Iyini Ithangi Lokugcina Uketshezi?
Kwadalwa ngo 2024.03.22
Iyini Ithangi Lokugcina Uketshezi?
Ithangi lokugcina uketshezi yisitsha esikhethekile esiklanyelwe ukubamba, ukucubungula, noma ukuthutha uketshezi ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Kusukela emathangini amancane angamagalani angu-500 kuya ezakhiweni ezinkulu ezingaphezu komhlaba ezingamagalani ayizigidi ezi-5, lawa mathangi ayisisekelo sengqalasizinda yesimanje. Agcina ngokuphepha konke kusukela emanzini okuphuza kamasipala kanye nomanyolo wezolimo kuya kumakhemikhali kawoyela acwebezelayo kanye noyela ongahluziwe.
Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zamathangi Okugcina Uketshezi
Umklamo, indawo, nobunjiniyela bethangi kuncike ngokuphelele kulokho ekugcinayo kanye nezimo zemvelo okufanele azimelane nazo.
1. Amathangi Okugcina Angaphezu Komhlaba (ASTs)
Lawolwa amathangi ajwayelekile kakhulu ezimbonini. Ngenxa yokuthi ahlezi phezu komhlaba, kulula kakhulu ukuwahlola, ukuwasevisa, nokuwalungisa. Ama-AST asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhluza uwoyela, ezikhungweni zokuhlanza amanzi kamasipala, nasezimbonini zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.
2. Amathangi Okugcina Angaphansi Komhlaba (ama-UST)
Aklanyelwe ukungcwatshwa ngaphansi komhlaba, ama-UST avame ukusetshenziselwa ukugcina uphethiloli eziteshini zikaphethiloli noma uwoyela wokushisisa wezentengiselwano. Ngokuwabeka ngaphansi komhlaba, izikhungo zonga indawo ezingaphezulu futhi zinciphise ubungozi bomlilo noma ukuqhuma, nakuba zidinga izinhlelo eziqinile zokuqapha ukuvuza ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa komhlabathi.
Izinga Lokuklanywa: Imithetho Yokwakha
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha, ubuqotho besakhiwo, nokuvinjelwa kokuvuza okuyinhlekelele, amathangi okugcina uketshezi kumele alandele imithetho eqinile yomhlaba wonke yobunjiniyela.
Izinga | Isilinganiso Somfutho | Into Eyisisekelo | Izinto Ezijwayelekile Ezisetshenziswayo |
I-API 650 | Atmospheric (Low) | Welded Steel | Uwoyela ongahluziwe, uphethiloli ocwengisiwe, amakhemikhali, amanzi |
API 620 | Phansi ukuya Phakathi (Kufika ku-15 psig) | Insimbi Eshiselwe | Imikhiqizo efrijiwe, igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi (LNG) |
AWWA D103 | Emkhathini | Insimbi Eboshelwe / GFS | Amanzi okuphuza omasipala, amanzi angcolile, ukuvikelwa komlilo |
UL-142 | Umfutho Ophansi | Insimbi | Amafutha avuthayo angaphezu komhlaba nawokubasa |
Ukuqonda okubalulekile: Uma ugcina uketshezi olujwayelekile emkhathini, i-API 650 iyindinganiso yegolide eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Oketshezini olunomfutho ophezulu noma olupholile, i-API 620 iyadingeka.
Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Ekwakhiweni Kwamathangi
● Insimbi yeCarbon: Ukukhetha okuvame kakhulu ekugcinweni kukawoyela namakhemikhali amakhulu ngenxa yokulinganisela kwayo okuthembekile kwamandla, ukusebenza kalula, nokonga izindleko.
● Insimbi Engagqwali: Ibalulekile kumakhemikhali abolayo kakhulu noma imikhiqizo yezinga lokudla lapho ukungcola nokonakala kwensimbi kuyizingozi ezinkulu.
● I-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS): Ivamise ukusetshenziswa emathangeni ahlanganiswe ngamabhawodi, le nto ihlanganisa amandla esakhiwo sensimbi nokumelana namakhemikhali nokugqwala kwengilazi, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu emanzini angcolile asebenza kakhulu.
● I-Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP): Ilula futhi imelana kakhulu nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukugcina amakhemikhali amancane ezimbonini noma ukugcina amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Uyini umgoqo wesibili, futhi kungani udingeka?
Umgoqo wesibili usebenza njengohlelo lokusekela olungaphumeleli—njengodonga lukakhonkolo, umgodi wokugcina, noma isakhiwo sethangi elinezindonga eziphindwe kabili—oklanyelwe ukubamba uketshezi uma ithangi eliyinhloko livuza noma liqhuma. Imithetho eqinile kahulumeni neyezemvelo iyala ukuthi kube nomgoqo wesibili ukuvimbela ukuchitheka okunobuthi ukuba kungafinyelela emhlabathini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
Ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ithangi lokugcina uketshezi?
Ithangi lensimbi elinakekelwe kahle elakhiwe ngokwezindinganiso ze-API 650 noma ze-AWWA lingahlala iminyaka engu-30 kuye kwengu-40—futhi ngokuvamile lihlale isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukuphila kwethangi ngempela kuncike kakhulu ekugqwaleni koketshezi olugciniwe, ikhwalithi yezinto zokuvikela ezingaphakathi, kanye nokugcina ngokuqinile izinhlelo zokuhlola nokunakekela ezijwayelekile.
Amathangi amakhulu ezimboni athuthwa kanjani ayiswe endaweni?
Amathangi amaningi ezimboni angaphezu kwama-50,000 amagalani makhulu kakhulu ukuthi angathuthwa ehlanganisiwe emgwaqweni omkhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, ahlanganiswa endaweni. Amapuleti ensimbi athunyelwa eyisicaba endaweni yokufakwa futhi ahlanganiswe ngokushisela noma ngamabhawudi umkhakha ngomkhakha (indandatho ngendandatho) phezu kwesisekelo sikakhonkolo esilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile.
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