Umhlahlandlela Wokulinganisa Ithangi Lamanzi Omlilo we-NFPA 22
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
NFPA 22 Fire Water Tank Sizing Guide
Isikhathi asiyona inombolo ye-NFPA 22. Sivela kumgangatho wokuklama wesistimu kanye nesiphathimandla esinesigunya, bese i-NFPA 22 idinga ukuthi ithangi linikeze umthamo onsile okhiqizwa yileso sikhathi uma ukuhamba kokuklama, imvume yepayipi kanye nevolumu engasetshenziswa sekubalwe. Linganisa ithangi ngokwesisekelo sesikhathi esilandelwayo, futhi ubhale phansi leso sisekelo ukuze sikwazi ukubuyekezwa.
Isingeniso
Yonke imibuzo yethangi lamanzi omlilo igcina ngokuba inombolo, futhi inombolo enquma izindleko zethangi akuyona evamile ukuba abantu baphikisane ngayo. Ububanzi, ukuphakama, ipuleti lesigobho kanye nezinto ezihambisana nakho konke kuyaxoxwa ngakho. Isikhathi sithathwa njengefa.
Leyo yindlela ithangi elilinganiswa ngayo ngenani elivela kumthetho wesandla, incazelo yefa noma isibonelo esabekwa ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lwamanje lomthetho lwamukelwe, nangendlela ithangi elifika ngayo endaweni linomthamo omisiwe ongathwali umthwalo ogunyazwe isiphathimandla. Isidingo sesikhathi asiyona impahla yethangi. Sivela ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuvikela umlilo, futhi i-NFPA 22 idinga ukuthi ithangi lenelise noma yini ekhiqizwa yilokho kwakhiwa.
Lo mhlahlandlela ubeka ukuthi isikhathi sivela kuphi, ukuthi sihlangana kanjani nokugeleza kokwakhiwa, ukuthi izicabango ezijwayelekile ziyeka nini ukuba semthethweni, ukuthi isikhathi eside sibekwa nini, nokuthi ukubalwa kufanele kubhalwe kanjani ukuze isiphathimandla esigunyazayo sisamukele. Izinkomba yi-NFPA 22 yethangi nezinto zalo, i-NFPA 13 yokwakhiwa kwesifutho esikhiqiza isidingo, ne-NFPA 20 yepompo yomlilo.
Ukuthi isidingo sesikhathi siyini
Isikhathi esidingekayo siwubude besikhathi amanzi agciniwe okufanele ahlale etholakala ngesilinganiso esidingekayo sokugeleza. I-NFPA 22 ayiwudali lowo mbandela. Ichaza ukuthi ithangi kufanele libe yini futhi kufanele lilethe ini, futhi isikhathi sivela ngaphandle kwayo, kusuka ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuvikela umlilo nakwiphathimandla enegunya. Isahluko 4 siqukethe izidingo ezijwayelekile, kuhlanganise nesisekelo somthamo ngaphansi kuka-4.1.3 no-4.1.3.1, yingakho ithangi elakhiwe ngokuphelele ngokwe-NFPA 22 lingaba nosayizi ongafanele uma isikhathi esifakwe kuleso sisekelo sasinokungalungi.
Kunezinto ezimbili ezilandelayo. Isikhathi kufanele sitholakale kumdokumenti: imfuneko kumgangatho wokuklama kohlelo lwe-occupancy kanye nengozi, noma isimo esibhaliwe esibekwe yisiphathimandla. Futhi ukusishintsha ngemva kokubalwa kushintsha konke okulandelayo, kusukela kumthamo wedinga kuya ekuphakameni kwegobolondo kanye nesisekelo.
Indlela isikhathi nokugeleza kokuklama okuhlangana ngayo
Umthamo ithangi okufanele liwugcine uyimphumela yokugeleza nesikhathi: V_required = Q_design x t_duration, lapho i-V_required iwumthamo okufanele isistimu iwudonse, ngo-m3 (ft3); i-Q_design iwukugeleza kwedizayini ngo-L/s (gpm); futhi i-t_duration isikhathi esidingekayo ngemizuzu. Lobudlelwano bulula, futhi indlela olusetshenziswa ngayo yilapho amaphutha amaningi okulinganisa usayizi enziwa khona.
Kuhlelo lwama-sprinkler isidingo siyisamba sesidingo se-sprinkler kanye nesabelo somfula wepayipi, futhi ngasinye sinexesha laso. Isisho esifanele sithi V_required = isamba sako-i sika-(Q_i x t_i), hhayi ukuhamba okuphelele kuphindwe ngesikhathi esifushane. Lapho ukuhlinzekwa kukamasipala kubalwa khona, yilokho kuphela engakuletha phakathi nesehlakalo okungabalwa, futhi lokho kufanele kuboniswe kunokuba kucatshangwe.
Ithangi ke alibambi isidingo esigcwele, ngoba ingxenye yevolumu egciniwe ayikwazi ukulethwa empompini. Isitoreji esifile ngaphansi kokudonsa, indawo yokugwema i-vortex endaweni yokuphuma edingwa yi-14.2.13, kanye ne-freeboard kunciphisa lokho okusebenzisekayo. Ukubala kuhamba kanje: ivolumu yesidingo, kususwa ukuhlinzekwa okubaliwe, kwengezwe ivolumu engasebenziseki, kulingana nomthamo wokugcina okufanele uthangi luwuhlinzeke.
Izicabango zesikhathi esijwayelekile kanye nemikhawulo yazo
Isikhathi esivame ukucashunwa sivela kumazinga wokuklama awo uqobo wohlelo lwezifutho hhayi ku-NFPA 22, futhi siyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sokuhlukaniswa kwengozi yokuhlala. Okubalulekile akusona isibalo kodwa imibandela enamathiselwe kuso: isibalo ngasinye sisezingeni elithile lokuklama, isigaba esithile sokuhlukaniswa kwengozi kanye nohlobo oluthile lohlelo. Isikhathi esithathwe kwelinye isihlelo, noma esakhiweni sokuklama samapayipi okuqondile hhayi esakhiweni sokuklama sezifutho, asidluliseli kwenye indawo.
Lezo zicabango zichaza uhlelo lwezifutho olukhipha ngokukhuluphala kokuklama kwalo endaweni yalo yokuklama futhi luqhubeke ngalelo zinga. Azichazi uhlelo lwezikhukhula oluvula zonke iziphumela ngasikhathi sinye, indawo yenqubo engaphansi kwengozi ephezulu, noma isiza okuphakelwa kwamanzi komphakathi okungenakuthenjwa kukho isikhathi sonke somcimbi. Futhi azisindi lapho kushintshwa isakhiwo. Lapho isiphathimandla sibeka isikhathi saso uqobo, leso sidingo silawula ithangi futhi kufanele sifakwe emibhalweni njengombandela obhaliwe.
Lapho kudingeka isikhathi eside kakhulu
Isikhathi eside kudingeka lapho ukungena okuzenzakalelayo okujwayelekile kungameleli isiza. Izimbangela ziyaziwa: isiphathimandla esinegunya sibeka isikhathi eside njengombandela wokugunyazwa; indawo yokuhlala noma ingozi ingaphandle kwebanga okwakulungiselelwe ukungena okuzenzakalelayo; ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi akuthembekile ngokwanele ukuthi umthombo womphakathi ungabhekwa; isiza sisemajukujukwini, asinabasebenzi noma sinokuphendula okude kwensizakalo yomlilo; umnikazi usemukele umgomo wokuqina wokuphendula umlilo; noma umhlinzeki womshuwalense ubeke umbandela wakhe.
Umphumela ekuhambeni okungaguquki uqondile futhi uyashesha. Phinda kabili isikhathi futhi uphinda kabili umthamo wedinga nomthamo wegobolondo, kanye nawo umsuka, isisindo sepuleti, ukuphakanyiswa kwekhreni nomzila wokuthutha. Leyo yimpikiswano yokuxazulula isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba ithangi lifakwe emathendeni, nokunikeza umhlinzeki wethangi isikhathi ngokubhaliwe, kanye nedokhumenti elivela kuyo libaluliwe.
Ukusebenzisa umhlahlandlela ohlelweni lwamaconsa
Kuhlelo lwezifutho zingqimba, idinga likhiqizwa inqubo yokuklama ku-NFPA 13. Ukuhlukaniswa kwengozi ye-occupancy kunquma ukuminyana kokuklama kanye nendawo yokuklama, futhi ukubalwa kwe-hydraulic okulandelayo kukhiqiza ukugeleza kokuklama endaweni edinga kakhulu ohlelweni. Isikhathi ke siphuma emfunekweni yomgangatho ofanayo yaleyo ngozi, hhayi ethangini.
Imvume yokugeleza kwepayipi iyisidingo esihlukile futhi isingathwa ngokwehlukile. Yengezwa kwisidingo sezifutho esimisiwe kunokuba ifakwe ekugelezeni kwezifutho, ngoba lezi zinto ezimbili azenzeki ngesikhathi esisodwa ngendlela efanayo, futhi igcinwa isikhathi esinqunyiwe yindinganiso. Ukufaka imvume yepayipi ekugelezeni kwezifutho bese usebenzisa isikhathi esisodwa kukonke ngokuvamile kunciphisa umthamo.
Izidingo ezimbili ze-NFPA 22 zingaphansi kwaleli nani futhi ziyagcwaliseka ngokuhlelwa kwethangi kunokuba kube ngezibalo. Ithangi ligcinwa ligcwele phakathi kuka-4 in. (102 mm) wezinga lenkonzo yomlilo ngaphansi kuka-14.4.3, futhi umthombo kufanele ubuyisele umthamo phakathi namahora angu-8 ngaphansi kuka-4.2.1.4. Ithangi eligcina umthamo ofanele kodwa elingakwazi ukugcwaliswa futhi kuleso sikhathi asinayo indawo yokugcina ethembekile.
Ukusebenzisa umhlahlandlela kuhlelo lwamapayipi omlilo
I-hydrant supply inesidingo esihlukile. Ukugeleza kumiswa yifire flow edingekayo yendawo kanye nenani nosayizi bama-hydrant asebenzayo, futhi uhlelo ngokuvamile ludliwa isuka kunethiwekhi yomphakathi ngokusebenzisa iphampu yomlilo kunokuba kusuka ethangini langasese le-gravity. Lapho ithangi langasese liyingxenye yokuhlinzeka, umgomo wesikhathi usasebenza, kodwa umbuzo wekhredithi uza kuqala: lokho okungakhokhiswa kukhawulwa yilokho ithangi elingakuletha kanye nokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi yonke.
Amathathu umehluko ahlukanisa icala le-hydrant necala le-sprinkler. Ukugeleza kuyi-burst profile esikhundleni se-sustained design flow, ngakho-ke ukuhlelwa kwe-outlet kanye ne-suction geometry kuthwala ingxenye enkulu yedizayini. Ukungqubuzana endleleni phakathi kwethangi nendawo yokusetshenziswa kuyingxenye enkulu yengcindezi edingekayo, ngakho-ke umthamo osebenzisekayo kufanele uhlolwe ngokuhambisana nendlela yokulethwa kunokuba kuhlolwe ithangi lodwa. Futhi ubude besikhathi ngokuvamile buvela kumibandela ye-fire flow yesiphathimandla uqobo, ngakho-ke kufanele kutholakale ngokubhaliwe.
Lapho kusebenza isikhathi esihlukile
Izimo ezintathu ngokwejwayelekile zibeka inombolo ehlukile etafuleni. Esokuqala ukwamukelwa kwekhodi. Ngaphandle kweNyakatho Melika uhlaka olulawulayo lungaba yindinganiso yaseYurophu noma yelinye izwe, futhi ithebula lesikhathi sesifutho sezicishamlilo ku-NFPA 13 alisona isethenjwa; i-EN 12845 iwuhlaka oluhambisanayo lwezinhlelo zezicishamlilo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwazo kwamanzi. Ithangi lingase lakhiwe ngokwe-NFPA 22 nangokwe-AWWA D103, kodwa isikhathi esilinganiselwe kuso sivela ekhodini yendawo eyamukelwe, futhi lezi zisekelo ezimbili kufanele zihlanganiswe ngokusobala esikhundleni sokucatshangwa ukuthi ziyalingana.
Okwesibili ukuhamba kokwamukelwa kwepompo. I-NFPA 20 idinga ukuthi ipompo yomlilo ihlolwe emanzini agelezayo adlula umthamo wayo olinganisiwe, futhi ithangi kufanele linikeze lowo mthamo wokuhlola. Ukuhlola kuyisenzakalo esifushane, kodwa kuwukudonsa kwangempela kwesitoreji esigciniwe, futhi kufanele kuhlelwe ukuze ithangi ligcwaliswe futhi isitoreji esigciniwe sibuyiselwe ngemuva kwalokho.
Okwesithathu ukushintshwa ngemuva kokugunyazwa. Ukushintsha kokusetshenziswa, impahla egciniwe noma uhlelo lokuvikela kungashintsha ukuminyana kokuklanywa, indawo yokuklanywa, ngakho-ke kokubili ukugeleza kanye nobude besikhathi. Isisekelo sobude besikhathi esigunyaziwe kufanele sibuyekezwe esikhundleni sokuphasiswa, futhi ithangi liphinde lihlolwe ngokumelene nalo.
Ukubhala usayizi wokugunyazwa
Ukubalwa kosayizi umqulu obuyekezwa yisiphathimandla, futhi kufanele udingeke. Ngokulandelana, kufanele uveze ukuhamba komklamo nokuthi uvelaphi; ubude besikhathi kanye nomqulu okudinga lokho; imali evunyelwe yethumbu elisetshenziswa njengemfuno yalo; noma yikuphi ukunikezwa kukamasipala okubalwayo kanye nesisekelo salokho kubalwa; umthamo wemfuno ophumayo ngamayunithi okubalwa nangamayunithi ithangi elizodayizwa ngawo; umthamo ongasetshenziski kanye nesizathu sayo yonke ingxenye yawo; umthamo onsundu ithangi okufanele liwunikeze, kubhekiselwa ku-4.1.3 no-4.1.3.1; kanye nesisekelo sokugcwalisa kabusha esihlolwe ngokumelene no-4.2.1.4.
Namathisela amadokhumenti okuklanywa kohlelo asekela okokufaka esikhundleni sokuphinda uwabeke. Lapho ubude besikhathi buhluka kokumisiwe okujwayelekile, namathisela isimo esibhaliwe sesiphathimandla futhi ukhombe idokhumenti noma isigaba esivela kuso.
Yiba nembe ngqo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi ivolumu oyishoyo. Umthamo we-net, umthamo we-gross kanye nevolumu esebenzisekayo kuyizinombolo ezihlukene futhi zisetshenziswa ngokushintshana engxoxweni. Shono leyo ithangi eli-odwa ngayo kanye nedatum okubhekiselwa kuyo izilinganiso zamazinga. Uma i-reserve ihlukaniswe phezu kwamathangi angaphezu kwelilodwa, umdwebo kufanele ukhombise ukuxhumana okwenza i-reserve ehlangene ibe yiqiniso.
Ukuthi Isisekelo Sesikhathi Sivela Kuphi
Umthombo Wesikhathi | Ukuthi Ilungisa Ini | Ubufakazi Obufakwa Nokubalwa |
Izinga lokuklama lwesistimu, isibonelo i-NFPA 13 yesistimu yokufafaza | Isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwengozi yendawo yokuhlala kanye nohlobo lwesistimu | Isigaba sohlelo lwekhodi olwamukelwe oludinga lokho |
Umbandela obekwe yisiphathimandla esinegunya | Isikhathi eside noma esishintshiwe sale sayithi | Umbhalo obhaliwe wokugunyazwa, ocashunwe ngosuku |
Imfuneko yomshuwalensi | Isikhathi kanye nanoma yisiphi isibopho esengeziwe sokuhlinzeka ngamanzi | Imfuneko ebhaliwe, kanye nohlelo noma inqubomgomo okuhambisana nayo |
Inhloso yokuqina noma yokuqhubeka komnikazi | Isikhathi esidlula ubuncane bekhodi | Imemorandamu yesisekelo somklamo esayiniwe kanye nokuphawula komhloli |
Ukuhlaziywa kwesikweletu sokuhlinzeka kukamasipala | Ingxenye yesidingo okungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlinzeka komphakathi kukhonjiswe ngayo | Irekhodi lokuhlolwa kokuhlinzeka kanye nokucatshangelwa kokutholakala okushiwo |
Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kwepompo yomlilo ngaphansi kwe-NFPA 20 | Ukudonsa okufushane, okunegebe eliphezulu emthonjeni ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ukusebenza | Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwepompo kanye nohlelo lokugcwalisa oluyilandela |
Ukulandelana Kokubala Kosayizi Bethangi Lamanzi Omlilo
Isinyathelo | Ubuningi | Okokufaka Noma Isethenjwa | Inothi |
1 | Ukugeleza komklamo wesidingo sezifutho | Ukubalwa kwe-hydraulic kwe-NFPA 13 endaweni edinga kakhulu | Kubuningi bomklamo endaweni yomklamo |
2 | Imvume yomfula wepayipi | Izinga elifanayo lohlelo, njengemfuno ehlukile | Akufakwanga ekugelezeni kwesifafaza |
3 | Isikhathi esisetshenziswa emfunweni ngayinye | Izinga lokuklama lohlelo, noma umbandela weziphathimandla | Umfuno ngamunye unesikhathi sawo |
4 | Umthamo wemfuno | Isamba sika-Q_i esiphindwe ngo-t_i kumfuno ngayinye | Gcina amayunithi okubala ehambisana |
5 | Ukunikezwa komphakathi okukhonjiwe | Ukuhlaziywa kokunikezwa komphakathi | Kuphela lokho okungafakazelwa njengokulethakalayo ngesikhathi somcimbi |
6 | Umthamo wesidingo esiphelele | Kubalwa ngezinyathelo 4 no-5 | Umthamo okufanele utholakale phakathi naso sonke isigameko |
7 | Umthamo ongasebenziseki | Ukuma kwethangi, uhlelo lokuvimbela ukwakheka kokujikeleza kwamanzi oluchazwe ku-14.2.13, nesikhala esingenamanzi esiphezulu kwethangi | Konke okungaphansi kwezinga elisebenzisekayo endaweni yokudonsa iphampu |
8 | Umthamo wamanzi ohlanzekile odingekayo | Kubaliwe, kubhekiselwe ku-NFPA 22 4.1.3 kanye no-4.1.3.1 | Lena yinombolo ithangi eli-odelwa ngokuyihambisa |
9 | Ukuhlola ukugcwalisa | Isidingo esiphelele sibuyiselwe phakathi namahora angu-8 avunyelwe yi-4.2.1.4 | Kulungisa ukuhlelwa kokugcwalisa kanye nezilawuli zamazinga |
Inkomba Yephrojekthi
Akukho rekhodi eqinisekisiwe yephrojekthi yamanzi omlilo emtatsheni wephrojekthi ehambisana nobubanzi balesi sikhombisi sokulinganisa usayizi, ngakho-ke i-athikili yethulwa ngaphandle kwesibonelo sephrojekthi. Esikuthwelayo esikhundleni salokho yingxenye engahlolwa: ukuthi isisekelo sesikhathi sivela kuphi nokuthi ngubani onaso, ukulandelana kwezibalo okuguqula ukuhamba nokuhamba kwesikhathi kube umthamo wokuhlanzeka, imikhawulo yezimo ezijwayelekile, izimo eziphoqa isikhathi eside, kanye nesethi yemibhalo efundwa isiphathimandla esigunyazayo. Ngakunye kwalokho kushiwo ngokuhambisana nezinga noma isigatshana esivela kuso, ukuze kuhlolwe esikhundleni sokuthathwa ngokuthembela.
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd.) iklama futhi yakha amathangi okugcina insimbi eboliwe, amathangi ensimbi ashiselwe, amathangi e-epoxy ahlanganiswe ngokuncibilika, amathangi e-galvanized, izitsha zensimbi engagqwali, izitsha zengcindezi, uphahla lwedome le-aluminium le-geodesic kanye nophahla oluntantayo. Inkampani inolwazi lokukhiqiza olungaphezu kweminyaka engu-30 futhi isihlinzeke ngemishini kumaphrojekthi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Uphahla lwedome le-aluminium le-geodesic luklanywa futhi lwakhiwe ngokwe-API 650 Appendix G, AWWA D108, i-Aluminum Design Manual, i-ASCE 7 ne-IBC, futhi inkampani yathuthukisa yathumela kwamanye amazwe uphahla lwedome le-aluminium olungububanzi obungu-72 m ngo-2023. Ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa, ukugcotshwa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nensizakalo yasendaweni kusingathwa njengomsebenzi owodwa, yingakho imidwebo, isisekelo sokubala kanye nezingxenyekazi ezilethiwe kungahlanganiswa ndawonye.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yisiphi isikhathi i-NFPA 22 eyidingayo ithangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo?
Yisiphi isikhathi esidingwa yi-NFPA 22 sethangi lamanzi omlilo?I-NFPA 22 ayibeki sikhathi. Ibeka isisekelo somthamo okufanele ithangi liwuhlangabezane ngaphansi kuka-4.1.3 no-4.1.3.1, idinga ukuthi ithangi ligcinwe ligcwele ngaphakathi kuka-4 in. (102 mm) wezinga lenkonzo yomlilo ngaphansi kuka-14.4.3, futhi idinga ukuthi ukunikezwa kubuyisele umthamo ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-8 ngaphansi kuka-4.2.1.4. Isikhathi ngokwaso sivela esimisweni sokuklama sohlelo lwendawo yokuhlala nengozi, esiqinisekiswa yisiphathimandla esinesigunya.
Ingabe i-NFPA 22 ibeka umthamo wethangi olinganiselwe?
Ingabe i-NFPA 22 ibeka umthamo wethangi olinganiselwe?Cha. Ibeka izidingo zokulethwa kanye nesisekelo somthamo, hhayi inani lamamitha ayikhubhu. Umthamo ulandela ukugeleza kokuklama, isikhathi kanye nokuphathwa kwemvume yepayipi, bese kunezelwa kuwo umthamo ongasebenziseki ukuze umthamo wangempela otholakalayo ekudonseni kwepompo uhlangabezane nesidingo.
Isikhathi esidingekayo sinqunywa kanjani?
Isikhathi esidingekayo sinqunywa kanjani?Kusukela ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuvikela umlilo. Ohlelweni lokufafaza isikhathi yisona esidingwa uhlelo olwamukelwe lwe-NFPA 13 ngokwezigaba zobungozi bezindawo kanye nohlobo lohlelo. Ekuhlinzekweni ngamanzi ezimpompi ngokuvamile kuyimigomo yegunya uqobo yokugeleza komlilo. Kuzo zombili izimo inani lidinga ukulandeleka emdokumentini, futhi noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kulo kudinga ukuba kube umbandela obhaliwe kunokuba kube umcabango.
Ingabe isikhathi esidingekayo singaba side kunesilinganiso esiyisisekelo esincane?
Ingabe isikhathi esidingekayo singaba side kunesikhathi esincane esijwayelekile? Yebo. Umbandela wokugunyazwa obekwe yisiphathimandla, imfuneko yomshwalense, ingozi engaphandle kobubanzi obuhlanganiswa yisilinganiso esizenzakalelayo, noma umgomo womnikazi wokuqinisekisa ukuqina konke kungadinga okwengeziwe. Uma ukugeleza kuhlala kungashintshi, umthamo odingekayo ukhula ngokulingana ngokuqondile nesikhathi, ngakho isikhathi eside sisho ithangi elikhulu, isisekelo esisindayo, nendlela yokuthutha ehlukile. Kunqumeni lokhu ngaphambi kokucela amathenda, hhayi ngemva kokwenziwa kwethangi.
Kuthiwani uma isidingo sohlelo sishintsha ngemva kokufakwa kwethangi?
Kuthiwani uma isidingo sohlelo sishintsha ngemva kokufakwa kwethangi?Isigcinamgcini kufanele sithathwe kabusha kusukela esidingweni esisha futhi ithangi elikhona lihlolwe ngokumelene nalo. Umthamo wangempela wethangi elifakiwe awushintshi, ngakho uma isidingo esisha sikhulu, kufanele kwenziwe okunye ukwengeza kokuhlinzeka, ukulethwa kufanele kubuyekezwe, noma ukungahambisani nomthetho kufanele kwamukelwe ngokusobala yisiphathimandla. Ukushintshwa kokuhlala, kokugcinwa noma kohlelo lokuvikela yikho okuvamile ukubangela lokhu.
Ngibhala kanjani isikhathi esingajwayelekile?
Ngingabhalisa kanjani isikhathi esingejwayelekile?Namathisela umbandela obhaliwe, shono incwadi noma isigaba esivela kuyo, shono ukuhamba komklamo okusebenza kukho, futhi ubonise umthamo wokudingeka ovelayo, umthamo wangempela kanye nomphumela kuqweqwe kanye nesisekelo. Inhloso yokunamathisela ukuthi umhloli angakwazi ukuqinisekisa imfuneko ngaphandle kokuxhumana nomuntu. Isikhathi esingachazwanga kushidi lokubala sithathwa njengokucabanga.
Uyibhalisa kanjani ibalo lokulinganisa usayizi?
Uyibhalisa kanjani ibalo lokulinganisa usayizi?Ngokulandelana okungaguquki: ukuhamba komklamo nomthombo wakho, isikhathi nomthombo waso, imvume yepayipi njengokudingeka okuhlukile, ukunikezwa komphakathi okubalwayo kanye nesisekelo sokubalwa, umthamo wokudingeka ophelele, umthamo ongasebenziseki nezizathu, umthamo wangempela ngokuqhathaniswa no-4.1.3 no-4.1.3.1, kanye nelungiselelo lokugcwalisa elihlolwe ngokuqhathaniswa no-4.2.1.4. Shono uhlelo lwakho konke ukulinganisa okusetshenzisiwe, cabanga ngemithamo ngamayunithi ithangi elizodayizwa ngawo, futhi shono izinga ledatha umthamo olinganiswa kulo.
Isiphetho
Ukulinganisa ithangi lamanzi omlilo kuwukubala okufushane okugoqwe ochungechungeni olude lwezinqumo. Ukubala kuwukugeleza kwesikhathi nobude besikhathi. Uchungechunge yilapho inani lilahleka khona: ubude besikhathi kufanele silandelelwe emdokumentini, imvume yepayipi kufanele ithathwe njengesidingo esihlukile, ukunikezwa komphakathi okukhonjiwe kufanele kubonakale, umthamo ongasebenziseki kufanele wengezwe futhi, futhi ilungiselelo lokugcwalisa kabusha kufanele libuyisele umthamo phakathi namahora angu-8 avunyelwe yi-4.2.1.4.
Konke lokhu kulula ngaphambi kokuba ithangi li-odwe kunangemva kokuba lilethiwe. Ubude besikhathi esinqunywe kusenesikhathi siwumugqa kushidi lokubala. Ubude besikhathi esinqunywe sekwephuzile ushintsho kugobolondo, isisekelo kanye nemvume eseyinikeziwe.
Sithumele ukuhamba kwedizayini yesistimu, ubude besikhathi kanye nedokhumenti evela kuyo, ukwelashwa kwemvume yepayipi, imikhawulo yesayithi kanye nohlelo olulawulayo lokushicilelwa, futhi sizobuyisela ukubalwa komthamo, isitatimende somthamo oshelelayo nongaphelele, ijiyometri yokudonsa kanye nesethi yedokhumenti izophatha egunyaziwe ezoyicela.
Khuluma Nethimba Lethu Lobunjiniyela
Thumela umsebenzi, isisekelo somthamo, ikhodi elawulayo kanye nemikhawulo yesiza, futhi ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lizobuya nencazelo umhlinzeki angayikhokhela futhi umhloli angayigunyaza. Sizokutshela futhi ngokucacile lapho uhlobo oluhlukile lwethangi noma umkhakha ohlukile kuyimpendulo engcono.
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