I-Silo Yokugcina Yezimboni Ye-Simende, I-Fly Ash, Ama-Aggregates Nezimpushana Zama-Mineral
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Isilo Sokugcina Sezimboni Sikasimende, Umlotha Wasezindizeni, Izinto Ezihlanganisiwe Nezimpushana Zamaminerali
I-silo yokugcina yezimboni yekhamela, i-fly ash, ama-aggregate kanye neziyingi zamaminerali ikhethwa ngezakhiwo zokugeleza kwezinto eziqinile eziningi — i-engeli yokuphumula, ukungqubuzana kodonga, ukuhuzula kanye nokuzwela komswakama — hhayi ngelebula elijwayelekile elithi "silo yempuphu", ngoba isilo esigeleza ukhamela sizobhulasha ama-aggregate futhi sidliwe i-ore concentrate. Iziyingi ezinhle ezixhumene zidinga ama-cone okukhipha umoya kanye nezindawo zokuphefumula ezihlungiwe; ama-aggregate agelezayo adinga ama-hopper anomthambeka, amelana nokuhuzula kanye nokubuyiselwa komthamo ophezulu; ama-mineral concentrate adinga izindwangu ezivaliwe, ezimelana nokugqwala zemisebenzi ene-asidi. Isilo esifanele sihambisana nohlobo, indwangu kanye nokukhipha nento, bese sithwala isakhiwo esisekelweni esihlolwe ngokomoya wendawo kanye nesisekelo sokuzamazama komhlaba.
"IPhawuda lesilo" lihlanganisa izinto ezingacishe zifane ngaphandle kokuba ziyizinhlayiyana. Usimende uyagcwala futhi wakhe amabhuloho; umlotha wendiza ulula futhi udonsa umoya; ama-aggregate akhulu futhi ayahlikihla; ama-mineral concentrates mancane, aminyene futhi avame ukuhlasela ngamakhemikhali. Idizayini eyodwa yesilo ayikwazi ukusebenzela zonke lezi zine, futhi umthengi ocacisa ibhinithi elilodwa elijwayelekile uthola into eyodwa egelezayo kanye nezintathu ezivalekayo, ezihlikihlayo noma ezibolayo. Le ndatshana inikeza indlela yokukhetha ebeka into phambili yamasilo okugcina ezimbonini kuyo yonke imikhakha kusimende, umlotha wendiza, ama-aggregate kanye neziphawuda zamaminerali.
Izici Zokugeleza Kwezinto Zinquma Uhlobo Lwesilo, Hhayi Okunye Ngokuphambene
I-engeli yokuphumula, ukungqubuzana kodonga nokuhlangana kwento eyisibopho kubeka ukuthi isilo sisebenza ngokugeleza okukhulu noma ngamafaneli, futhi lezo zimo zokugeleza zinquma i-engeli ye-hopper, ukufakwa kanye nemishini yokukhipha. Ziba nokungazinaki izici bese isilo siba nemigodi noma ama-arches.
· I-engeli yokuphumula nokungqubuzana kodonga. Ama-hopper aqinile, anokungqubuzana okuphansi akhuthaza ukugeleza okukhulu; ama-hopper angajulile ayafanela futhi ashiye izindawo ezingasasebenzi.
· Ukuhlangana kanye nomswakama. Izimpushana ezimanzi ezinhle zakha amakhothamo azinzile; ukungenisa umoya noma ukushisa kuyadingeka ukuze ziqhubeke zihamba.
· Ukuhuzula. Izinto eziqinile zamaminerali zisika udonga ku-cone; i-wear liner icacisiwe lapho, hhayi kulo lonke igobolondo.
Ukuhlolwa kwesici sokugeleza (noma okulingana nakho okubhaliwe) kuwukufakwa kokuqala; i-geometry ye-silo ilandela kukho.
Fanisa I-Silo Nomndeni Wezinto
Usimende, umlotha wendiza, ama-aggregate kanye nama-mineral concentrates ngakunye kudonsela idizayini endaweni ehlukile ye-silo, i-lining kanye nohlelo lokukhipha, ngakho-ke ithebula lokukhetha liwumgogodla we-spec. Ithebula elilodwa lixazulula umehluko womndeni.
Impahla | Ukuziphatha kokugeleza | I-Hopper | Ukufakwa / ukuqedwa | Ukukhipha |
Usimende | Kuhle, kuhlangene | Ikhoni eliqinile lokugeleza | Kubushelelezi/kuhlanzekile | I-valve ejikelezayo + ukungenisa umoya |
Umlotha wendiza | Okucolekile, okungenisa umoya | Ikhoni ejulile yokugeleza | Kucwebezelile, kuvaliwe | I-valve ejikelezayo + ukungenisa umoya |
Ama-aggregates | Ama-coarse, mahhala | Ama-steep, amelana nokuguguleka | I-wear liner ekhoneni | Isango + ibhande/isiphakeli |
Impushana yamaminerali | Ama-fine, aminyene, ane-asidi | I-cone ewukuthi, ivaliwe | Imelana nokugqwala (GFS/liner) | I-valve + i-conveyor evaliwe |
Ithebula likhombisa ukuthi kungani "isilo lempushu" lalingeke libe umkhiqizo owodwa: i-cone, i-lining kanye nokuphuma kuyahlukana ngomndeni.
I-Lining Nokuqedwa Kwangaphakathi Kuyamelana Nokuguguleka Nokugqwala
Ama-aggregate kanye nama-mineral concentrates abhubhisa udonga olungavikelwe endaweni ye-cone enesivinini esiphezulu, kuyilapho ama-concentrate ane-asidi ehlasela insimbi, ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa kwangaphakathi kuhambisana nosongo — i-abrasion liner, i-enamel noma i-coating. Impahla yegobolondo iyodwa ayiyona impendulo.
· I-abrasion liner. Amathuluzi okugqoka angashintshwa noma i-castable ku-hopper nase-inlet lapho isivinini nomthelela kuphezulu khona; ama-aggregates nama-concentrates ayidinga kakhulu.
· I-GFS enamel. I-vitreous enamel evuthwa ku-820–930 °C inikeza isikhumba esibushelelezi, esingasebenzi (Ra < 0.8 µm, ukunamathela > 3,450 N/cm², ihlolwe nge-spark ye-1,500 V DC) emelana nokupakisha nokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali emsebenzini wamaminerali nomlotha wendiza.
· I-Epoxy / i-galvanized. Insimbi ehlanganisiwe noma egalvanized yezimpushana ezingenalo ubudlova lapho izindleko namakhemikhali zivuma khona.
I-lining iyinto yokugqoka nokugqwala enohlelo lokuvuselela, hhayi into ehlala njalo ngemva kokufakwa; i-silo eboshiwe ivumela ukuthi amakhozi ashintshwe ngephaneli ngephaneli.
I-Discharge And Reclaim Equipment By Material
Imishini yokukhipha ikhethwa ngokugeleza nangokwenqubo elandelayo — amavalvu okulinganisa wempushana, amasango nezihambisi zezihlwa, izihambisi ezivalekile zama-concentrate anothuli noma ane-asidi. Indawo yokuphuma yilapho isitoreji sihlangana khona nesitshalo.
· Ivalvu ejikelezayo / isikrufu. Ukukhipha okulinganiselwe, okungangeni nothuli kusimende nomlotha wendiza oya kubatcher noma emugqeni we-pneumatic.
· Isihambisi esidlikizayo / isango. Ukudonsa okulawulwayo kwezihlwa okuya ebhandeni noma ku-bucket elevator.
· Ukuhambisa okuvalekile. Ama-concentrate amaminerali ahamba emigqeni evaliwe yesikrufu noma ye-pneumatic ukuze kulawulwe uthuli nokuchayeka.
· Ukungenisa umoya kanye nenganono yomoya. Gcina izimpushana ezinamathelayo zihamba futhi wephule amabhuloho endawo ngaphandle kokungena ngesandla.
Ukukhetha indawo yokuphuma ngokuhambisana nempahla kuvimbela ukwehluleka okuvamile "isiloji egcwele, isitshalo esingenalutho".
Isitoreji Esivalekile, Uthuli Nokuhlolwa Kwesakhiwo
Ukugcinwa kwempuphu yezimboni kufanele kulawule uthuli lapho kugcwaliswa futhi kukhishwa futhi kume njengombhoshongo omncane ngaphansi komoya nokuzamazama komhlaba, ngakho-ke igobolondo elivaliwe, isiphephetha somoya kanye nesisekelo kucaciswa njengephakethe elilodwa elilawulwayo. Izimpuphu zikhipha ukukhanya futhi zikhanya phezulu uma zingenalutho.
· Ukuvala nokukhipha umoya. Isihlungi somoya esihlungiwe kanye namajoyinti amabhawodi avaliwe kuhlangabezana nemikhawulo yokukhipha; ukuqapha kwezinga nengcindezi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza.
· Umoya (ASCE 7 / EN 1991-1-4) nokuzamazama komhlaba (ASCE 7 / EN 1998-4). Izimo ezingenalutho nezigcwele ziyahlolwa; ama-ankha kanye ne-ring beam kuthwala ukuphakama nokusika.
· Isisekelo. I-ring beam noma i-raft yokuma mpo, ukugingqika kanye nomthwalo wokuphakama; ukuthwala kwenhlabathi kusetha isimo.
Umkhiqizi uhlanganisa ukufakwa kwezinto, ukukhipha nokwakheka ukuze isilo sibe siphephile, sihlanzekile futhi sisebenziseke.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Irekhodi elizinikeziwe le-silo yempuphu yezimboni elizinikezelwe kusimende, i-fly ash, ama-aggregates kanye neziyingi zamaminerali alikakabi yingxenye yephothifoliyo elethiwe, ngakho-ke le ndatshana ibhalwe njengomhlahlandlela wobunjiniyela hhayi njengokucaphuna iphrojekthi. Ikhono lenkampani lokuhlinzeka ngamasilo empuphu aboshiwe likhonjiswa ngamaphrogremu amathangi aboshiwe alethiwe njenge-India GFS fire-protection reservoir (amathangi angu-3, 12,261 m³, 2024-06) kanye ne-Singapore GFS installation (amathangi angu-2, 1,666 m³, 2026-01), akhiwe ngamazinga afanayo amathangi aboshiwe. Lezo ziyizikhombo zokuvikela umlilo ezicashunwe njengomongo wekhono kuphela, hhayi njengokufakwa kwamasilo empuphu.
Ikhono Lobunjiniye Bokugqamisa Isikhungo
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-ISO 28765, EN 1090, ASCE 7, EN 1991-1-4 kanye ne-EN 1998-4 lapho ukusetshenziswa kudinga khona.
Ekugcinweni kwempushana yezimboni, inkampani ihlinzeka ngama-silo ensimbi aboshiwe kanye ne-GFS anama-hopper ahambisana nezinto, izinto zokugqoka zokuhuzula/ukugqwala, ukungenisa umoya kanye nezixhumanisi zokukhipha, izinhlinzeko zokuhlunga komoya kanye nephakethe, isiqinisi kanye nenqwaba ye-anchor ehambisana nesisekelo somthetho wephrojekthi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe uhlobo olulodwa lwe-silo lungagcina zonke izinto ezine?
A1: Akukuhle ngokuphelele. Usimende nomlotha wendiza kudinga izigaxa zokugeleza nokuphefumula okuhlungiwe; ama-aggregate kudinga ama-hopper angajulile amelana nokuhuzuka; ama-mineral concentrates kudinga izindwangu zangaphakathi ezivaliwe ezingagqwali. Ibhini ejwayelekile isiza okukodwa futhi yephula okunye.
Q2: Kungani ama-aggregate edinga i-wear liner?
A2: Izinto eziqinile eziqinile zihlikihla udonga endaweni yekhoni enesivinini esiphezulu kanye nomnyango wokungena; i-liner eshintshwayo lapho ivikela igobolondo futhi ivuselelwa ngaphandle kokushintsha yonke i-silo.
Q3: Ingabe i-enamel ye-GFS ifanelekile kwimpuphu yamaminerali?
A3: Yebo kuma-concentrate amaningi — i-enamel evuthiwe (Ra < 0.8 µm, > 3,450 N/cm² ukunamathela, ihlolwe nge-spark) icwebezelile futhi imelana namakhemikhali; umsebenzi onamandla we-asidi uqinisekiswa yidatha ebhaliwe yokumelana namakhemikhali ye-enamel.
Q4: Ukunqanda kanjani ukuxhumana?
A4: Ngokulinganisa i-engeli ye-hopper ne-engeli yokuphumula kwempahla kanye nokungqubuzana kodonga, kanye nama-aeration pads noma ama-air cannons eziyingxubevange ezibumbene; ukukhishwa kukalwa, akulahlwa.
Q5: Yimiphi imigomo elawula isakhiwo?
A5: Umoya ku-ASCE 7 / EN 1991-1-4 kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba ku-ASCE 7 / EN 1998-4, kuhlolwe amacala angenalutho kanye nokugcwele; isisekelo sithwala umthwalo oqondile, wokugingqika kanye nowokuphakama.
Q6: Ukukhishwa kothuli kulawulwa kanjani?
A6: I-filter vent elinganiselwe endaweni yokuphefumula, amajoyinti amabhawudi avaliwe kanye nokuqapha kwezinga/ingcindezi kugcina ukugcwaliswa nokukhishwa kungaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokukhishwa.
Q7: Yini umhlinzeki ayiletha ngaphezu kwegobolondo?
A7: I-hopper ehambisana nempahla, i-lining, i-aeration kanye ne-discharge interface, i-filter vent kanye nephakethe elihlanganisiwe le-stiffener/anchor lesisekelo somgomo ocacisiwe.
I-silo yokugcina yezimboni yekamela, umlotha wendiza, ama-aggregates kanye neziyingi zamaminerali ikhethwa ngokwento yokuqala: linganisa izakhiwo zokugeleza, bese ufanisa i-engeli ye-hopper, i-lining kanye nokukhipha nokuthile okuqinile okukhulu ukuze kugeleze esikhundleni sokubhuloga, ukuguga noma ukugqwala. Vala igobolondo futhi ukhiphe uthuli ukuze kuhambisane nomthetho, futhi hlola umbhoshongo omncane womoya nokuzamazama komhlaba njengephakethe elilodwa. Chaza i-silo ngokwento futhi iyagcina, iyakhipha futhi ivikela isitshalo; yichaze ngokujwayelekile futhi ayikwenzi lokho kuthathu.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Kusilo lempushu yezimboni, sithumelele izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukuminyana kwengqimba, i-engeli yokuphumula, ukungqubuzana kodonga, ukuguguleka nokuhlasela kwamakhemikhali, umthamo kanye nenani lamasiilo, umkhawulo wokukhishwa, kanye nendawo yomoya/ukuzamazama komhlaba. Sizobuyisela ukukhethwa kwesilo okuhambisana nezinto, ukwakhiwa kwe-hopper ne-lining, ukuxhumana kokuphuma nokungena komoya, kanye nephakethe lesakhiwo elibhekisela ku-EN 1090 kanye nesisekelo esisebenzayo se-ASCE 7 noma i-EN 1998.
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