Iyini Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Okuphuza Kamasipala? Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wengqalasizinda
Kwadalwa ngo 2024.03.24
Iyini Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Okuphuza Kamasipala? Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wengqalasizinda
Ithangi likamasipala lokugcina amanzi okuphuza liyisitsha esikhulu sobunjiniyela esiklanyelwe ukugcina amanzi ahlanzekile, aphephile okuphuza omphakathi, idolobha, noma isifunda. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi omphakathi, la mathangi avala igebe phakathi kwesidingo esiguquguqukayo sabathengi nsuku zonke kanye nokukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwesikhungo sokuhlanza amanzi.
Abekwe ngendlela efanele emanzini okusabalalisa kamasipala, lezi zimpahla zokugcina amanzi ziqinisekisa ukuthi imizi, izibhedlela, izikole, namabhizinisi athola ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwamanzi ahlanzekile anomfutho ophakeme kuyilapho kugcinwa iziqiwu eziphuthumayo ezibalulekile zokucima umlilo kanye nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
Imisebenzi Eyisisekelo Yengqalasizinda Yokugcina Amanzi Kamasipala
Izinhlelo zikahulumeni zamanzi azikwazi ukuthembela kuphela ezikhungweni zokuhlanza amanzi ezimpompa amanzi ngqo emapayipini abathengi isikhathi ngasinye. Isidingo samanzi siyashintshashintsha kakhulu usuku lonke—sikhuphuka ngezikhathi zasekuseni nasebusuku futhi sehla kakhulu ebusuku.
Amathangi okugcina amanzi okuphuza agcwalisa izindima ezintathu eziyinhloko zokusebenza:
1. Ukulinganisa kwe-Hydraulic (Ukuphathwa Kwesidingo Esiphezulu): Amathangi agcina amanzi amaningi akhiqizwa ngezikhathi ezinomthwalo ophansi (njengasebusuku) futhi anelekelela umkhiqizo wesikhungo sokuhlanza ngezikhathi ezinomthwalo ophezulu.
2. Ukugcinwa Kwengcindezi Yohlelo: Ngokusebenzisa indawo ephakeme yokugcina noma ukubekwa endaweni ephakeme, amathangi asebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi ukuze agcine ingcindezi yamanzi izinzile (ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-60 no-80 psi) kuyo yonke imigudu yokusabalalisa kamasipala.
3. Izinqolobane Eziphuthumayo Nezomlilo: Izindawo zokugcina zigcina amanzi anikezelwe ahlukaniswe ngokuqinile ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo eziphuthumayo zokucima umlilo (ezanelisa imithetho yendawo yomlilo) kanye nokuphuka okungalindelekile kwemigudu yamanzi noma izehlakalo zokungcoliswa komthombo.
Izinhlobo Ezijwayelekile Zamathangi Amanzi Okuphuza Omasipala
Kuye ngesimo sendawo, ukuminyana kwabantu, nezidingo zamanzi, omasipala basebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathangi okugcina amanzi:
Uhlobo Lwethangi | Incazelo Yesakhiwo | Umsebenzi Oyinhloko & Ukusetshenziswa |
Amathangi Aphakeme (Imibhoshongo Yamanzi) | Aphakanyiswe phezulu ezinsikeni zokweseka noma ezisekelweni ezingaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. | Ahlinzeka ngomfutho wamanzi ozinzile we-static ngamandla adonsela phansi ngaphandle kokumpompa okuqhubekayo. |
Amadamu Okugcina Amanzi Aphansi | Amadamu amakhulu, aphansi akhiwe emhlabathini noma eduze nomhlabathi. | Asetshenziselwa ukugcina amanzi amaningi, amanzi ahlanzekile ezindaweni zokuhlanza, kanye nokusekela ukusatshalaliswa kwesifunda. |
Izipayipi Ezimile | Amathangi amade, ayindilinga lapho ubude bukhulu kakhulu kunobubanzi. | Ihlanganisa ukugcinwa kwezinto eziningi kanye nokuzinzisa kwengcindezi emaphakathi endaweni eyisicaba. |
Amathangi Ensimbi Aboshwe | Izakhiwo zensimbi ezinamekwe ezenziwe ngemojula (isb., i-GFS noma i-epoxy-coated). | Amathangi kamasipala asetshenziswa ngokushesha, anezindleko eziphansi, akhiwe ngokuya ngezindinganiso eziqinile ze-AWWA. |
Imithetho Elawulayo Nezindinganiso Zokuthobela
Ngenxa yokuthi amathangi okugcina amanzi kamasipala aphethe amanzi ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngabantu, angaphansi kweminye yemithetho emiqinile kakhulu yezempilo, imvelo, nezakhiwo embonini yobunjiniyela:
● AWWA D100 & D103: Izinga elimiswe yi-American Water Works Association elilawula ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, ukushisela, ukwenziwa, nokuhlolwa kwamathangi ensimbi okugcina amanzi.
● NSF/ANSI Standard 61: Iyala ukuthi zonke izinto, izembozo, nezinto zokuvala ezithintana ngqo namanzi okuphuza zihlolwe futhi ziqinisekiswe ukuthi ziphephile ekuchithekeni kwamakhemikhali nasebuthini.
● Izinga Lezifundazwe Eziyishumi (Izinga Elinconyiwe Lemisebenzi Yamanzi): Umhlahlandlela oyisisekelo osetshenziswa kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika ukuze kutholwe imigomo yokuklama mayelana nokukhipha umoya emathangini, amapayipi okuchichima, ukukhipha amanzi, nokuvikela inhlanzeko.
● I-AWWA C652: Ichaza izinqubo eziyimpoqo zokubulala amagciwane ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ngaphambi kokuba zisetshenziselwe umphakathi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwethangi lokugcina amanzi angakahlanzwa nelokugcina amanzi ahlanziwe okuphuzwayo?
Amathangi okugcina amanzi angakahlanzwa agcina amanzi angakahlanzwa athathwe ngqo emithonjeni yemvelo (imifula, amachibi, noma imithombo) ngaphambi kokuba angene endaweni yokuhlanza. Ithangi likamasipala lokugcina amanzi ahlanziwe okuphuzwayo ligcina amanzi asehlanzwe ngokuphelele ngamakhemikhali nangokomzimba, okwenza aphephe ngokugcwele ukuthi asetshenziswe ngumphakathi.
Amathangi amanzi aphakeme akhiqiza kanjani umfutho ngaphandle kwamaphampu?
Amathangi aphakeme asebenzisa umgomo womzimba womfutho we-static head. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi anesisindo esingaba ngamaphawundi angu-8.34 igaloni ngalinye, ukuwabeka phezulu emoyeni kwenza amandla emvelo adonsela phansi. Iya ngeya ngalinye lokukhuphuka likhiqiza cishe u-0.433 psi womfutho wamanzi, okuvumela amanzi ukuthi ageleze ngokwemvelo emigwaqweni yomasipala aye ezakhiweni ezinemitehe eminingi.
Amathangi okugcina amanzi kamasipala kufanele ahlolwe futhi ahlanzwe kangaki?
Izinga lemikhakha kanye nemithetho yezempilo yemvelo ngokuvamile igunyaza ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle ngonyaka kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwangaphakathi (ukuhlola ubuqotho besakhiwo, ukunqwabelana kwezinsalela, kanye nesimo sokumbozwa) njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-5. Izinhlelo zokuhlanza ezijwayelekile kanye nezokubulala amagciwane zihlelwa ngokufanele ukuvimbela ukungcola.
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