Izinga le-NFPA 20 Le-Pump Yomlilo: Ukuthi Ithangi Lamanzi Omlilo Lixhumana Kanjani Ne-Pump Package
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
I-NFPA 20 Fire Pump Standard: Indlela Ithangi Lamanzi Omlilo Elixhumana Ngayo Ne-Pump Package
I-NFPA 20 iyindinganiso elawula ukufakwa kwamaphampu omlilo anganyakazi, futhi ithangi lokugcina amanzi omlilo lixhumana naleyo phakethe yephampu ngokusebenzisa isimo sokudonsa okufanele sikhulume: i-net positive suction head (NPSH) eyanele, izinga lamanzi elizinzile eliphansi, kanye nendlela yokugcwalisa egcina ithangi lingadonswa ngaphansi kwesigcinamafa semfuno yomlilo. I-NFPA 20 ithatha ithangi lokudonsa njengengxenye elawulwa yi-NFPA 22, ngakho-ke ithangi nephampu kucaciswa njengohlelo olulodwa lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi kunokuba kube izinto ezimbili ezithengwa ngokwehlukana. Ukuqonda ukuxhumana kwethangi nephampu — amapayipi okudonsa, igebe lomoya, izishintshi zamazinga kanye nengqondo yesilawuli — yikho okuvimbela iphampu ebukeka ihambisana nemithetho ukuthi ingabulawa yindlala ngesikhathi somcimbi womlilo.
Ithangi lamanzi omlilo liwusizo kuphela ngendlela iphampu elihambisa ngayo amanzi alo aya kuma-sprinkler nama-hydrant. I-NFPA 20, i-Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, ichaza ukuthi le phakethe lephampu lifakwa kanjani nokuthi kufanele liphakelwe kanjani. Izikhathi eziningi, ithangi nephampu kuthengwa ngokwehlukana, futhi indawo yokudonsa amanzi (suction interface) isala ingacacisiwe kuze kufike isikhathi sokuqalisa ukusebenza, lapho ukuntuleka kwendawo yokudonsa kubiza kakhulu ukukulungisa. Le ndatshana ichaza ukuthi i-NFPA 20 ihlanganisa ini, ukuthi ithangi liba yingxenye kanjani yohlelo lwephampu, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana okufanele icaciswe kusukela ekuqaleni.
I-NFPA 20 Ilawula I-Pump Package, Hhayi Ithangi
I-NFPA 20 iyindinganiso yokufaka amaphampu omlilo angashintshi — abashayeli be-elektrik-motor, i-diesel-engine kanye ne-vertical-turbine, i-jockey pump, isilawuli kanye namapayipi ahlobene — futhi ithatha ithangi lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi njengengxenye exhunyiwe kunokuba ibe yingxenye yephampu ngokwayo. I-pump package iyingxenye esebenzayo; ithangi iyisigcawu esingasebenzi iphampu edonsa kuso.
· Izinhlobo zamaphampu. I-NFPA 20 ihlanganisa amaphampu omlilo e-centrifugal avundlile kanye nasezingeni, amaphampu e-turbine avundlile (ajwayelekile lapho ukudonsa kungu-tank noma umgodi), kanye nezinhlobo zawo.
· I-Jockey pump. I-booster pump encane igcina ingcindezi yohlelo phakathi kwezidingo zomlilo futhi ivimbela iphampu enkulu ekushintsheni kaningi ngenxa yokuvuza okuncane.
· Isilawuli kanye nomshayeli. Izinga lishiya izidingo zesilawuli, i-alamu kanye nomshayeli ukuze iphampu iqale ngokuthembekile lapho ingcindezi yehla.
· Umthombo wokudonsa. Izinga lichaza isimo sokudonsa iphampu elidingayo, futhi lapho i-tank ingumthombo kubhekisela ku-NFPA 22 yalelo tank.
Okubalulekile: I-NFPA 20 iphethe iphampu; i-NFPA 22 iphethe i-tank; lezi ezimbili zixhumana endaweni yokudonsa.
Ithangi Linikeza Isimo Sokudonsa Iphampu Esidingayo
Umsebenzi wethangi lamanzi omlilo ohlelweni lwe-NFPA 20 ukunikeza iphampu indlela yokudonsa enokwethenjelwa — i-NPSH eyanele, izinga eliphansi elizinzile kanye nokugcwaliswa kabusha okuvikela indawo yamanzi omlilo — ukuze iphampu ikhiphe ukugeleza okulinganiselwe ngaphandle kwe-cavitation noma ukungena komoya. Ijiyometri yethangi nezilawuli zezinga kuyanelisa iphampu, hhayi nje ukugcina amanzi.
Isici sokuxhumana | Lokho i-NFPA 20 / uhlelo olukudingayo | Kungani kubalulekile |
Inhloko yokudonsa enhle ephelele (NPSH) | Iphampu idinga i-NPSH etholakalayo ≥ i-NPSH edingekayo | Ivimbela i-cavitation nokulahlekelwa ukugeleza |
Izinga lamanzi eliphansi | Libekwe ngaphezu kwendawo yokungena yokudonsa kwephampu | Igcina umoya nama-vortex ngaphandle kokudonsa |
Amapayipi okudonsa | Kufushane, kuqondile, kukalwe ngokwanele | Kunciphisa ukungqubuzana futhi kugcina ikhanda |
I-air gap ekugcwaliseni kabusha | Ukugcwaliswa ngamandla adonsela phansi okuhlukanisiwe nokudonsa | Ivimbela ukugeleza emuva/nokungcola kokuhlinzekwa |
Ukugcwalisa kabusha / ukwengeza | Igcwalisa kabusha ngaphandle kokungena endaweni egciniwe yomlilo | Ivikela umthamo womlilo obaliwe |
Lezi zidingo zokuxhumana zisho ukuthi ithangi lakhiwe ukuze izimo zokudonsa kwephampu zihlangatshezwe ezansi komdwebo womlilo, hhayi nje kuphela lapho ithangi ligcwele.
Amaphampu e-Jockey, kagesi kanye nedizili ahlanganyela ithangi elilodwa
Ukufakwa kwephampu yomlilo ye-NFPA 20 ejwayelekile kuhlanganisa iphampu yomlilo eyinhloko (kagesi noma yedizili) nephampu ye-jockey, futhi zonke zidonsa ethangini lokudonsa elifanayo, ngakho ithangi kufanele lisebenzele wonke ama-driver ngaphandle kokungqubuzana. Ithangi liwumthombo ofanayo wayo yonke imisebenzi.
1. Iphampu ye-jockey. Igcina ingcindezi yokugada futhi ibuyisela uhlelo engcindezini ebekiwe ngemuva kwezidingo ezincane.
2. Iphampu eyinhloko kagesi. Iphampu yomlilo eyinhloko lapho kukhona amandla kagesi athembekile; iqala lapho kwehla ingcindezi etholwa isilawuli.
3. Iphampu eyinhloko yedizili. I-driver elihlukile noma eyinhloko lapho amandla kagesi engathembekile; i-NFPA 20 ihlanganisa izinhlinzeko zayo zikaphethiloli, ukupholisa kanye nokukhipha umoya.
4. Inketho ye-turbine eqondile. Lapho ithangi liyichibi lamanzi aphansi, iphampu ye-turbine eqondile ingadonsa ngqo kulo; i-NFPA 20 ihlanganisa le driver ngokukhethekile.
Ukuhlelwa kokudonsa kwethangi kufanele kuhambisane nenhlanganisela yama-driver esetshenziswayo, nezinga elincane elibekwe ukuze kuvikelwe wonke.
Isixhumanisi se-NFPA 22: Ithangi Lokudonsa Lingethangi le-NFPA 22
I-NFPA 20 ayiklama ngokwayo ithangi lokudonsa — idinga ukuthi ithangi lokudonsa lihambisane ne-NFPA 22, izinga lamathangi amanzi okuvikela umlilo angasese, ukuze ithangi nepompo kuqinisekiswe njengohlelo olulodwa lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi. Lokhu kubhekisela komunye umthetho kuhlanganisa lezi zindinganiso ezimbili ndawonye.
· Izinga lethangi. Ichibi elinikeza amanzi epompo ye-NFPA 20 lakhiwe futhi ligcotshwe ngokwe-NFPA 22 (izinhlinzeko zayo zeSahluko 14 zensimbi edayiwe, noma okulingana ne-bolted/GFS okubhekiselwe kukho kuphrojekthi).
· Inani lamanzi nobude besikhathi. Umthamo wethangi ubonisa isidingo sokuvikela umlilo nobude besikhathi okudingwa ukuklanywa kohlelo, futhi i-NFPA 20 iqinisekisa ukuthi ipompo ingakudonsa ngaphakathi kwaleso sikhathi.
· Ukuxhumana kokuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kwethangi kwe-NFPA 22 nokuhlolwa kwepompo kwe-NFPA 20 kuhlelwa ndawonye ukuze konke ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi kuqinisekiswe njengeyunithi eyodwa.
Umnikazi othenga iphampu ye-NFPA 20 kanye nethangi elihlukile, elingabhalwanga ezingxenyeni, ubeka engcupheni ukuxhumana okungahambisani nemigomo; ukucacisa ithangi ngokwe-NFPA 22 kuvala lelo gebe.
Amapayipi Okudonsa, Ukulawulwa Kwezinga Kanye Nengqondo Yesilawuli
Ukuxhumana komzimba nokulawula phakathi kwethangi nepompo — ukuhlelwa kwamapayipi okudonsa, izishintshi zezinga kanye nengqondo yesilawuli — yilapho ukuhambisana ne-NFPA 20 kutholakala noma kulahleka khona, futhi kufanele kuchazwe esicacisweni, hhayi ukushiyelwa umfaki. Imininingwane inquma ukuthi ipompo iyasebenza yini ngempela lapho idingeka.
· Amapayipi okudonsa. Akalwa futhi ahlelwe ukuze kugcinwe i-NPSH; imigqa yokudonsa emide, evinjelwe noma enamavalvu angafanele iyimbangela evamile yokwehluleka kwepompo.
· Izishintshi zezinga. Izishintshi zezinga eliphansi nezinga lokugcina zivikela umthamo womlilo futhi zibonisa ukugcwaliswa kabusha njengengxenye yengqondo yohlelo.
· Isilawuli. Isilawuli se-NFPA 20 siqala ipompo enkulu lapho ukucindezela kwehla futhi sibika ama-alamu; kufanele kuhambisane nezinga lethangi kanye namasignali okugcwalisa kabusha.
· Ukugeleza emuva kanye nesikhala somoya. Lapho ithangi ligcwaliswa kabusha lisuka komunye umthombo, isikhala somoya noma idivayisi evunyelwe yokuvimbela ukugeleza emuva igcina indawo yomlilo ihlukanisiwe.
Ukuchaza le mininingwane yokuxhumana kusipesifikeshini yokuthenga kuguqula iphampu nethangi kube umthombo wamanzi osebenzayo we-NFPA 20.
Ukuvumelana Nezinga Namandla Enkampani
Lesi sihloko siwumhlahlandlela wamazinga hhayi isicaphuno sephrojekthi; akukho cala eliqanjiwe elivezwayo. I-Center Enamel ihlinzeka ngamathangi okugcina amanzi okuqeda umlilo okubhekiselwe ku-NFPA 22 futhi, lapho kucaciswe khona isitsha esiboshiwe noma esihlanganiswe nengilazi nensimbi, ku-AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-ISO 28765, aklanyelwe ukwethula isimo sokudonsa esidingwa iphakethe lepompo le-NFPA 20 (i-NPSH, izinga eliphansi, igebe lomoya lokugcwalisa). Ukwenziwa kwesakhiwo kubhekiselwe ku-EN 1090 ukuze kutholakale uphawu lwe-CE, futhi ithangi liphethe i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS kanye nokwamukelwa kwe-FM lapho kudingeka khona. Iphakethe lepompo ngokwalo lihlinzekwa futhi lifakwe ku-NFPA 20 ngumhlanganisi wohlelo lokuvikela umlilo; ithangi lixhumaniswa nalelo phakethe. I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) ikhiqiza amathangi aboshiwe kusukela ngo-2008, iphethe amalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, iqedela amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000, futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi angawodwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³ ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 kanye ne-ISO 45001 yokukhiqiza.
Amandla Obunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-NFPA 20, NFPA 22, AWWA D103-09 ne-EN 1090 lapho uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga khona.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe i-NFPA 20 iklama ithangi lamanzi omlilo?
Impendulo 1: Cha. I-NFPA 20 ilawula iphampu yomlilo nokufakwa kwayo; idinga ukuthi ithangi lokudonsa lihambisane ne-NFPA 22, ngakho-ke ithangi liklanywa ngokwe-NFPA 22 futhi lixhunywe kuphampu ye-NFPA 20.
Umbuzo 2: Yini okufanele ithangi liyinikeze iphampu?
Impendulo 2: Ukudonsa okuthembekile: inhloko yokudonsa enhle ephelele eyanele (NPSH), izinga lamanzi eliphansi elizinzile elingaphezu kwendawo yokungena, kanye nokugcwaliswa kabusha okuvikela isiqiwu sedimandi yomlilo.
Umbuzo 3: Ingabe i-jockey pump iyadingeka?
Impendulo 3: I-jockey (booster) pump isetshenziselwa ukugcina ingcindezi yokugada nokuvimbela ukushintsha kaningi kwephampu enkulu yomlilo phakathi kwezidingo; i-NFPA 20 ihlanganisa ukufakwa kwayo njengengxenye yephakethe.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe iphampu ye-turbine eqondile ingadonsa isuka ethangini?
Impendulo 4: Yebo. I-NFPA 20 ihlanganisa amaphampu omlilo e-turbine eqondile, avame ukusetshenziswa lapho umthombo wokudonsa uyingxenye yomhlaba noma ithangi; izinga eliphansi lethangi libekwa ukuze kuvikelwe lokho kudonsa.
Umbuzo 5: Kungani kukhulunywa nge-air gap ethangini?
Impendulo 5: Lapho ithangi ligcwaliswa kabusha lisuka komunye umthombo, i-air gap noma idivayisi evunyelwe yokuvimbela ukuhlehla ihlukanisa indawo yomlilo ekungcoleni noma ekuhlehleni, okuyimfuneko yezinga lohlelo okufanele i-interface yethangi iyifeze.
Umbuzo 6: Ubani ohlinzeka ngephampu uma kuqhathaniswa nethangi?
Impendulo 6: Iphakethe lephampu yomlilo (kuya nge-NFPA 20) lihlinzekwa umhlanganisi wohlelo lokuvikela umlilo; ithangi (kuya nge-NFPA 22) lihlinzekwa umkhiqizi wethangi futhi lixhumaniswa nezidingo zokudonsa zephampu.
Umbuzo 7: Ingabe i-NFPA 20 isebenza ngaphandle kweNyakatho Melika?
Impendulo 7: I-NFPA 20 iyindinganiso evela e-United States eyamukelwa kabanzi noma okubhekiselwa kuyo emhlabeni wonke mayelana nokufakwa kwamaphampu omlilo; lapho kusebenza imithetho yaseYurophu, i-EN 12845 ilawula uhlelo lwama-sprinkler kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwalo kwamanzi, kanti ithangi lihlangabezana nezinhlinzeko zendawo ezifanayo zethangi lomlilo.
I-NFPA 20 ilawula iphakethe lephampu yomlilo — ama-driver, iphampu ye-jockey, isilawuli kanye ne-suction — kuyilapho ithangi le-suction elidonsa kulo lilawulwa yi-NFPA 22, futhi lezi zimbili zixhunyaniswa yimfuneko ye-NFPA 20 yokuthi ithangi le-suction kufanele lihambisane ne-NFPA 22. Umsebenzi wangempela wethangi ukunikeza iphampu i-NPSH eyanele, izinga eliphansi elivikelwe kanye nokugcwaliswa okuhlanzekile, futhi lezo ziningwane zokuxhumana kufanele zicaciswe kusukela ekuqaleni. Cacisa ithangi ngokwe-NFPA 22, lixhumanise nephampu ye-NFPA 20, futhi umthombo wamanzi uba yiyunithi eqinisekisiwe esikhundleni sokuthengwa okubili okungaxhunyiwe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Okwethangi lamanzi omlilo elinikeza iphakethe lepompo le-NFPA 20, sithumelele ukuhamba kwamanzi omlilo okudingekayo kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo, uhlobo lwepompo kanye nemfuneko ye-NPSH, ukuhlelwa kokudonsa amanzi (i-centrifugal noma i-vertical turbine), umthombo wokugcwalisa kabusha kanye nanoma yimiphi imithetho yokuhlehla kwamanzi, kanye nezitifiketi ezidingekayo (NFPA 22, NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FM, CE-EN1090). Sizobuyisela incazelo yethangi enezinga elincane kanye nejiyometri yokudonsa amanzi ehlelwe ukuvikela ipompo, igebe lomoya lokugcwalisa kabusha lichaziwe, kanye nokwamukelwa kwesakhiwo kanye nokumboza kubhalwe ngokwe-NFPA 22 kanye nezinga lokusebenza elisebenzayo.
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