Ithangi Lokugcina Lokupholisa Ngoketshezi Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ukuxhumana Kwe-CDU Nokuzinza Kokugeleza
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Ithangi Lokugcina Lokupholisa Ngoketshezi Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ukuxhumana Kwe-CDU Nokuzinza Kokugeleza
Ithangi lokugcina lokuhlanza ngamanzi elibandayo lesikhungo sedatha lihlala kusekethe ye-coolant phakathi kweyunithi yokusabalalisa ukupholisa (CDU) kanye nama-cold plates asezingeni lamarack noma ama-coil omnyango wangemuva, okuhlukanisa amalophu ayisisekelo nalawo esibili ukuze ukuqala kwamaphampu, ukushintsha kwama-valve kanye nezinyathelo zomthwalo kungahumusheli ekushayweni komoya noma kwengcindezi emishinini ye-IT. Idonsa ukukhuphuka kwe-coolant, inikeza amandla okushisa kanye ne-hydraulic inertia, futhi yenza bushelelezi ukushintsha lapho i-CDU iwa noma ilophu ihlukaniswa. Ithangi liyisitsha esivaliwe, esivame ukuba ne-glycol, esilinganiswe ngokomthamo welophu nokuziphatha kwesikhashana, esakhiwe ngensimbi engagqwali noma igobolondo lensimbi eliboshiwe eline-lining elibhekiswe ku-AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-ISO 28765 lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lukudinga khona.
Njengoba izikhungo zedatha zidlulela ngalé kokupholisa ngomoya ziya emishini yokupholisa ngoketshezi oluya ngqo ku-chip, ukuzinza kwamanzi kuleyo mishini kuba yinkinga yokuthembeka ngokwayo. Umjikelezo we-cold-plate obona ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi noma ukuwa kokugeleza ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kwepompo noma ukudluliswa kwe-CDU ungadla amandla okupholisa i-rack ngemizuzwana — ngokushesha kunalokho i-IT engakwazi ukunciphisa umthwalo. Ithangi le-buffer iyinertia ethenga isikhathi sohlelo lokulawula. Abahlonzi abayithatha "njengethangi nje elisepayipini" baphuthelwa umsebenzi wayo wangempela: ukuhlukanisa imijikelezo emibili ebingazolwa. Amaphutha yilethi: ithangi elilinganiselwe kuphela ngevolumu, isitsha esivulekile kumjikelezo we-glycol ovaliwe, noma i-lining engakwazi ukubekezelela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okupholisa.
Lo mhlahlandlela usebenza ngethangi lokugcina lokupholisa ngoketshezi lesikhungo sedatha kusukela ekuhlukaniseni umjikelezo kuya ekumunceni ukugcwala kwesikhashana kuya ekulinganiseni nasekukhetheni izinto zokwakha.
Ukuhlukanisa Okuyisisekelo Nesibili Ku-CDU
Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wethangi lokugcina ukuhlukanisa ngokomoya umjikelezo oyisisekelo we-CDU kusukela kumjikelezo wesibili wamaraki, ukuze ngamunye ulawulwe ngokuzimela. Ngaphandle kwalo, ukuphazamiseka kolunye uhlangothi kusakazeka ngqo kolunye.
1. Umjikelezo oyisisekelo (CDU kuya ethangini). I-CDU ihambisa isipholisi sisuka esitshalweni esimaphakathi siye ethangini; ukuziphatha kwepompo yayo kanye nephuzu lokushisa elibekiwe kuhlukanisiwe ohlangothini lwamaraki.
2. Umjikelezo wesibili (ithangi kuya emarakini). Amapompo omjikelezo wamaraki adonsa ethangini futhi abuyela kulo, ukuze izinyathelo zamavalvu ezingeni lamaraki kanye nezinguquko zomthwalo kungaphazamisi i-CDU.
3. Iheda evamile edlula ethangini. Ithangi linikeza umthamo okwabiwe lapho imijikelezo emibili ishintshana ngokugeleza ngaphandle kokushintshana ngokudlula kwengcindezi yesikhashana, iqinisekisa kokubili.
Lokhu kuhlukanisa yikho okwenza i-CDU ikwazi ukukhishwa ku-inthanethi ukuze ilungiswe ngenkathi umjikelezo we-rack uqhubeka udonsa kumthamo ogciniwe — into engenakuguqulwa ekupholiseni okuqhubekayo.
Ukumuncwa kokugqagqana nokushintsha kwesikhashana
Njalo lapho iphampu iqala, ivalvu ivalwa futhi i-loop ihlukaniswa kukhiqiza ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi noma kokugeleza, futhi ithangi le-buffer iyivolumu evumayo elikuthathayo ngaphambi kokuba kufike ku-IT. Ama-coolant loop aqinile; ithangi lengeza ukuthambeka okuntulekayo.
· Ukubusisa kokuqala/ukuma kwephampu. Ithangi lithatha ukukhuphuka kokugeleza ukuze i-rack loop ingaboni ukweqa kwengcindezi okungazelelwe lapho iphampu ye-CDU iyeka noma iqala kabusha.
· Ukudambisa ivalvu nokweqa komthwalo. Ukuguquka kwama-valvu ezingeni le-rack nokweqa komthwalo okungazelelwe kuyabusiswa, kuvinjelwe ukuwa noma ukukhuphuka kokugeleza kwendawo.
· I-thermal inertia. Isisindo se-coolant esigciniwe sidambisa ukweqa kwamazinga okushisa ngesikhathi sezehlakalo zesikhashana, sigcina izinga lokushisa lokuhlinzeka ngaphakathi kwewindi lokubekezelela le-IT ngenkathi izilawuli zisabela.
Uma ivolumu ye-buffer inkulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokugeleza kwesikhashana kwe-loop, isikhathi eside isistimu yokulawula enaso sokuphendula — okuyiyo yonke injongo yethangi.
Umthombo wesikhashana | Lokho okumuncwa yithangi | Umphumela uma lingekho |
Ukuphazamiseka kwepompo ye-CDU | Ukunyuka kokugeleza, isinyathelo sengcindezi | Ukuwa kokuhamba kwe-rack-loop |
Ukushintsha kwe-valve | Ukukhuphuka kwesikhashana kwendawo | Ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi ku-IT |
Isinyathelo somthwalo | Ukuphuma kwezinga lokushisa | Ukwephulwa kwezinga lokushisa lokuhlinzeka |
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-loop | Ukusatshalaliswa kabusha kwevolumu | I-Cavitation / ukudonsa komoya |
I-Chemistry Ye-Coolant: Amanzi, i-EG Ne-PG
Ithangi le-buffer kufanele libekezele i-coolant eliyigcinayo, futhi imijikelezo yoketshezi yesikhungo sedatha isebenza ngamanzi, i-ethylene glycol (EG) noma izingxube ze-propylene glycol (PG) ezinezinto zokuvimbela ukugqwala. I-chemistry iholela ekukhetheni izinto.
· Imijikelezo yamanzi. Ahlanzekile, ngokuvamile asuswa amaminerali; i-lining kufanele imelane nokugqwala okuncane amanzi anamaminerali aphansi angakubangela ensimbi engenalutho.
· Amalophu e-EG/PG glycol. Izingxube ze-glycol ezivimbelwe ukugqwala ukuze zivimbele ukubanda nokulawula izinga lokushisa; umkhumbi kufanele uhambisane nephakethe le-inhibitor futhi ulinganiswe ngokugxilwa kwe-glycol nezinga lokushisa.
· Igobolondo le-stainless noma eline-lining. I-stainless (304/316) yemikhumbi yasefektri, noma i-GFS/EPoxy-lined bolted steel yemithamo emikhulu efakwa ensimini, ne-lining eqinisekiswa ngokumelene nekimistri ye-coolant.
Ithangi iyisitsha esivaliwe, esicindezelwe noma esicindezelwe-kakhulu emiklamweni eminingi, ngakho-ke ubuqotho bayo bokuqukatha kanye nanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokunweba kuyingxenye yencazelo, ehlukile kuthangi elivulekile lokugcina umoya.
Impahla Nokwenziwa
Ithangi lebhafa lakhiwe njengesitsha esivaliwe esinezinto zalo zokwenziwa ezihambisana nesipholisi kanye nengcindezi yomjikelezo. Insimbi ehlanganisiwe eboshiwe neyensimbi engagqwali yizindlela ezimbili.
· I-GFS (ingilazi ehlanganiswe nensimbi). I-enamel eshiselwe ku-820–930 °C inikeza isikhumba sangaphakathi esibushelelezi, esingasebenzi (i-Ra < 0.8 µm, ukunamathela okungaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm²) kanti wonke amaphaneli ahlolwa nge-spark ku-1,500 V DC; ifanele amavolumu amakhulu ebhafa afakwa endaweni lapho kuthandwa khona igobolondo elihlanganisiwe.
· Insimbi engagqwali (304/316). Ikhethwa imikhumbi evaliwe eyenziwe efektri lapho i-stainless epassivated imelana ne-coolant ngaphandle kwe-lining ehlukile.
· I-FBE-lined eboshiwe. I-epoxy lining ebhaliwe (isitayela se-AWWA C550) lapho kudingeka khona izinga le-coating elicacisiwe.
· Inkomba yokwakhiwa. I-AWWA D103-09 yokwakhiwa okuboshiwe kanye ne-ISO 28765 yedizayini ye-vitreous-enamelled lapho uhlelo ludinga khona; izinhlinzeko zengcindezi ye-closed-loop zilandela ingcindezi yedizayini ye-loop.
Ukubhala phansi izinga kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-lining kuvimbela umkhumbi ongahambisani ne-coolant ukuthi ungene emjikelezweni obalulekile womsebenzi.
Impahla | Ukulingana okungcono kakhulu | Ukuqedwa kwangaphakathi | Inkomba yokwakhiwa |
I-GFS eboshiwe | Isibambi esikhulu esakhiwe endaweni | I-Enamel, Ra < 0.8 µm | ISO 28765, AWWA D103-09 |
Insimbi engagqwali 304/316 | Isitsha esivaliwe sasefekthri | Insimbi eqinisiwe engagqwali | Isitifiketi sempahla |
I-FBE eboshiwe | Documented lining grade | Epoxy lining | AWWA C550, D103-09 |
Ukulinganisa Umthamo Womjikelezo Nesidingo Sesikhashana
Ithangi lokugcina lilinganiswa ngokusuka kumthamo womjikelezo okufanele liqinisekise kanye nesikhathi sesikhashana izilawuli ezisidingayo, hhayi ngomthetho wephesenti ojwayelekile. Okokufaka okuthathu kusetha umthamo.
4. Umthamo wokugcina womjikelezo. Umthamo we-coolant othwalwa umjikelezo wesibili, okufanele isigcini sengezelele kuwo ukuze izikhathi zesikhashana zibe nomthamo ovumelanayo wokusebenza ngawo.
5. Isikhathi sokusabela sesikhashana. Imizuzwana noma amaminithi isistimu yokulawula eyidingayo ukuze isabele ekuphazamisekeni kwe-CDU noma ekunyukeni komthwalo, kuguqulwa kube umthamo ogciniwe ekugelezeni komjikelezo.
6. I-flywheel eshisayo. Isisindo se-coolant esidingekayo ukugcina izinga lokushisa lokuhlinzeka ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesimo, lapho ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa kuyisithiyo esibophayo.
Umphumela uwumkhumbi ovaliwe olinganiswe ngokungaguquki kwe-hydraulic kanye ne-thermal yeloop, kubhekiselwa kwingcindezi yokuklama yeloop kanye ne-chemistry ye-coolant.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Ireferensi yebhafa yokupholisa ngoketshezi yesikhungo sedatha ezinikezelwe ayikakabi yingxenye yephothifoliyo elethiwe, ngakho-ke le ndatshana ibhalwe njengomhlahlandlela wobunjiniyela hhayi njengokucaphuna iphrojekthi. Ikhono lenkampani lokuhlinzeka ngemikhumbi emikhulu eboshiwe evaliwe futhi enebhafa likhonjiswa emikhakheni eseduze: izinhlelo zokuvikela umlilo zaphesheya ziye zathumela amathangi e-GFS afinyelela ku-12,261 m³ (India, amathangi ama-3, 2024-06) kanye no-1,666 m³ (Singapore, amathangi ama-2, 2026-01), akhiwe ngamazinga afanayo amathangi aboshiwe ithangi lebhafa lokupholisa ngoketshezi elakhelwe kuwo. Lezo zinkomba zifakazela ukuhlinzekwa kwamathangi aboshiwe anevolumu enkulu kanye ne-QA; zingamaphrojekthi okuvikela umlilo, hhayi ukufakwa kokupholisa ngoketshezi kwesikhungo sedatha, futhi zicashunwa lapha kuphela njengomongo wekhono.
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingama-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550, ISO 28765 ne-NSF/ANSI 61 lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ngomsebenzi we-buffer yokupholisa ngoketshezi, inkampani ihlinzeka ngamathangi e-GFS ne-FBE aboshiwe kanye nemikhumbi ye-stainless enezinhlinzeko ze-loop evaliwe, izinto zokugcoba ezihambisana ne-coolant kanye nemibhalo yokuhlola i-coating/spark ukuze ibuyekezwe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ithangi le-buffer yokupholisa ngoketshezi lenza ini ngempela?
A1: Ihlukanisa umjikelezo oyinhloko we-CDU nomjikelezo wesibili we-rack futhi imunca ukuguquguquka kwe-coolant surge nokugeleza, ngakho ukuqala kwamaphampu, izinyathelo ze-valve kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-CDU akukushaqisi ukupholisa kwe-IT.
Q2: Ingabe iyisitsha esivulekile noma esivaliwe?
A2: Ezinhlelweni eziningi zokupholisa ngoketshezi iyisitsha esivaliwe, esicindezelwe noma esikwazi ukumunca ukuguquguquka kumjikelezo we-coolant, hhayi ithangi elivulekile lomkhathi; ubuqotho bokuqukethwa kanye nezinhlinzeko zokunwetshwa ziyingxenye ye-spec.
Q3: Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhemikhali e-coolant okufanele ibekezele?
A3: Ingxube yamanzi, i-ethylene glycol (EG) kanye ne-propylene glycol (PG) enezinto ezivimbela ukugqwala; i-lining noma izinga le-stainless liqinisekiswa ngokumelene ne-coolant nokugxilwa kwayo.
Q4: Ilinganiswa kanjani?
A4: Kusukela kumthamo wokugcina wamalophu, isikhathi sokusabela kwesikhashana okudingwa izilawuli (ngokugeleza kwamalophu), nanoma iyiphi i-thermal flywheel edingekayo — hhayi umthetho ojwayelekile wephesenti.
Umbuzo 5: Kungani i-GFS noma insimbi engagqwali?
Impendulo 5: I-enamel ye-GFS (i-Ra < 0.8 µm, ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ku-1,500 V DC) ifanele amavolumu amakhulu aboshiwe ahlanganisiwe; insimbi engagqwali (304/316) ifanele izitsha ezivaliwe zasefektri ezimelana nesipholisi ngaphandle kwesembozo esihlukile.
Umbuzo 6: Yimiphi imigomo esebenzayo?
A6: I-AWWA D103-09 yokwakhiwa okuboshiwe kanye ne-ISO 28765 yedizayini ye-vitreous-enamelled lapho kudingeka khona; izinhlinzeko zengcindezi ye-closed-loop zilandela ingcindezi yedizayini ye-loop.
Q7: Ingabe ithangi elilodwa lingasebenza kuma-loop womabili ngqo?
A7: Ithangi iyivolumu evamile lapho ama-loop ashintshana khona ngokugeleza, kodwa iwagcina ehlukene ngokwe-hydraulic; amaphampu e-loop ngayinye adonsa futhi abuyela ku-buffer kunokuba axhumane ngokuqinile kwelinye.
Ithangi lokugcina lokuhlanza ngamanzi elipholisayo ledatha isikhungo i-inertia ye-hydraulic ne-thermal evumela i-CDU kanye ne-rack loop ukuthi zihlanganyele ngaphandle kokulwa. Hlukanisa ama-loop ayisisekelo nasesekondari ngokusebenzisa umthamo ogciniwe, munca ukukhuphuka nokushintshashintsha kwesikhashana ngaphambi kokuba kufike ku-IT, khetha igobolondo lensimbi engagqwali noma elihlanganisiwe elihambisana ne-coolant, futhi linganisa isitsha ngokomthamo we-loop nesikhathi sokuphendula esikhundleni somthetho wesandla. Ngale ndlela, ukupholisa ngamanzi kuthola umkhawulo wokuzinza owenza ukupholisa okuqondile ku-chip kuphephe ngobukhulu.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Ngemthombo wokubamba wokupholisa uketshezi wesikhungo sedatha, sithumele ukuhamba kwama-loop e-CDU primary kanye ne-rack secondary, ukwakheka kwekhemikhali yokupholisa (amanzi/EG/PG nokugxila), ingcindezi yokuklama ye-loop, kanye nesikhathi sokusabela kwesikhashana osidingayo. Sizobuyisela ukuhlelwa kokuhlukanisa, incazelo ye-GFS ehambisana nokupholisa, i-FBE noma incazelo yethangi lensimbi engagqwali enezinhlinzeko zokuvalwa kwe-loop, kanye nocwaningo lokulinganisa olubhekiswe ku-AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-ISO 28765 nemibhalo yokuqinisekisa ukumbozwa nokuhlolwa kwenhlansi.
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