Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Enqubo Yezimayini: Ubunjiniyela Bokuphatha Amanzi Okuthembekile Ekucubunguleni Amaminerali
Kwadalwa ngo 02.05
Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Okucubungula Imayini: Ubunjiniyela Bokuphatha Amanzi Okuthembekile Ekucubunguleni Amaminerali
Emisebenzi yanamuhla yezimayini nokucubungula amaminerali, amanzi ayigazi lomzimba wonke wesikhungo. Kusukela ekugayweni kwensimbi, ekuncishisweni kobukhulu bezinto, nasezinhlelweni zokuhlukanisa amaminerali ngamagwebu, kuya ekuncibilikisweni ngamakhemikhali nasekulungiseleleni udaka lwezinsalela, amanzi amaningi kakhulu okusebenza kumele agcinwe, alawulwe, futhi alethwe ngokuqhubekayo. Ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi yezimayini ivame ukuba ezindaweni ezikude, ezonile, noma ezibucayi ngokwemvelo, ukugcina ukutholakala kwamanzi okuphephile, okunamandla amakhulu, nokungaphazamiseki kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni nasekuphileni komnotho wesikhungo.
Amathangi ensimbi avamile ashiselwe ndawonye kanye namadamu kakhonkolo athelwayo avame ukuhluleka ezindaweni ezinzima zezimayini. Abuthakathaka ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali anamandla, amanzi okucubungula agcwele amaminerali, ukugqokwa kwezinhlayiya ezihlikihlayo, kanye nezinselele ezinkulu zokuthutha ezindaweni ezikude.
Amathangi anamabhawudi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) asephenduke izinga lomhlaba wonke lemboni lamathangi okugcina amanzi okucubungula emayini, enikeza ukuqina kwesakhiwo okungenakuqhathaniswa, ukungasebenzi kwamakhemikhali ngokuphelele, nokuthunyelwa ngokushesha.
1. Iqhaza Elibalulekile Lamanzi Enqubo Ekucubunguleni Amaminerali
Ngokungafani namanzi angahluziwe noma amanzi okuphuza, amanzi enqubo ngaphakathi komjikelezo wezimayini abamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuhlukaniseni nasekukhipheni amaminerali. Ukuphathwa kwawo kuhilela izidingo ezithile zokusebenza:
● Imijikelezo Yokugaya Nokugaya: Amanzi axutshwa nensimbi eyumbiwe ukuze kwakhiwe udaka olungenisa izigayo ze-SAG nezama-bhola. Ukugeleza okungaphazamiseki kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukuminyana kwezigayo nokonakala kwemishini.
● Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamakhemikhali Okuntanta: Amanzi enqubo avame ukuthwala ama-collector amakhemikhali ancibilikile, ama-frother, nama-depressant asetshenziswa kumaseli okuntanta, okudinga amathangi okugcina amelana nokonakala kwamakhemikhali.
● Ukubuyiswa Kwamanzi Nokusetshenziswa Kabusha Okujikelezayo: Ukuze kuthotshelwe imithetho eqinile yezemvelo nokulondoloza imithombo yamanzi, izimayini zanamuhla zibuyisa amanzi kuma-thickener namadamu e-tailings, ziwabuyisela emathangini okugcina amanzi enqubo ukuze asetshenziswe kabusha ngokuqhubekayo.
2. Kungani Amathangi E-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) Ehlula Ekugcineni Amanzi Enqubo
Izindawo zezimayini zidinga ingqalasizinda yokugcina ekwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi ezinzima zomzimba namakhemikhali. Ubuchwepheshe be-GFS buhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezihlukile zobunjiniyela:
● Ukumelana Nokugqwala Okuphezulu Kakhulu: Ukuhlanganisa ingilazi esezingeni eliphezulu kuma-steel plate ezakhiweni emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-820°C no-930°C kwakha isibopho se-molecular esingahlukaniseki. Lesi sivikelo sengilazi nensimbi simelana nosawoti abanamandla, amakhemikhali, nezinto zokwenza ezihlukahlukene kububanzi be-pH obubanzi obusuka ku-1 kuye ku-14.
● Ukuvikelwa Ekugugeni Nasekukhuhleni: Ingaphezulu lengilazi elibushelelezi neliqinile ngaphakathi limelana nokukhuhleka kwezinhlayiya ezincane zamaminerali nezinto ezigugulayo, livimbela ukuncipha kodonga eminyakeni eminingi yokusebenza okuqhubekayo.
● Ukungangcolisi Ukugqwala: Isivikelo sengilazi esingasebenzi sivikela ngokuphelele insimbi engaphansi kumswakama nama-ion asebenzayo, sivimbela ukugqwala futhi sigcine amanzi okwenza engenazicucu zokugqwala ezingaphazamisa amakhemikhali we-flotation abucayi.
3. Izinzuzo Zokuthutha Ezikude Zemigodi Yezimayini
Amaphrojekthi ezimayini avame ukusungulwa ezindaweni ezikude ezinezintaba, eziwugwadule, noma ezindaweni ezibandayo lapho imishini yokwakha esindayo nabasebenzi abanekhono lokushisela ingekho.
● Ukuthuthwa Kwamaphaneli Acwecwe: Amathangi e-GFS nawensimbi abhontshiwe akhiwa ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezilawulwayo bese ethunyelwa njengamaphaneli acwecwe, okwehlisa kakhulu izindleko zokuthutha nobunkimbinkimbi bokuthutha ezindaweni ezinzima.
● Ukufakwa Ngokushesha Endaweni: Ngokungafani namathangi kakhonkolo athelwayo adinga uhlaka oluyinkimbinkimbi namasonto okomisa okuncike esimweni sezulu, amathangi abhontshiwe afakwa ngokushesha kusetshenziswa imishini elula yokuphakamisa nezinsimbi ezikhethekile ezinamandla, okunciphisa isikhathi sokufaka ngesigamu.
● Ukukhula Nokuthuthwa: Uma imayini ikhulisa amandla ayo okucubungula insimbi, amathangi anamabhawudi amanzi okucubungula angakhuliswa kalula ngokwengeza izitezi zokuphakama, noma ahlakazwe futhi athuthwe endaweni entsha yemayini.
I-Matrix Yokuqhathanisa: Ubuchwepheshe bamathangi amanzi okucubungula
Upharamitha Wokuhlola | Amathangi E-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) | Amathangi Kakhonkolo Aphonswa Endaweni | Amathangi Ensimbi Ajwayelekile Ashiselwayo |
Ukugqwala Nokumelana Namakhemikhali | Asezingeni eliphezulu; ukubopha kwamangqamuzana engilazi nensimbi okungenakuguquka | Aphakathi nendawo; asengozini yokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali nokunqwabelana kwezinto | Iphansi; izinto zokuvikela ziyonakala ngokushesha emisebenzini yamaminerali |
Ukuthuthwa Kwezindawo Ezikude | Kuhle kakhulu; amaphaneli ayisicaba e-modular alula ukuthuthwa | Kubi; kudinga ukuthuthwa kwezinto eziningi zokwakha (usimende, amatshe) | Kulingene; kudinga ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezinkulu ezi-welded |
Isivinini Sokufaka | Ukufakwa ngemishini okusheshayo ngezibopho (amaviki) | Kucisha kakhulu; kudinga ukhuni lokwakha, ukuthela, nokulungisa (izinyanga) | Kucisha; kudinga ukushisela okuningi endaweni nokuhlolwa kwe-NDT |
Izindleko Zokunakekela | Kuncane kakhulu; akukho ukupenda kabusha noma ukugoqwa kwangaphakathi okudingekayo | Kuphezulu; kudinga ukujova okuvamile kanye nokulungiswa kwezinsimbi zangaphakathi | Phezulu; ukuhlanjululwa ngesihlabathi njalo, ukuthinta, nokufaka upende okuvikelayo |
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Kungani amathangi e-GFS ekhethwa ekugcineni amanzi enqubo yezimayini?
Impendulo: Amathangi e-GFS anikeza ukumelana okukhethekile namakhemikhali enqubo agqwalisayo, amanzi anamaminerali amaningi, nezinto ezigcwele amanzi ezinhlabathi. Ingaphakathi lawo lengilazi ehlanganisiwe livimbela ukugqwala nokugqokwa, liqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinzima zezimayini.
Umbuzo: Amathangi amodula ahlanganisiwe abhekana kanjani nezindawo ezikude zezimayini?
A: Ngenxa yokuthi izindawo zezimayini zivame ukuba kude, amathangi amodula aboshwayo athunyelwa egqitshwe endaweni eyisicaba emakhasimini ajwayelekile. Awadingi izitshalo ezinkulu zikakhonkolo noma abasebenzi abakhethekile bokushisela endaweni, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa ngokushesha ezindaweni ezingazodwa.
Q: Ingabe amathangi amanzi enqubo yezimayini angamelana namanzi asetshenzisiwe kanye nezinongo zamakhemikhali?
A: Yebo. Amathangi e-GFS asezingeni eliphezulu abekezelela uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwamakhemikhali (pH 1 kuya ku-14), okubenza balungele ukugcina amanzi enqubo agaywe kabusha, izinto zokuhlanganisa amaminerali, kanye namanzi angcolile ezimbonini asetshenzisiwe ngaphandle kokonakala kwesakhiwo.
Q: Can a mining process water storage tank be expanded if plant throughput increases?
A: Yebo. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwe-modular bolted tank architecture ukuthi iyakhula. Uma umsebenzi wezimayini wandisa amandla okucubungula i-ore, ithangi lingakhishwa izinkinobho linwetshwe ngokungeza ama-ring tiers aphezulu ukuze kwandiswe umthamo wokugcina.
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