Amathangi Okugcina Amaminerali: Ubunjiniyela Obuthuthukile Bezimboni Zezimayini Nokucubungula
Kwadalwa ngo 2024.03.23
Amathangi Okugcina Izimbiwa: Ubunjiniyela Obuthuthukile Bezimboni Zezimayini Nokucubungula
Izimboni zezimayini, zokucubungula amaminerali, nezamatshe agqinsiwe zisebenza ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu emhlabeni. Kusukela ekuphatheni izinto ezinamanzi ezinamaminerali aguqulayo nezinto zamakhemikhali ezonakalisayo, kuya ekugcineni izinto eziyimpuphu ezomile ezifana nosimende, umcako, namalahle, abaqhubi bezikhungo badinga ingqalasizinda yokugcina eqinile ngokukhethekileyo.
Amathangi okugcina amaminerali nama-silo amakhulu asebenza njengezimpahla ezibalulekile zokusebenza ezitshalweni zokuhlukanisa amaminerali, ezintweni zokuwasha, nasezindaweni zokulayisha. Ngenxa yokuthi ukucubungula amaminerali kuhilela ukugqokwa kwemishini okungapheli nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali, ukukhetha ubunjiniyela bamathangi obufanele nobuchwepheshe bezinto zokwakha kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwehluleka kwemishini okuyinhlekelele, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuma komsebenzi, nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemvelo.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezicelo Zokugcina Amaminerali
Izikhungo zokucubungula amaminerali zisebenzisa imikhumbi yokugcina ekhethekile ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhiqiza, ezihlukaniswa kabanzi zibe ukugcina okomile okuningi nokuphatha izinto ezinamanzi ezihuquzelayo noma izinto zamakhemikhali:
● Izinqolobane Zezinto Ezomile Eziyisihlabathi: Ziklanyelwe ukugcina izinto ezicolekile nezinhlayiyana ezifana nosimende, umcako, itshe likamcako, isihlabathi se-silica, ubumba, nomlotha wokundiza. Lezi zinqolobane zidinga imiklamo ekhethekile ye-hopper (njengokuhleleka kwe-mass-flow noma i-expanded-flow) ukuvimbela ukubhajwa kwezinto nokwakheka kwezimbobo.
● Amathangi Amanzi Nezinto Eziyisigaxa: Asetshenziswa emijikelezweni yokugaya okumanzi nokuntanta ukuze abambe izinto eziyisigaxa zezimbiwa, amanzi okuhlalisa, nezinsalela. Lawa mathangi kumele amelane nokuguguleka okukhulu kwezinhlayiyana nokucindezela kwamanzi okuguquguqukayo.
● Imikhumbi Yamakhemikhali: Igcina ama-asidi, izinto ezinamandla, ama-flocculant, nama-cyanide asetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa, edinga ukungasebenzi kwamakhemikhali ngokuphelele nokungagqwali.
2. Ubuchwepheshe Obuthuthukile Bezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Ezimayini Ezinzima
Izimo zokwakha ezivamile zikakhonkolo kanye namathangi ensimbi avamile we-carbon steel ngokuvamile asengozini yokuhlaselwa yi-sulfate, ukuqhekeka kwe-asidi, kanye nokuncipha ngokushesha kodonga oluncane olubangelwa ukushayiswa kwezinto eziqinile ezihlikihlayo. Izikhungo zesimanje zezimbiwa zincike ezindleleni ezithuthukisiwe zobunjiniyela:
● Amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS): Ukuhlanganisa i-glass enamel engaphili nensimbi yezakhiwo enamandla amakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kwakha indawo eqinile kakhulu, engasebenzi ngamakhemikhali. Amathangi e-GFS amelana nokugqwala nokugqokwa kanye nezixazululo zamakhemikhali ezinobuthi ebubanzi be-pH, okwenza afanelekele amanzi okucubungula, ukugcina izinto zamakhemikhali, nezichibi zokuhlalisa.
● Amathangi Ensimbi Engasindi (Stainless Steel): Akhiwe ngezigaba zensimbi engasindi (austenitic noma duplex) (ezifana ne-304, 316L, noma 2205), le mikhumbi inamandla aphezulu okudonsa (tensile strength) nokumelana nokugqwala (pitting resistance) lapho iphethe amapulp amakhemikhali anolaka nama-slurries.
● Amasilo Ensimbi Ahlanganiswayo (Modular Bolted Steel Silos): Imiklamo yamaphaneli ahlanganiswayo enziwe ngaphambilini ivumela ukwakhiwa ngokushesha ezindaweni ezikude, ezinzima zezimayini ngaphandle kokudinga ukushisela (welding) okuyinkimbinkimbi endaweni, kuyilapho inikeza ukuguquguquka kokwandisa umthamo njengoba imisebenzi ikhula.
Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa: Izixazululo Zokugcina Amaminerali
Evaluation Parameter | Amabhulokhi e-Glasi Ehlanganiswe Nensimbi (GFS) | Izinqolobane zikakhonkolo Othelelwe Endaweni | Amathangi Ensimbini Ehlanganiswe Nge-Welding |
Ukumelana Nokugqokwa Nokugqokwa | Phezulu; indawo yeglasi eqinile imelana nokugqokwa kokushelela | Kulingene; ingaphezulu liyaguguleka ngaphansi kokugeleza kwezinto eziqinile ezinkulu | Kulingene; adinga izinto zokuvikela zangaphakathi ezihlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile |
Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Kuhle kakhulu emazingeni ahlukahlukene e-acid ne-alkaline | Kulimala kalula ukuchithwa kwe-acid nokuhlaselwa yi-sulfate | Kuphansi ngaphandle kwezingqimba zokuvikela ezinzima |
Isikhathi Sokufakwa | Ukuhlanganiswa ngokushesha kwamamojula (kuqedwa emasontweni) | Kancane; kudinga uhlaka oluningi nokuthambisa | Kumaphakathi kuya kancane (kudinga ukushisela ensimini nokupenda) |
Ukukhuliswa Nokuthuthwa | Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwamamojula; kulula ukunweba noma ukuthutha | Isakhiwo esihlala njalo esiyisakhiwo esisodwa | Isakhiwo esihlala njalo esingathuthwa |
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto ezivame ukugcinwa emathangini ezimboni okugcina amaminerali?
Impendulo: Amathangi okugcina amaminerali aphatha izinhlobonhlobo zezinto, okuhlanganisa izimpushana ezomile (usimende, umcako, i-limestone, umlotha wendiza (fly ash), isihlabathi se-silica), ama-slurries amaminerali amanzi, amanzi okucubungula, namakhemikhali okuhlanganisa (flotation reagents) asetshenziswa ekumbiweni kwezimayini.
Umbuzo: Izinqolobane zokugcina izimbiwa zivimbela kanjani izinto ezomile eziningi ukuthi zingahlangani noma zingavali?
Impendulo: Izinqolobane ezakhiwe ngobunjiniyela zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokukhipha ezisebenza kahle zokugeleza okukhulu noma okunwetshiwe, ama-engeli athambekele kahle (kusukela ku-45° kuya ku-70°), kanye nezinsiza zangaphakathi ezikhethekile zokuqinisekisa ukukhipha okuthembekile nokungaphazamiseki.
Umbuzo: Kungani amathangi e-Glasi Ehlanganiswe Nensimbi (GFS) ethandwa ezimayini nasekucubunguleni izimbiwa?
A: Amathangi e-GFS ahlanganisa amandla aphezulu okudonsa ensimbi yezakhiwo kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa kanye nokungasebenzi kwamakhemikhali kwe-glasi enamel, evikela kokubili ukugqwala kanye nokuncipha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kodonga olubangelwa ukuthintana nezinto eziqinile ezihlikihlayo.
Q: Ingabe amathangi okugcina izimbiwa angafakwa ezindaweni ezikude zezimayini?
A: Yebo. Amathangi ensimbi abolted amodular afakwe ngaphambilini aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo ezikude, ngoba angapakishwa flat, athunyelwe ngempumelelo, futhi ahlanganiswe ngokushesha ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abanamandla okwakha.
WhatsApp