganiso, ukutholwa kwama-holiday ku-ASTM D5162 lapho isistimu ikudinga khona, kanye namarekhodi axhumanisa iphaneli ngayinye nemiphumela yayo. Okwesakhiwo: izibalo zokuklama ngokwezinga lokwakha, uhlu lwemithwalo yokuklama, imininingwane yokubambelela kanye nemithwalo, kanye namapharamitha okuzamazama komhlaba asetshenzisiwe kanye nomthombo wawo kukhodi eyamukelwe. Okwesizinda: irekhodi lokumiswa, ilogi yokulimala nokulungiswa kokumboza, kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa aqediwe. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kweSahluko 17 ivala iphakethe.
Ingabe i-NFPA 22 ihlanganisa isisekelo?
Isahluko 12, izisekelo zamathangi nemibhoshongo emhlabathini, yisahluko se-NFPA 22 esikhuluma ngezisekelo. Sidinga ukuthi ithangi lisungulwe ngendlela yokuthi imithwalo idluliselwe ngokuphephile, kodwa ukuklanywa kwesakhiwo sesisekelo ngokwaso kwenziwa unjiniyela obhalisiwe ngaphansi kwekhodi yezakhiwo eyamukelwe yisifunda, kusetshenziswa imithwalo yokuklama enikezwe umkhiqizi wethangi. I-NFPA 22 nekhodi eyamukelwe zisebenza ndawonye lapha esikhundleni sokuthi enye ithathe indawo yomunye.
Ingabe i-NFPA 22 ihlobana kanjani ne-AWWA D103?
Ziyagcwalisa kunokuba zishintshane. I-AWWA D103 iyindinganiso yokwakha yamathangi ensimbi ekhabhoni aboshiwe agcotshwe efektri: ukuklama, izinto zokwakha, ukwakhiwa, ukufakwa kanye nezinhlelo zokugcoba zasefektri. I-NFPA 22 Isahluko 6 ibiza i-AWWA D103 kumkhumbi bese yengeza izimfuneko zokuvikela umlilo ezihlala ngaphandle komkhumbi: ukuxhumana kwamapayipi nezinto zokuxhuma kuSahluko 14, izisekelo kuSahluko 12, ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kuSahluko 17, kanye nokuhlolwa nokunakekelwa kuSahluko 18. Ithangi elakhiwe ngokwe-AWWA D103 ngakho-ke liyithangi leSahluko 6, kodwa ukuhanjiswa kwe-D103 kukodwa akusiyo yonke iphakethe le-NFPA 22.
Yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokumboza okudingekayo ngemva kokufakwa?
Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa, i-coating eyonakale ekuthuthweni noma ekwakhiweni kufanele ihlolwe futhi ilungiswe ngokwenqubo yokulungisa ebhaliwe yomkhiqizi, futhi ukulungiswa kurekhodwe. Ngemuva kokunikezela, Isahluko 18 silawula uhlelo lokuhlola, ukuhlola nokunakekela impilo yonke yethangi, futhi isimo se-coating kungenye yezinto ezihlolwayo, ngakho-ke inqubo yokulungisa kufanele ibe sephaketheni lokunikezela futhi kufanele ilandelwe futhi irekhodwe njalo. Qaphela futhi ukuthi ukungena ethangini ukuze kuhlolwe kuwumsebenzi wendawo evaliwe odinga imvume ngaphansi kwe-OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146.
Ingabe ithangi lensimbi eline-epoxy lining lamukelekile ngaphansi kwe-NFPA 22?
Yebo, inqobo nje uma ithangi lihlangabezana nezinga lokwakha lohlobo lwalo. Ithangi lensimbi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi elifakwe ingubo yasefektri ene-thermoset powder coating, umndeni we-fusion-bonded epoxy okulo, ungenye yezinhlelo ezine zokumboza i-AWWA D103 ezivumela ngaphansi kweSahluko 6. Ithangi lensimbi elishiselwe eline-epoxy coating liwela ngaphansi kweSahluko 5 ngokumboza okulandela i-AWWA D102. Ukwamukeleka akusuki egameni lokumboza elikusheeti yedatha. Kusuka ethangini elihlangabezana nezinga lokwakha elibhekiselwe kulo, izinga lokulungiselela elishiwo kanye nobukhulu be-dry film thickness okuqinisekisiwe, kanye nezidingo zesiza mayelana nezisekelo, amapayipi, ukuhlolwa kokwamukela kanye nokunakekela nazo ezifezekisiwe.
Isiphetho
Izahluko ezinquma imininingwane eminingi yamathangi amanzi omlilo zifushane futhi ziqondile, futhi ngasinye sifuna ubufakazi kunokuba sifune isethembiso. Ukumboza kuxazululwa esahlukweni sohlobo lwethangi kanye nezinga lokwakha elingemuva kwalo: Isahluko 5 ne-AWWA D100 kanye ne-AWWA D102 yensimbi yekhabhoni ehlanganisiwe, Isahluko 6 ne-AWWA D103 yensimbi yekhabhoni eboshwe ngamabhawudi egqunywe efektri. Ukuklanywa kokuzamazama komhlaba kungokwekhodi yokwakha eyamukelwe kanye nonjiniyela oqoshiwe, nemithwalo yokubopha enikezwa umkhiqizi. Ukuhlolwa nokunakekelwa kungokweZahluko 17 no-18. Kubhalwe ngalolo hlelo, imininingwane iba idokhumenti umphakeli angayikhokhisa futhi umbuyekezi angayivuma, ngoba imfuneko ngayinye isho izinga layo, umnikazi wayo kanye nerekhodi eliyivalayo.
Khuluma Nethimba Lethu Lobunjiniyela
Thumela umsebenzi, isisekelo somthamo, ikhodi elawulayo kanye nemikhawulo yesiza, futhi ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lizobuya nencazelo yokucaciswa umhlinzeki angayikhokhisa kanye nomhloli angayigunyaza. Sizokutshela futhi ngokucacile lapho uhlobo oluhlukile lwethangi noma umkhakha ohlukile kuyimpendulo engcono.
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