I-Silo Yokugcina Impuphu Yamaminerali: Idizayini Emelana Nokuguguleka Yezimayini Ne-Ore Concentrate
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
I-Silo Yokugcina Impuphu Yamaminerali: Idizayini Emelana Nokuhuzuka Yezimayini Ne-Concentrate Yensimbi
I-silo yokugcina impushana yamaminerali yezimayini ne-ore concentrate yakhelwe ukumelana nezinsongo ezintathu ezenzeka kanyekanye ezingakaze zibhekane nazo izilo ezijwayelekile zempushana: ukuguguleka okukhulu endaweni ye-hopper nomnyango wokungena lapho isivinini siphezulu, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuvela kuma-concentrate ane-asidi noma anetshe lolwandle, kanye nesisindo esikhulu kakhulu esigciniwe esilayisha uqweqwe kanye nesisekelo ngamandla amakhulu. Idizayini ibhekana nokuguguleka ngama-liner ashintshwayo ezindaweni zokuguga, ibhekane nokugqwala ngohlelo lwangaphakathi olumelana namakhemikhali (i-enamel ye-glass-fused-to-steel noma i-lining ebekiwe) eqinisekiswa ngemininingwane yokumelana ebhaliwe, futhi ibhekane nesisindo ngodonga nesisekelo okuhlolwa ngokwesisekelo somoya nokuzamazama komhlaba wendawo. Ukuvalwa nokulawulwa kothuli kuqedela uhlelo ukuze i-concentrate igcinwe, ingalahleki noma ingavezwa.
I-ore concentrate iphambene ne-powder enobungani. Incane, iminyene, ivamise ukuba ne-asidi, futhi ihamba phakathi kwesilo njengesihlabathi esiwuketshezi — isika udonga lapho isivinini siphezulu khona futhi ihlasela insimbi lapho ikhemistri inolaka khona. Isilo samaminerali esicaciswe njengebhini likasimende sidliwa sidlule kukhostili phakathi nesizini eyodwa futhi sincibilika odongeni olungavikelwe. Abasebenzi bezimayini abathenga ngomthamo kuphela bashintsha ama-liner njalo futhi balwa nokuvuza kokugcinwa. Le ndatshana ihlanganisa umklamo omelana nokuhuzuka, oqaphela ukugqwala okwenza isilo se-powder yamaminerali sikwazi ukumelana nomsebenzi we-concentrate.
Ukuhuzuka Kubusa I-Liner, Hhayi Igobolondo Lonke
Ukuguguleka okugxilile kutholakala emlonyeni wokungena, endaweni yokungena kanye nanoma yiphi indawo yokushayisana kokugeleza, ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa ekugugulekeni kuyi-liner eshintshwayo kulezo zindawo esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa okubizayo kulo lonke igobolondo. Ingxenye ephezulu yegobolondo ibona ukuguguleka okuncane; i-cone ibona cishe konke ukuguguleka.
· Izindawo zokuguguleka. Ukuhlangana komlomo wokungena, ukushayisana kokungena, kanye nemitha yokuqala yodonga ngaphansi komfula wokugcwalisa kuthatha isivinini esiphezulu kakhulu kanye nezinga lokusika.
· I-liner eshintshwayo. Amapuleti aqinile okuguguleka, amathayela e-ceramic noma i-castable ku-cone nasendaweni yokungena; ivuselelwa iphaneli ngephaneli ngaphandle kokushintsha i-silo.
· Inzuzo yebhawudi. I-silo ebhawudiwe ivumela ukuthi ikhosi egugile noma ingxenye ye-liner ishintshwe endaweni, kugcinwe ukugxila kuqukethwe phakathi nokuphila kwempahla.
Ukuhlolwa kokuguguleka kokugxila okuthile kubeka isici se-liner; ukuqagela okujwayelekile "kwensimbi eqinile" kusebenza kabi.
Ukumelana Nokugqwala Kwezinto Ezigxilile Ezinama-Acidic Ne-Saline
Ama-concentrate amaningi ane-asidi noma anosawoti futhi ahlasela insimbi engenalutho, ngakho-ke umgoqo wangaphakathi ukhethwa ngenxa yokumelana namakhemikhali okubhaliwe — i-enamel ehlanganiswe nengilazi nensimbi noma umugqa oqanjiwe — nedatha yokumelana ehambisana ne-pH nekimistri ye-concentrate. Ukugqwala nokuhuzuka kuhlangana ku-wet cone.
Uhlelo lwangaphakathi | Ukuhuzuka | Ukumelana nokugqwala | Qaphela |
Insimbi engenalutho/eqinile + i-liner | I-liner ithatha ukuhuzuka | Phansi ngaphandle kwe-liner | I-liner kufanele iphelele |
I-lining ye-Epoxy / FBE | Kulingene | Kuhle ngokwedatha | Ikhemistri ebhaliwe |
I-GFS enamel | Kushelelayo, akusebenzi | Okuqinile ngokwedatha | Kushiswe ku-820–930 °C, i-Ra < 0.8 µm |
Insimbi engagqwali | Phezulu | Phezulu | Ukukhetha okuqhutshwa yizindleko |
Ukuqedwa kwangaphakathi kwe-GFS enamel (ubukhulu 0.25–0.45 mm, ukunamathela > 3,450 N/cm², kuhlolwe nge-spark ye-1,500 V DC) kubushelelezi futhi akusebenzi, futhi lapho idatha yokumelana namakhemikhali ebhaliwe ihlanganisa i-concentrate, kusebenza kokubili ukumelana nokupakisha okuseduze ne-abrasion kanye nokugqwala kusendlalelo elilodwa.
Isisindo Esikhulu Esigciniwe Sidinga Udonga Olulawulwa Umthwalo Kanye Nesisekelo
I-Concentrate iminyene, ngakho ingcindezi evundlile ye-Janssen odongeni kanye nomthwalo oqondile esisekelweni kuphakeme; udonga luhamba ngobukhulu ngokuhambisana neprofayili yengcindezi futhi isisekelo silinganiswa nobukhulu obuphelele kanye nomoya nokuzamazama komhlaba. Iziyaluyalu ezincane zivumela igobolondo ukuthi libe mncane; i-concentrate ayivumeli.
· Ubukhulu obulawulwa yingcindezi. Izendlalelo eziphansi zithatha umthamo wengcindezi yokukhipha ovela kukholomu eminyene; amasilo aboshiwe asebenzisa uhlelo lwamaphaneli anezitebhisi.
· Izindandatho zokuqinisa. Izinto zokuqinisa ezivundlile zimelana nokugoba kwe-hoop ne-meridional okuvela kukholomu esindayo nokudonsa okungajwayelekile.
· Isisekelo. I-ring beam noma i-raft elinganiswe nobukhulu obuphezulu be-bulk density; umthamo wokuthwala nokuhlala kusetha ifomu, kanti ukuphakama nokugingqika okuvela emoyeni/nokuzamazama komhlaba kuyengezwa.
Isakhiwo sihlolwa njengephakethe elilodwa ukuze ukugcwala okuminyene kungadluli umthamo wesisekelo noma kugobe igobolondo.
Ukuvala, Uthuli Nokuqukethwa Kwemvelo
I-mineral concentrate iyigugu futhi ingaba yingozi uma ikhishwa, ngakho i-silo ivaliwe futhi ikhipha umoya ngesihlungi esilinganiselwe, kanti ukuqapha izinga nengcindezi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele kulo mjikelezo. Ukulahlekelwa kungokwezimali nangokwemvelo.
· Igobolondo elivaliwe nophahla. Ama-silo aboshiwe asebenzisa izihlanganisi ezivaliwe nemigudu yokungena; uphahla lukakhoni lukhawulela indawo yomoya oswakile nokungena kwesimo sezulu.
· Isihlungi sokukhipha umoya. Sithwebula uthuli olucolekile lwe-concentrate ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa nokukhipha; ukuqapha kwengcindezi ehlukile kuqinisekisa ukusebenza.
· Ukugcinwa kwesibili. Lapho i-concentrate iyingozi, isisekelo esibiyelwe noma ukushintshwa okuvaliwe kunciphisa ukuchitheka endaweni yokuphuma nangesikhathi sokubuyiswa.
Ukugcinwa kwakhiwe, akucatshangelwanga; ukuqapha kuqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele.
Ukuhlolwa Kwesakhiwo Nokuzamazama Komhlaba Kwe-Umbro Womthombo Osindayo
I-silo ye-concentrate eminyene iy-umbro osindayo okuzinza kwayo kwesimo esigcwele kuyasiza kodwa izimo zayo zomoya nokuzamazama komhlaba zisabusa ama-anchor, ngakho i-shell, i-ring beam kanye nesisekelo kuhlolwa ngokwesisekelo sendawo njengephakethe elilodwa. Isisindo sisebenza ngezinhlangothi zombili — siyazinza kodwa futhi siyalayisha.
· Umoya (ASCE 7 / EN 1991-1-4). Ukugoqa nokugingqika; izimo ezingenalutho nezingxenye zingalawulwa umoya.
· Ukuzamazama komhlaba (ASCE 7 / EN 1998-4). I-inertia ku-shell kanye nesisindo esiminyene; ukukhushulwa kanye nokugunda kuma-anchor naku-ring beam.
· Isisekelo. Umthwalo oqondile, wokugingqika nowokukhushulwa ovela kukholomu esindayo kanye nomoya/ukuzamazama komhlaba; ukuthwala kwenhlabathi kubeka uhlobo.
Umkhiqizi uxhumanisa iphaneli, i-liner, isiqinisi kanye nephakethe le-anchor ukuze ukuguga, ukugqwala kanye nesakhiwo kuvumelane.
Icala Lomsebenzi
I-referensi yedepho yokugcina impuphu yamaminerali ezinikezelwe emayini kanye ne-ore concentrate ayikakabi yingxenye yephothifoliyo elethiwe, ngakho-ke le ndatshana ibhalwe njengomhlahlandlela wobunjiniyela hhayi njengombhalo wesicelo sephrojekthi. Ikhono lenkampani lokuhlinzeka ngamadepho amaminerali ne-impuphu aboshiwe likhonjiswa ngamaphrogremu amathangi aboshiwe alethiwe njenge-India GFS fire-protection reservoir (amathangi angu-3, 12,261 m³, 2024-06) kanye ne-Singapore GFS installation (amathangi angu-2, 1,666 m³, 2026-01), akhiwe ngamazinga afanayo amathangi aboshiwe. Lezo ziyizinkomba zokuvikela umlilo ezicashunwe kuphela njengomongo wekhono, hhayi njengokufakwa kwamadepho amaminerali.
Ikhono Lobunjiniyezi Be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-ISO 28765, EN 1090, ASCE 7, EN 1991-1-4 kanye ne-EN 1998-4 lapho ukusetshenziswa kudinga khona.
Ekugcineni impushana yamaminerali, inkampani ihlinzeka ngama-silo ensimbi eboshiwe kanye ne-GFS anezinto zokugqoka ezingamelana nokuhuzuka ezindaweni zokugqoka, uhlelo lwangaphakathi olumelana namakhemikhali (i-enamel ye-GFS noma umugqa oqanjiwe) onedatha yokumelana ebhaliwe, ukugcinwa okuvaliwe, izinhlinzeko zokuhlunga umoya kanye nephakethe lamaphaneli, iziqinisi kanye nezikhonkwane ezihambisana nesisekelo somthetho wephrojekthi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kungani kufakwa umugqa ku-hopper kuphela, hhayi kulo lonke isilo?
A1: Ukuhuzuka kwenzeka endaweni yesihloko esinesivinini esiphezulu, indawo yokungena kanye namaphoyinti okushayisana; i-liner eshintshwayo ikhona ivikela igobolondo lapho liguga khona, igwema ukuthuthukiswa kwegobolondo eliphelele futhi ivumela i-silo eboshiwe ukuthi ivuselelwe ngamaphaneli.
Q2: Ingabe i-enamel ye-GFS ifanelekile kwi-concentrate ene-asidi?
A2: Lapho idatha yokumelana namakhemikhali ye-enamel ebhaliwe ihlanganisa i-pH kanye nekhemistri ye-concentrate, yebo — i-enamel evuthiwe (Ra < 0.8 µm, ukunamathela okungaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², ihlolwe nge-spark) ibushelelezi futhi ayisebenzi; uma kungenjalo, i-lining eqanjiwe icaciswa kusukela kudatha.
Umbuzo 3: Ingabe isisindo esindayo siphathwa kanjani ngokwesakhiwo?
A3: Udonga lwenyuka ngobukhulu ngokulandela iphrofayela yengcindezi yakwa-Janssen, amaringi okuqinisa amelana nokugoba, futhi isisekelo silinganiselwe ikholomu eminyene kanye nokugingqika komoya nokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokuphakama.
Q4: Uthuli nokulahleka kulawulwa kanjani?
A4: Igobolondo elivaliwe nophahla olunomoya wokuhlunga olinganiselwe endaweni yokuphefumula kubamba i-concentrate encane; ukuqapha izinga nengcindezi, kanye nokugcinwa kwesibili lapho kudingeka khona, kufakazela ukuvalwa.
Q5: Yimiphi imigomo elawula isakhiwo?
A5: Umoya ku-ASCE 7 / EN 1991-1-4 kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba ku-ASCE 7 / EN 1998-4, kuhlolwa izimo ezingenalutho nezingxenye; isisekelo sithwala umthwalo oqondile, wokugingqika kanye nowokuphakama.
Q6: Ingabe i-liner egugile ingashintshwa ngaphandle kokumisa isitshalo isikhathi eside?
A6: Ku-silo ehlanganisiwe, izigaba ezigugile noma izingxenye ze-liner zishintshwa endaweni; ingxenye esele yegobolondo ihlala isebenza, yingakho ukwakhiwa okuhlanganisiwe kufanele umsebenzi wokuhlikihla.
Umbuzo 7: Yini umhlinzeki ayiletha ngaphandle kwegobolondo?
Impendulo 7: Izindwangu zokuguguleka ezindaweni zokuguga, uhlelo lwangaphakathi olumelana nokugqwala olunemininingwane yokumelana, ukuvalwa okuqinile, umoya wokuhlunga kanye nephakethe elihlanganisiwe lokuqinisa/isibopho ngesisekelo sekhodi esicacisiwe.
Isilo sokugcina impuphu yamaminerali sezokumbiwa kanye nokugxilisa ingcebo yensimbi sisinda ngokuphendula ukuguguleka, ukugqwala kanye nomthwalo njengodizayini owodwa: izindwangu ezishintshekayo ezindaweni zokuguga, uhlelo lwangaphakathi olumelana namakhemikhali olusekelwe imininingwane ebhaliwe, kanye nodonga kanye nesisekelo esilawulwa ukuze kumelane nomugqa ominyene ngaphansi komoya nokuzamazama komhlaba. Yivala futhi uyiphe umoya ukuze igcine, hlanganisa indwangu kanye nesakhiwo kuphakethe eliboshiwe, futhi isilo sibamba ukugxilisa ingcebo yensimbi phakathi nezinkathi zonyaka esikhundleni sokuguguleka yiyo.
Khuluma nonjiniyela
Okwesilinda sokugcina impushana yamaminerali, sithumelele i-chemistry ye-concentrate (i-pH, i-abrasiveness, i-bulk density), usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nezakhiwo zokugeleza, umthamo kanye nenani lamalinda, noma yisiphi isidingo sokugcina, kanye nendawo yomoya/ukuzamazama komhlaba. Sizobuyisela idizayini ye-abrasion-liner, uhlelo lwangaphakathi olumelana nokugqwala olunedatha yokumelana, iphakethe elivaliwe lokugcina nokukhipha umoya, kanye nedizayini yesakhiwo ebhekiswe ku-EN 1090 kanye nesisekelo esisebenzayo se-ASCE 7 noma i-EN 1998.
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