Ithangi Lokupholisa Ngokucwiliswa Kwedatha Yesikhungo Sedatha: Ukuklanywa Kwethangi Lesigaba Esisodwa Nezigaba Ezimbili
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Ithangi Lokupholisa Ngokucwiliswa Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ukwakheka Kwethangi Lesigaba Esisodwa Nezigaba Ezimbili
Ithangi lokupholisa ngokucwiliswa lesikhungo sedatha isitsha sokugcina esigcina amaseva ecwiliswe ngokuphelele oketshezini lwe-dielectric, edlulisela ukushisa kwawo ngqo oketshezini esikhundleni somoya. Ekucwiliseni kwesigaba esisodwa uketshezi lumpontshwa luyopholiswa bese lubuyiswa; ekucwiliseni kwezigaba ezimbili uketshezi luyabila esiqongweni somshini kanti umhwamuko ujijeka ubuyela oketshezini ngaphakathi kwethangi. Ithangi liyisitsha esingavuzi, ngokuvamile esenziwe ngokwezifiso okuthi into yaso, ukuvalwa kwaso nokuhambisana kwalo noketshezi kube yikho okulawula umklamo — insimbi engagqwali nemikhumbi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kuvamile, kukhulunywa ngokwakhiwa kwe-ASME lapho umklamo unengcindezi kanye ne-ISO 28765 efanele lapho kucatshangelwa igobolondo eline-vitreous enamel.
Ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngokucwiliswa kushintsha ukususwa kokushisa kusuka ohlangothini lomoya kuya ohlangothini luketshezi ngokucwilisa iseva oketshezini lwe-dielectric olungahambisi ugesi. Ngakho-ke "ithangi" akusiyo indawo yokugcina amanzi kodwa iyisakhiwo esiyinhloko sokushisa nokomshini we-IT uqobo. Uma uthola isitsha esingalungile — umthungo ovuzayo, i-gasket engahambisani, ithangi elingakwazi ukugcina ukuchitheka koketshezi — usuphendule inzuzo yokupholisa yaba ubungozi bokugcina. Izinqumo ezimbili zokwakha, i-single-phase ne-two-phase, zishintsha ingaphakathi lethangi, isimo sengcindezi kanye nezidingo zezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Abahlaziyi kudingeka baqonde kokubili ngaphambi kokukhetha isitsha.
Lo mhlahlandlela usebenza ngethangi lokupholisa ngokucwiliswa lesikhungo sedatha kusukela ekuvalelweni kuya ekuhlukaneni kwesigaba esisodwa/izigaba ezimbili kuya ezintweni zokulawula uketshezi nokuvuza.
Ithangi Njengesiqukathi Soketshezi Lwe-Dielectric
Ithangi lokucwiliswa ngokuyinhloko liyisitsha esivaliwe esiqukethe uketshezi lwe-dielectric namaseva angaphakathi kulo; umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuvalelwa okungavuzi, hhayi ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwesakhiwo. Wonke amalunga, ingilazi yokubuka kanye nezinto zokungena zingaba yizindlela zokuvuza ezingaba khona.
1. Umngcele woketshezi. Udonga lwethangi nesivalo sakhe kwakha isiqukathi esiyinhloko soketshezi lwe-dielectric, okumele lungaphumi liye phansi kwehholo ledatha noma emkhakheni kagesi.
2. Isiqukathi samaseva. Ithangi liphinde libe nendawo ye-IT; ukwakheka kwalo, ukuxhumana kwerakhi kanye nezivalo zokufinyelela ziyingxenye yokwakheka kwesitsha, hhayi into eyengeziwe.
3. Ukuvimbela kwesibili. Ungqimba oludonsayo noma olubophayo ngaphansi noma eduze kwethangi lubamba ukuvuza okuncane ukuze ukwehluleka kwe-silo kube umcimbi wokulungisa, hhayi ukuphazamiseka.
Ngenxa yokuthi uketshezi lubalulekile futhi ihholo lizwela, ubuqotho bokuqukethwe nokusebenziseka kuklanywe kusukela kumdwebo wokuqala.
Ukucwiliswa Kwesigaba Esisodwa Kuqhathaniswa Nezigaba Ezimbili
Umehluko oyisisekelo wedizayini ukuthi uketshezi lwe-dielectric lushintsha isigaba emkhakheni we-chip, futhi lokho kukhetha kubumba kabusha ithangi lonke. Amathangi esigaba esisodwa nawesigaba ezimbili ayimishini ehlukene.
· Ukucwiliswa kwesigaba esisodwa. Uketshezi luhlala luwuketshezi; lumunca ukushisa, lupontshwa luyiswe ku-heat exchanger yangaphandle (ngokuvamile nge-CDU), lupholiswe, bese lubuyiselwa. Ithangi ngokuyisisekelo liyindawo yokugeza engavuzi eline-inlet/outlet manifolds futhi akukho ukubila kwangaphakathi — ingcindezi yangaphakathi ephansi, ukuphathwa komhwamuko okulula.
· Ukucwiliswa kwezigaba ezimbili. Uketshezi lubila engxenyeni eshisayo, umhwamuko ukhuphuka, bese kuthi ikhoyili yokujiya noma indawo engaphakathi ethangini ikubuyisele ekubeni uketshezi. Ithangi kufanele liphathe indawo yomhwamuko, ukujiya, kanye nesimo sengcindezi esingaba ngaphezu komkhathi, ngokuvalwa okuqinile futhi ngokuvamile isitsha esilinganiselwe ingcindezi.
· Ukushintshana. Isigaba esisodwa silula futhi kulula ukusivala; izigaba ezimbili zinokuminyana okuphezulu kokudlulisela ukushisa kodwa isitsha esiyinkimbinkimbi, esiqaphela ingcindezi.
Ukukhetha kuqondisa izinga lezinto, indlela yokuvala kanye nokuthi isitsha sidinga yini ukuhlukaniswa kwesitsha sengcindezi.
Isici | Isigaba esisodwa | Izigaba ezimbili |
Isimo soketshezi | Uketshezi kuphela | Ukubila + ukujiya |
Ingcindezi yangaphakathi | Eduze komkhathi | Kungadlula umkhathi |
Ukuphathwa komhwamuko | Okuncane | Isihlukanisi + indawo yomhwamuko |
Ubunkimbinkimbi bomkhumbi | Phansi | Phezulu, oqaphela ingcindezi |
Ukubanjwa Kokuvuza Nokuhambisana Koketshezi
Uketshezi lwe-dielectric kufanele lubanjwe futhi akufanele konakalise ithangi, ngakho-ke into yomkhumbi, izivalo kanye nanoma yikuphi ukumboza kukhethwa ngokuhambisana koketshezi kanye nokumelana nokuvuza kwesikhathi eside. Uketshezi lwe-immersion luwuketshezi oluklanywe ngobuchwepheshe, hhayi amanzi.
· Igobolondo lensimbi engagqwali. I-304/316 stainless iyinto evamile yomkhumbi wangokwezifiso, engasebenzi noketshezi oluningi lwe-immersion dielectric futhi ekwazi ukwakhiwa okuqondile, okuqinile ngokushisela.
· Izivalo nezinsimbi zokuvimbela. Ama-fluoropolymer noma ama-elastomer akalwa noketshezi ezivalweni nasezindaweni zokungena; ukukhethwa kwesivalo kuqinisekiswa ngokuhambisana noketshezi oluthile ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuza.
· Ama-coating lapho asetshenziswa khona. Uma kusetshenziswa noma yikuphi ukumboza kwangaphakathi, kufanele kuhambisane noketshezi futhi kungangcolisi i-dielectric; i-ISO 28765 vitreous enamel ingase ibe nokubaluleka lapho kucatshangelwa igobolondo elinombhoshongo, kodwa ukuhambisana noketshezi yikho okulawulayo.
· Isendlalelo nokutholwa kokuvuza. Isendlalelo sesibili sokuvimbela nokuzwa kokuvuza kuguqula ukuvuza okuncane kube isixwayiso sokuqala.
Ukuhambisana noketshezi kuqinisekiswa, akucatshangwa, ngoba isivalo esisebenzayo noma i-coating ingangcolisa i-dielectric namaseva ewavikelayo.
Indlela Yezinto Zokwakha Nokwakhiwa
Amathangi okucwiliswa ngokujwayelekile ayimikhumbi eyakhiwe ngokwezifiso, futhi indlela yokwakha ilandela umthetho wengcindezi kanye nezidingo zoketshezi. I-stainless iyona ebusa; ukwakhiwa okulinganiselwe ingcindezi kuyabhekiswa lapho umklamo ukudinga.
· Ukwakhiwa ngokwezifiso kwe-stainless. Imikhumbi ye-304/316 e-passivated enemithungo ewelded, engavuzi; okuyisisekelo kuzo zombili izingxenye zesigaba esisodwa nezigaba ezimbili lapho ingcindezi incane.
· Ukwakhiwa okulinganiselwe kwe-ASME. Lapho isikhala somhwamuko wezigaba ezimbili noma ukuklanywa kwesistimu kubeka isitsha ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Isigaba VIII) ukuze igobolondo, isivalo nokukhululeka kuhlukaniswe kahle.
· Ukuhlobana kwe-ISO 28765. Lapho igobolondo le-vitreous-enamelled (GFS) licatshangelwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo olunendwangu, izinga lokuklanywa kwesitsha esine-enamel liyasebenza; umsebenzi wokucwiliswa uvame ukusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali, kodwa izinga liyatholakala lapho kufanele khona.
· Ukufinyelela nesevisi. Izembozo, izindawo zokuphakamisa kanye nezinhlinzeko zokukhipha amanzi zivumela ukuthi amaseva afakwe, akhishwe futhi uketshezi lushintshwe ngaphandle kokwephula isiqukathi.
Ukubhala phansi izinga lokwenziwa kanye nokuqinisekiswa koketshezi kuvimbela umkhumbi obonakala ulungile kodwa ongakwazi ukuhlukaniswa noma ukunakekelwa.
Impahla / umzila | Ukulingana okungcono kakhulu | Inkomba ejwayelekile |
I-Stainless 304/316 | Umkhumbi wangokwezifiso wesigaba esisodwa/kwezigaba ezimbili | Isitifiketi sempahla, i-weld QA |
Umkhumbi olinganiswe nge-ASME | Idizayini yengcindezi yezigaba ezimbili | I-ASME BPVC Isigaba VIII |
Ukuhluka okufakwe i-GFS | Lapho kwacatshangelwa igobolondo elifakwe i-lining | ISO 28765 |
Ukucatshangelwa Kosayizi Nokuhlelwa
Ithangi lokucwiliswa lilinganiswa ngomthwalo weseva okufanele liwucwilise kanye nomthamo woketshezi odingekayo wamandla okushisa kanye nokumboza izingxenye, hhayi ngomqondo wokugcina amanzi. Imibono emibili iyabusa.
4. Isakhiwo seseva neshelufu. Ukuhlelwa kwangaphakathi kwethangi kulandela isimo se-IT; umthamo usetwa ukuthi mangaki amabhodi okufanele acwiliswe kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwawo ukuze kugeleze.
5. Ukubalwa koketshezi. I-dielectric eyanele yokumboza izingxenye ngomkhawulo, ukunikeza amandla okushisa, futhi (isigaba esisodwa) ukondla umjikelezo wangaphandle ngaphandle kwe-cavitation.
6. Ukuxhumana kokushintshana kokushisa. Isigaba esisodwa sidinga isikhala se-manifold sokugeleza okupompiwe; izigaba ezimbili zidinga isikhala somhwamuko nendawo ye-condenser elinganiswe ngezinga lokubila.
Ngakho-ke umkhumbi uyisivalo esihlanganiswe ne-IT kuqala futhi uyithangi okwesibili, futhi ukucaciswa kwawo kubhalwa nomthengisi weseva, hhayi ngokwahlukana.
Icala Lomsebenzi
Isithenjwa esizinikezelwe sedatha yesikhungo sokucwilisa ngokujulile asikakabi yingxenye yephothifoliyo elethiwe, ngakho-ke le ndatshana ibhalwe njengomhlahlandlela wobunjiniyela hhayi njengesicaphuno sephrojekthi. Ikhono lenkampani lokuhlinzeka ngemikhumbi yokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kanye nemikhumbi enezindwangu zokugqoka likhonjiswa emikhakheni eseduze: izinhlelo zokuvikela umlilo zaphesheya ziye zathumela amathangi e-GFS afinyelela ku-12,261 m³ (e-India, amathangi ama-3, 2024-06) kanye no-1,666 m³ (e-Singapore, amathangi ama-2, 2026-01), akhiwe ngokwamazinga afanayo amathangi aboshiwe umqondo wokuqukatha wethangi lokucwilisa ngokujulile ahlobene nawo. Lezo zinkomba zifakazela ukuhlinzekwa kwemikhumbi yomthamo omkhulu kanye ne-QA; zingamaphrojekthi okuvikela umlilo, hhayi ukufakwa kokucwilisa kwedatha yesikhungo, futhi zicashunwa lapha kuphela njengomongo wekhono.
Ikhono Lobunjini le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) usekhela futhi wakha amathangi okugcina ancikisiwe kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe nge-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-ASME, i-ISO 28765 ne-AWWA D103-09 lapho isicelo sidinga khona.
Ngokokufaka kokucwilisa ngaphakathi, inkampani ihlinzeka ngemikhumbi yensimbi engagqwali kanye neqondisiwe enokwenziwa okungavuzi, izimpawu ezihambisana noketshezi kanye nokugcinwa kwesibili, futhi ihlinzeka ngemibhalo yezinto zokwakha kanye nokwenziwa ukuze ibuyekezwe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi lokucwilisa liyithangi lamanzi?
Impendulo 1: Cha. Umkhumbi ovaliwe oqukethe uketshezi lwe-dielectric namaseva acwiliswe kuwo; umsebenzi wawo ukugcina okungavuzi nokudlulisela ukushisa, hhayi ukugcina amanzi.
Umbuzo 2: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesigaba esisodwa nesigaba ezimbili?
Impendulo 2: Isigaba esisodwa sigcina uketshezi luwuketshezi futhi silupompa siye esipholisini sangaphandle; isigaba ezimbili sivumela ukuthi libile ku-chip bese liphinde lijiyeke ngaphakathi ethangini, okudinga ukuphathwa komhwamuko futhi ngokuvamile umkhumbi oqaphela ingcindezi.
Umbuzo 3: Ithangi lenziwe ngamuphi umuthi?
A3: Ngokuvamile insimbi engagqwali (304/316) eyakhiwe ngokwezifiso ukuze ibambe ngaphandle kokuvuza; ukwakhiwa okulinganiselwe kwe-ASME kuyabhekiswa lapho umklamo unengcindezi, futhi uhlobo olune-GFS lungasebenzisa i-ISO 28765 lapho kufanelekhona.
Q4: Kungani ukuhambisana koketshezi kubalulekile?
A4: Uketshezi lwe-dielectric akufanele konakalise izivalo, ama-gasket noma noma yikuphi ukumboza; isivalo esingahambisani singavuvukala noma sinciphise futhi singcolise uketshezi namaseva, ngakho-ke ukuhambisana kuqinisekiswa, akucatshangwa.
Q5: Ingcuphe yokuvuza ilawulwa kanjani?
A5: Ngokwakhiwa kwensimbi engagxili ngokushisela, izivalo ezikalwa noketshezi, isendlalelo sesibili sokuvimbela nokutholwa kokuvuza, ukuze ukuvuza okuncane kube isixwayiso sokuqala esikhundleni sokuchitheka phansi ehholo.
Q6: Ingabe i-two-phase immersion icindezelwa?
A6: Ingasebenza ngaphezu komkhathi ngenxa yesikhala somhwamuko nokubila, ngakho umkhumbi nokukhululeka kwawo kuvame ukuhlukaniswa nge-ASME lapho umthetho wengcindezi ukudinga.
Q7: Ilinganiswa kanjani ithangi lokucwiliswa?
A7: Ngejometri yesiphakeli/irack okufanele icwiliswe, isitoko soketshezi lwe-dielectric ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukumboza namandla okushisa, kanye nokuxhumana kokushintshana kokushisa (ama-manifold esigaba esisodwa, isikhala somhwamuko kanye ne-condenser yezigaba ezimbili).
Ithangi lokupholisa ngokucwiliswa ledatha isikhungo idatha isitsha sokugcina uketshezi lwe-dielectric olwenza ukupholisa ngoketshezi okuqondile kwenzeke, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kuncike ekuhlukaneni kwesigaba esisodwa nesigaba ezimbili. Khetha ukwenziwa kwangokwezifiso kwensimbi engagqwali ukuze kugcinwe ngaphandle kokuvuza, qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izivalo nezinto zokumboza zihambisana noketshezi lwe-dielectric, engeza isitsha sesibili sokugcina nokutholwa kokuvuza, futhi bhekisela ku-ASME noma i-ISO 28765 lapho isimo sengcindezi noma uhlobo olunomugqa kudinga khona. Kucaciswe ngaleyo ndlela, ithangi liyisigcina esithembekile se-IT kunokuba kube yinkinga efihliwe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Ngesitsha sokupholisa ngokucwiliswa sedatha yesikhungo, sithumelele ijiyometri yeseva/rack okufanele icwiliswe, incazelo yoketshezi lwe-dielectric, ukuthi uhlela isigaba esisodwa noma izigaba ezimbili, nanoma yiziphi izidingo zengcindezi noma zokukhululeka. Sizobuyisela incazelo yesitsha sensimbi engagqwali noma esinendwangu enezimpawu ezihambisana noketshezi nokugcinwa kwesibili, ucwaningo lokulinganisa lwempahla yoketshezi nokuxhumana kokushintshana kokushisa, kanye nemibhalo yokwakhiwa ebhekiselwe ku-ASME ne-ISO 28765 njengoba kudingeka.
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