Indlela Yokuhlola Umshicileli Nomhlinzeki Wethangi Lamanzi Omlilo
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Indlela Yokuhlola Umkhiqizi Nomhlinzeki Wethangi Lamanzi Omlilo
Fakazisa umhlinzeki wethangi lamanzi omlilo ngezincwadi, hhayi ngeziqinisekiso. I-NFPA 22 iyindinganiso hhayi imvume yomkhiqizo, ngakho umbuzo awukaze ube wukuthi umhlinzeki ugunyaziwe yini kodwa ukuthi yikuphi ukubala, yikuphi irekhodi lokugcoba nokuthi yikuphi ukuthunyelwa abangakubonisa kona. Yenza lowo msebenzi ngaphambi kwengxoxo yentengo, futhi izilinganiso zibe seziqhathaniseka.
Ithangi lamanzi omlilo lithengwa ngabantu abangewona ochwepheshe bamathangi futhi lithengiswa ngabantu abayizochwepheshe. Leyo asymmetry yilapho ingozi ihlezi khona. Umhlinzeki uyazi kahle ukuthi inqubo yakhe ingenzeni, futhi umthengi uqhathanisa izilinganiso ezichaza amathangi ahlukene anemisebenzi ehlukene nobufakazi obuhlukene obusekela wona.
Indlela yokuphuma iwukufaneleka ngemibhalo ngaphambi kokuba intengo ingene engxoxweni. Umkhiqizi okhiqiza izibalo zokuklama ze-NFPA 22, amarekhodi e-coating anokulandeleka kwezinga lephaneli, ukuklama kwesakhiwo ngokuvumelana nedatha yangempela yomthwalo yesiza kanye nomlando wokuthunyelwa kwesiphathimandla esizobuyekeza iphrojekthi angahlolwa ngobufakazi. Lowo ongenakho akakashiywa ngaphandle, kodwa izilinganiso zakhe kufanele zithathwe njengezinto ezinikezwayo esikhundleni sethangi obulicelile.
Okufanele ukubuze ngaphambi kwengxoxo yentengo
Imibuzo okufanele ibe ngaphambi kwengxoxo yentengo yileyo enquma ukuthi ingabe isilinganiso sentengo singaqhathaniswa nomunye yini. Kukhona emihlanu. Ukuthi umhlinzeki uklama ngaluphi uhlelo lokugcina imibhalo kanye naluphi uhlobo lwethangi. Ukuthi bakhiqiza ngokwabo yini umklamo wesakhiwo noma bayawuthenga. Ukuthi iyiphi inqubo yabo yokumboza nokuthi iqinisekiswa kanjani. Ukuthi isiphi isiphathimandla abake bathumela kuso ngaphambili, futhi kwaba namuphi umphumela. Nokuthi iphakethe lemibhalo eliqediwe libukeka kanjani kuphrojekthi abake baletha ngempela.
Ngalinye linempendulo engaba yidokhumenti noma cha. Umhlinzeki othumela iphepha lemininingwane, incwajana kanye neshadi lomthamo akaphendulanga neyodwa yazo. Umhlinzeki othumela iphakethe lezibalo elivela kuphrojekthi esele yethulwa, amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwekhodi, uhlu lwemithwalo yesisekelo kanye nombiko wokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa uphendule zonke ezinhlanu, futhi ungaliqhathanisa lelo phakethe nesimiso ohlose ukusikhipha.
Ukuhleleka kubalulekile njengohlu ngokwalo. Le mibuzo ayibizi lutho kumhlinzeki ukuyiphendula futhi ikutshela okuningi okudinga ukukwazi. Uma izimpendulo zingatholakali, ingxoxo izoba ngentengo, ngoba akukho okunye etafuleni.
Ikhono lokukhiqiza lomsebenzi womlilo
Umsebenzi womlilo awudingi ngendlela umsebenzi wenqubo owudingayo, futhi yikho okwenza kube lula ukufanelekisa umhlinzeki ngemigomo engalungile. Ithangi alishintshwa, alihlanjululwa noma aliphathwa, futhi kufanele ligcine amanzi isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Lokho elikudingayo ukunemba kobukhulu, ukuqhubeka kwekhothi, ukuhlangana okuzinzile kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola okwenza umuntu akwazi ukubheka ngaphakathi kulo eminyakeni engamashumi amabili.
Ngakho-ke ikhono elibalulekile yikhono lokwenza amaphaneli anokulingana, ukuwemboza ukuze ukumboza kuqhubeke futhi kulandeleke kuphaneli, ukwakha ijiyometri egcina ukuma kwayo lapho iphathwa, nokuhlanganisa igobolondo elima esisekelweni futhi lihlale lapho. Umhlinzeki onokugobeka kwamapuleti, imigqa yokumboza kanye nesitolo samaphaneli unalezo zikhono. Umhlinzeki othenga amaphaneli aqediwe futhi awahlanganisa unazo kuphela ngokwezinga lokuthi ukuhlolwa kokungena kuqinile.
Izinto ezimbili okufanele zihlolwe ngokukhethekile: ukuthi ukumboza kusetshenziswa esikhungweni somkhiqizi uqobo noma kwenziwa ngaphandle, nokuthi amajigi okwakha nokuhlanganisa kanye nemishini yokuhlola ubukhulu zikhona yini ngaphakathi. Lezo zimpendulo ezimbili zikutshela ukuthi ikhwalithi yenzeka kuphi.
Imibhalo abayikhiqizayo ngempela
Imibhalo okufanele ikhiqizwe umhlinzeki wethangi lamanzi omlilo ayijwayelekile, futhi umhlinzeki ongakwazi ukuyikhiqiza uma ecelwa ukutshela okuthile: izibalo zokuklama zogobolondo nophahla, umdwebo wokuhleleka jikelele onesheduli yezinto ezisetshenziswayo, imithwalo yezisekelo nokusabela, incazelo yokumboza kanye nohlelo lwayo lwekhwalithi namarekhodi okuhlola, izitifiketi zezinto zokwakha, irekhodi lokumiswa noma lokuhlanganiswa, kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa yeSahluko 17.
Cela isethi eyodwa ephelele evela kuphrojekthi esivele yethulwa esikhundleni sohlu lwemibhalo abangayikhiqiza. Uhlu luyisitatimende sekhono. Isethi iwubufakazi, futhi ungayihlola: ukujiya kwepuleti elikusemidwebeni uma kuqhathaniswa nezibalo, isheduli yama-nozzle uma iqhathaniswa nohlu lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, namarekhodi okuhlola uma eqhathaniswa nencazelo yokumboza.
Uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi lusekelwe kuleyo mibhalo. I-ISO 9001 ibeka ukuthi uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi oluqinisekisiwe kufanele lulethise ini, futhi uma umhlinzeki ephethe isitifiketi esinjalo umbuzo owusizo ukuthi sihlanganisa ini: yimiphi imisebenzi, yiziphi izindawo, umkhakha muni. Isitifiketi esisho ukwenziwa nokugcotshwa komkhiqizo sinenani elithile. Esihlanganisa umsebenzi wenkampani ekwelinye ikheli sinenani elincane kakhulu.
Ikhwalithi yokugcoba nokulandeleka
Ikhwalithi yokugcoba yilapho ithangi lomsebenzi womlilo lizuzela khona, ngoba ingaphezulu langaphakathi lihlala lixhumene namanzi amashumi eminyaka futhi ukugcoba kuyinto kuphela ephakathi kwalawo manzi nensimbi. Ethangini lensimbi ekhabhoni eliboshiwe elisetshenziswe efektri, i-AWWA D103 ivumela izinhlelo zokugcoba ezine zasefekthri: i-galvanized, ingilazi encibilikisiwe ensimbini, i-thermoset liquid suspension kanye ne-thermoset powder. Buza ukuthi umhlinzeki usebenzisa luphi futhi ngani.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa ibaluleke kakhulu kunegama lomkhiqizo. Uhlelo lulungile kuphela ngokwezivivinyo ezisetshenziswayo kulo, ngakho-ke incazelo kufanele isho ukulungiselelwa kwendawo ngokuvumelana ne-SSPC-SP 10, ukujiya kwefilimu ngokuvumelana ne-SSPC-PA 2 nokutholwa kwezikhala ngokuvumelana ne-ASTM D5162, futhi umhlinzeki kufanele akwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi lezo zivivinyo zenziwa kuleli thangi, hhayi kusampula.
Ukulandeleka kuyingxenye okulula ukuyishiya kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuyiphinda. Buza ukuthi amarekhodi okumboza agcinwa yini ngokwamakhadi ngamanye, ukuthi ukulungiswa kurekhodwa yini nekhadi okwenziwa kulo, nokuthi ikhona yini inqubo yokulungisa ehlanganisa umonakalo osendleleni naseduze kwendawo. Ethangini elizohlolwa kunokuthi liqashwe, ingaphakathi elingakwazi ukuhlolwa ngaphakathi kuyingaphakathi isimo salo esingaziwa.
Ikhono lokuklama kwesakhiwo nokuzamazama komhlaba
Umbuzo wesakhiwo wethangi lomsebenzi womlilo ngokuvamile awuwona amandla egobolondo. Ithangi eligcina amanzi futhi lihlala phezu kwesisekelo akusona isakhiwo esinzima. Ingxenye enzima iyinhlanganisela yomthwalo wokuzamazama komhlaba, idatha yomoya neqhwa eqondene nendawo, ukuboshwa kanye nesisekelo, kanye nokulingana okufanele igobolondo lihlale kukho. Isahluko 12 se-NFPA 22 sihlanganisa izisekelo emhlabathini, kuhlanganise nokubekezelelana kokulingana okusethwa kukho igobolondo.
Ngakho-ke ikhono lokuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlinzeki uthatha yini idatha yesiza futhi akhiqize umklamo wesakhiwo ngokuhambisana nayo, noma akhiqize ithangi ngokwezinga elithile futhi ashiye izimo zesiza kulowo oyala. Eyokuqala iwukuhlinzeka ngomklamo, eyesibili iwukuhlinzeka ngomkhiqizo, futhi zombili zilungile inqobo nje uma isicaciso sisho ukuthi iyiphi oyithengayo.
Cela isibonelo sokubalwa kwe-seismic esivela kuphrojekthi enezimo zesiza ezifanayo, bese uhlola izinto ezintathu kuso: ukuthi amapharamitha esiza ayakhonjwa kunokuba acatshangwe, ukuthi ukubanjwa nokuphendula kwesisekelo kufakiwe, nokuthi inhlanganisela yemithwalo iyashiwo. Ukubalwa ongakwazi ukukuhlola akubona ubufakazi bokuthi umsebenzi wenziwe.
Isipiliyoni se-AHJ nokuhlola
Isipiliyoni sokugunyazwa nokuhlolwa siyisibikezelo esiqondile kakhulu sokuthi iphrojekthi ihamba kahle yini, futhi siyinto elula kakhulu ukuthi umhlinzeki angayifakazela ngobuqotho. Buza ukuthi yiziphi iziphathimandla abathumele kuzo, izikhathi ezingaki, nokuthi kwenzekani. Umhlinzeki osho iziphathimandla ezintathu futhi achaze ukwenqatshwa ayeke kwaba yisihluthulelo kusetshenziswa kunalowo othi akakaze abe nenkinga.
Iphethini yokwenqatshwa iyafundisa. Umhlinzeki okulungiswa kwakhe konke kwakumayelana namadrowa nokucaciswa unomkhuba wokubhala imibhalo. Lowo okulungiswa kwakhe kwakumayelana nokugcotshwa, amajoyinti noma izisekelo unenkinga yokukhiqiza. Kokubili kufanele kwaziwe ngaphambi kwe-oda.
Ekuhloleni, iphuzu okufanele lisungulwe ukuthi ubani ohlola ithangi nokuthi nini. Isahluko 17 se-NFPA 22 sibeka izidingo zokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa ngokuhlanganyela kwemishini eqediwe kanye nesiphathimandla esazisiwe kanye nemibiko ebhaliwe esayinwe yilabo bantu. Buza ukuthi umhlinzeki uyayisekela yini leyo nqubo endaweni nokuthi ubani okhona.
Ukucwaningwa kwefekthri: yini okufanele ibhekwe
Ukucwaningwa kwefekthri kufanele kwenziwe lapho ithangi likhulu ngokwanele ukuthi ukwehluleka kuyabiza futhi lincane ngokwanele ukuthi ungavakashela umhlinzeki, futhi kuphendula imibuzo ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo okungeke kukwazi ukuyiphendula. Izinto ezinhlanu zifanele zibonwe.
Ukulandelelwa kwamapuleti nezinto ezisetshenziswayo egcekeni, ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukuthi izinombolo zokushisa ziyasinda yini kusukela ekwamukelweni kuze kufike esitifiketini. Umgqa wokumboza, kuhlanganise nesinyathelo sokulungiselela ingaphezulu nokulinganisa ukujiya kwefilimu, ngoba yilapho izinga lekhwalithi libekwa khona. Indawo yokwakha nokuhlanganisa, ukubona ukuthi i-geometry ibanjwe yizinto zokusebenzisa (jigs) hhayi ngamehlo. Imishini yokuhlola ubukhulu kanye nesimo sayo sokulinganisa, ngoba ithangi elingesona isiyingi ekhoneni lininkinga yomthamo. Kanye negumbi lokulawula imibhalo.
Cela ukubona amarekhodi okuhlola ethangi elisakhiqizwa njengamanje esikhundleni somkhiqizo ophelile egcekeni. Umkhiqizo ophelile ukhombisa umphumela, amarekhodi akhombisa inqubo.
Ukuqhathanisa izilinganiso
Izingcaphuno ezimbili zethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo azivamisile ukuqhathaniseka kuze kube yilapho sezincishiswe zaba yizinga elifanayo. Qala ngesisekelo somthamo, bese uhlola ukuthi zombili izingcaphuno zikhombisa umthamo wangempela ngokwesisekelo esifanayo esisodwa esikhundleni somthamo wokulinganisa ngokwezisekelo ezihlukene. Bese uhlola indlela yokwakha, uhlelo lokumboza, isisekelo somthwalo, uhlu lwezinto ezihambisana nayo, ububanzi besisekelo, ububanzi bokuhlola, ububanzi bemibhalo kanye nobubanzi bokumiswa. Isicaphuno esithule ngakunoma yikuphi kwalokhu akusho ukuthi sishibhile, sasingaphelele.
Isiqhathaniso esithola izimangaliso eziningi ukukhishwa. Ikhwothi elikhipha isisekelo, amapayipi okukhipha, izinsimbi zokulinganisa izinga, i-coating yangaphakathi noma ukumiswa kwesayithi kungabonakala kuphansi kakhulu kunalelo elikufaka. Akukuphansi. Yithangi elifanayo, elinani eliphansi ngoba ingxenye encane isekhwothini.
Ekugcineni, biza izinto ezingafakwanga esikhundleni senani eliyinhloko. Umhlinzeki ozobamba intengo ngokuhambisana nomkhakha ocacisiwe wokuhlinzeka, uhlu olucacisiwe lokuthunyelwa kanye nokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa okucacisiwe ubaluleke kakhulu kunenombolo ephansi enomkhakha ovulekile.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Ubufakazi Bokufaneleka Komhlinzeki Wethangi Lamanzi Omlilo
Umbandela | Ubufakazi Okufanele Bucelwe | Ukuthi Impendulo Ebuthakathaka Ibukeka Kanjani | Okwenzayo Ngempendulo Eqinile |
Isipiliyoni sokuklama ngekhodi nohlobo lwethangi | Izinhlelo zekhodi umhlinzeki aklamayo kanye nezinhlobo zamathangi azakhayo | Uhlu lwamagama emikhiqizo ngaphandle kwenqubo ebizwayo | Qhathanisa amazinga nekhodi eseyamukelwe yisiphathimandla sakho |
Ikhono lokuklama kwesakhiwo | Isibalo sesampula esinezilinganiso zesiza, inhlanganisela yemithwalo kanye nokusabela kwesisekelo okukhonjiwe | Ukuklanywa okujwayelekile okunikezwayo ngaphandle kokuthi idatha yesiza ihlolwe ngakho | Qinisekisa ukuthi umhlinzeki uklama ngokwedatha yakho yesiza noma uhlinzeka ngokujwayelekile |
Uhlelo lokumboza nokuqinisekisa | Uhlelo lokumboza lwasefektri olusuka kuzinketho ezivunyelwe yi-AWWA D103, okubalwa kuzo indlela yokulungiselela, ukujiya kanye nezindlela zokuthola amaphutha | Igama lempahla elingenayo indlela yokuqinisekisa emva kwalo | Hlola incazelo yokumboza ngokumelene namanzi agciniwe kanye nomsebenzi |
Ukulandeleka kokumboza | Amarekhodi agcinwe ngokwamakhodi wamaphaneli ngamanye, kanye nenqubo yokulungisa ehlanganisa umonakalo osendleleni nasesizeni | Isitatimende sokuthi amarekhodi akhona kodwa hhayi ukuthi asezingeni lamaphaneli | Cela ifayela lesampula kuthangi olusetshenzisiwe |
Ukulandelelwa kwezinto zokwakha nemikhiqizo | Izitifiketi zezinto zokwakha zegobolondo nophahla ezixhumene nezinombolo zokushisa ezisetshenzisiwe | Izitifiketi ezingenasixhumanisi nethangi elithile | Qhathanisa izitifiketi nokujiya kwamapuleti emidwebo |
Umlando wokuthunyelwa kwezicelo kwiziphathimandla | Iziphathimandla okwathunyelwa kuzo, inani lezicelo nokwabuyiswa | Isimangalo esijwayelekile sokugunyazwa ngaphandle kokusho isiphathimandla | Buza ukuthi yiziphi iziphathimandla ezamukele umsebenzi endaweni yokuphatha okuyo |
Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa | Ukuqinisekiswa kokuthi ukuhlolwa ngokuhlanganyela kweSahluko 17 kuyasekelwa esizeni nokuthi ubani ozimbandakanyayo | Ukuthathwa kokwamukelwa njengenkinga yomnikazi yedwa | Faka ukuzimbandakanya kanye nefomethi yombiko esivumelwaneni |
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi | Isitifiketi, ububanzi baso kanye nemisebenzi nezindawo ezisihlanganisayo | Isitifiketi esingasho ukuthi ububanzi baso buhlanganisa umsebenzi wokwakha noma wokugcoba | Qinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi buhlanganisa umsebenzi okhiqiza ithangi lakho |
Ikhono lokumisa nokuletha | Isitatimende sendlela yokumisa, umzila wokuletha kanye nohlu lwezinsiza zesizeni | Ububanzi bokuletha obungenandlela ngemuva kwayo | Qhathanisa uhlelo lokumisa nezithiyo zesizeni sakho kanye neshejuli |
Amaphuzu Okubheka Ocwaningo Lwasefektri Yethangi Lamanzi Omlilo
Indawo | Okufanele Kubhekwe | Irekhodi Noma Idokhumenti Okufanele Icelwe | Uphawu Lwesixwayiso |
Indawo yezinto zokwakha nokugcinwa kwamapulangwe | Ukuthi amapulangwe ayakhonjwa futhi ahlukaniswa yini, nokuthi ukuvikelwa ekulimaleni kwanele yini | Isitifiketi sesampula sezinto esilandelwa kuze kufinyelelwe epulangweni elisendaweni yezinto zokwakha | Amapulangwe angaziwa abekwe ndawonye ngaphandle kokulandelwa |
Ukulungiswa kwendawo | Ukuthi indlela yokulungisa ilawulwa futhi ibhaliswa yini ngaphambi kokuqatywa, hhayi ukuhlolwa ngemuva | Ilogi yokulungiselela iphaneli ephambi kwakho | Ayikho ilogi, noma ilogi egcwaliswe ngemuva kwesikhathi |
Ulayini we-coating nokulinganisa ukujiya kwefilimu | Ukuthi ukujiya kukalwa kanjani, kangaki, nokuthi isikali sisekhalibhrashini yini | Isitifiketi sekhalibhrashini yesikali sokujiya kanye nerekhodi lephaneli | Izilinganiso zokujiya ezirekhodwe ngaphandle kwencwadi yesikali |
Amajigi okwakha nokuhlanganisa | Ukuthi i-geometry yephaneli ibanjwa yizinto zokubamba noma ilungiswa ngesandla | Irekhodi lokuhlola kobukhulu bethangi elikhiqizwayo | Ukulungiswa kwephaneli ngesandla ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
Imininingwane yokuhlanganisa nokuvala | Indlela ijiyometri yokuhlanganisa nesivalo esilawulwa ngayo ethangini elisaqhubeka | Imyalelo yokuhlanganisa kanye nerekhodi lokuhlolwa ngokuhlanganyela | Ukwelashwa ngokuhlanganyela okushiyelwe ithimba lokumisa ngaphandle kwenqubo ebhaliwe |
Imishini yokuhlola ubukhulu | Okulinganiswayo, kuphi ukubekezelelana nokuthi ngayiphi imishini eqinisekisiwe | Amarekhodi okuqinisekisa kanye nesampula lombiko wobukhulu obakhiwe | Ukulinganisa ngetheyipu noma ngamehlo ejometri ebalulekile |
Ukulawulwa kwemibhalo | Ukuthi ingabe ifayela eliphelele lingakhiqizwa yini lethangi elethwa eminyakeni edlule | Ifayela lokudlulisela ledamu eliqediwe ngaphambili | Amafayela agcinwa kuphela njengamaphepha okukhiqiza ngaphandle kwerekhodi lokwakhiwe |
Indawo yokulungisa nokuthinta | Ukuthi i-coating eyonakele ilungiswa kanjani, ubani oyigunyazayo nokuthi irekhodwa kanjani | Inqubo yokulungisa kanye nerekhodi yokulungisa eqediwe ngokuhambisana nenombolo yephaneli | Ayikho inqubo ebhaliwe yokulungisa |
Inkomba Yephrojekthi
Akukho rekhodi eqinisekisiwe yephrojekthi yamanzi omlilo emtatsheni wamaphrojekthi ehambisana nobubanzi balo mhlahlandlela wokuhlola umhlinzeki, ngakho-ke i-athikili yethulwa ngaphandle kwesibonelo sephrojekthi. Esikuthwalayo esikhundleni salokho yingxenye engahlolwa: imibuzo yeziqu okufanele ibuzwe ngaphambi kwengxoxo yentengo, amandla okukhiqiza abalulekile emsebenzini womlilo, imibhalo okufanele umhlinzeki ayikhiqize ngaphandle kokucelwa, ukulandeleka kwe-coating nobufakazi bokubalwa kokuzamazama komhlaba okufanele kubhekwe, amaphuzu okuhlolwa kwefekthri, nokulungiswa kobubanzi okwenza ama-quotation amabili afaniswe. Ngakunye kushiwo ngokumelene nezinga elivela kulo, ukuze kuhlolwe esikhundleni sokuthenjwa nje.
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd.) iklama futhi yakha amathangi okugcina insimbi eboliwe, amathangi ensimbi ashiselwe, amathangi e-epoxy ahlanganiswe ngokuncibilika, amathangi e-galvanized, izitsha zensimbi engagqwali, izitsha zengcindezi, uphahla lwedome le-aluminium le-geodesic kanye nophahla oluntantayo. Inkampani inolwazi lokukhiqiza olungaphezu kweminyaka engu-30 futhi isihlinzeke ngemishini kumaphrojekthi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Uphahla lwedome le-aluminium le-geodesic luklanywa futhi lwakhiwe ngokwe-API 650 Appendix G, AWWA D108, i-Aluminum Design Manual, i-ASCE 7 kanye ne-IBC, futhi inkampani yathuthukisa futhi yathumela ngaphandle uphahla lwedome le-aluminium olungububanzi obungu-72 m ngo-2023. Ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa, ukugcotshwa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nesevisi yasendaweni kusingathwa njengomsebenzi owodwa, yingakho imidwebo, isisekelo sokubala kanye nezingxenyekazi ezilethiwe kungahlanganiswa ndawonye.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ngingamhlola kanjani umkhiqizi wethangi lamanzi omlilo?
Ngingayihlola kanjani inkampani ekhiqiza ithangi lamanzi omlilo? Ngemibhalo. Ngaphambi kwengxoxo yentengo, buza ukuthi bahlela ngaluphi uhlelo lokushicilela kanye naluphi uhlobo lwethangi, ukuthi bakhiqiza yini umklamo wesakhiwo, ukuthi iyiphi inqubo yabo yokumboza nokuthi iqinisekiswa kanjani, ukuthi yiziphi iziphathimandla abathumele kuzo, kanye nesethi ephelele yemibhalo evela kuphrojekthi esele yethulwa. Bese uhlola isethi ngokuvumelana nesimiso sakho: ukujiya kwamapuleti ngokuvumelana nezibalo, uhlu lwemibhobho ngokuvumelana nohlu lwezinsiza, namarekhodi okuhlola ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokumboza.
Yimiphi imibhalo okufanele umhlinzeki wethangi lamanzi omlilo ayinikeze?
Yiluphi imibhalo okufanele ihlinzekwe umhlinzeki wethangi lamanzi omlilo? Izibalo zokuklama zogobolondo nophahla, umdwebo wokuhleleka jikelele onesheduli yezinto ezisetshenziswayo, imithwalo yezisekelo nokusabela, incazelo yokumboza kanye nohlelo lwayo lwekhwalithi namarekhodi okuhlola, izitifiketi zezinto zokwakha zogobolondo nophahla, irekhodi lokumiswa noma lokuhlanganiswa, kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa edingwa yiSahluko 17 se-NFPA 22. Cela isethi eyodwa ephelele evela kuphrojekthi esivele yethulwa esikhundleni sohlu lwalokho abangakukhiqiza.
Ngingayihlola kanjani isipiliyoni se-NFPA 22 somhlinzeki?
Ngingayihlola kanjani isipiliyoni se-NFPA 22 somhlinzeki?Buza ukuthi yiziphi iziphathimandla abathumele kuzo, izikhathi ezingaki, nokuthi umphumela waba yini esimweni ngasinye, kuhlanganise nokwenqatshwa. I-NFPA 22 iwindinganiso hhayi ukugunyazwa komkhiqizo, ngakho akukho kuhlu lokuhlola; ubufakazi umlando wokuthunyelwa namarekhodi okwamukelwa. Umhlinzeki osho iziphathimandla futhi achaze abakufundile ekwenqatshweni unikeza ulwazi olusebenzisekayo.
Yini okufanele ngiyihlole ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefekthri?
Yini okufanele ngiyihlole phakathi nokuhlolwa kwefekthri? Izinto ezinhlanu. Ukulandeleka kwamapuleti nezinto ezisetshenziswayo egcekeni, ukuze ubone ukuthi izinombolo zokushisa ziyasinda yini kusukela ekwamukelweni kuze kufike esitifiketini. Umgqa wokumboza, kuhlanganise nokulungiselelwa kwendawo nokukalwa kobukhulu befilimu. Indawo yokwakha nokuhlanganisa, ukubona ukuthi ijiyometri ibanjwe yizinto zokusebenza (jigs) hhayi ngamehlo. Imishini yokuhlola ubukhulu nokuma kwayo kokulinganisa. Kanye negumbi lokulawula imibhalo, lapho ungacela khona ifayela lethangi elethwa eminyakeni emithathu edlule.
Kufanele ngiziqhathanise kanjani izilinganiso ezimbili zamathangi amanzi omlilo?
Kufanele ngikuqhathanise kanjani ukulinganisa kwemibhalo emibili yamathangi amanzi omlilo? Qala ngokuwanciphisa abe yizinga elifanayo: isisekelo somthamo kanye nedathumu yaso, umzila wokwakha, uhlelo lokumboza, isisekelo somthwalo, uhlu lwezinto ezihambisana nawo, ububanzi besisekelo, ububanzi bokuhlola, ububanzi bemibhalo kanye nobubanzi bokumiswa. Bese uqhathanisa okukhishiwe futhi unikeze intengo yezinto ezingafakwanga esikhundleni senani eliyinhloko. Isilinganiso esingafaki isisekelo, amapayipi okukhipha amanzi noma ukumiswa kwendawo asishibhile; yithangi elifanayo elinganiselwe kancane.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yekhodi kuhlanganisa ini?
Ihlola kanjani izinga lokumboza? Uhlelo, inqubo kanye namarekhodi. Ethangini lensimbi ye-carbon steel elinebhodi eligoqiwe elakhiwe efektri, i-AWWA D103 ivumela izinhlelo ezine zokumboza zasefekthri: i-galvanized, ingilazi encibilikisiwe ensimbi, i-thermoset liquid suspension kanye ne-thermoset powder. Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo kuhlola ukulungiswa kwendawo ngokuhambisana ne-SSPC-SP 10, ukujiya kwefilimu ngokuhambisana ne-SSPC-PA 2 kanye nokutholwa kwama-holiday ngokuhambisana ne-ASTM D5162. Ukuhlolwa kwamarekhodi ukuthi imiphumela igcinwa yini ngokwamakhodi wamaphaneli ngamanye nokuthi ukulungiswa kuyarekhodwa yini.
Ngingakuhlola kanjani ikhono lokubala komhlinzeki mayelana nokuzamazama komhlaba?
Ngingayiqinisekisa kanjani ikhono lomhlinzeki lokubala ukuzamazama komhlaba? Cela isibonelo sokubala esivela kuphrojekthi enezimo zendawo eziqhathanisekayo bese uhlola izinto ezintathu kuso: ukuthi amapharamitha endawo ayakhonjwa kunokuba acatshangwe, ukuthi ukuboshwa kanye nokusabela kwesisekelo kufakiwe, nokuthi inhlanganisela yemithwalo iyashiwo. Ukubala ongakwazi ukukuhlola akubona ubufakazi bokuthi umsebenzi wenziwe. Thola futhi ukuthi umhlinzeki uyayithatha yini idatha yendawo futhi akhele kuyo, noma uhlinzeka ngethangi ngokwezinga elithile bese eshiyela unjiniyela izimo zendawo.
Ukufaneleka komphakeli wethangi lamanzi omlilo kuwumsebenzi wobufakazi, futhi ubufakazi yimibhalo evamile: izibalo, imidwebo, amarekhodi okugcoba, izitifiketi, imibiko yokuhlola kanye nomlando wokuthunyelwa. Kuyasebenza ngoba ithangi liyinto elawulwa yikhodi enezinga elibhaliwe ngemuva kwayo, ngakho lokho umphakeli akwenzile kungahlolwa ngomunye umuntu ongeyena umphakeli.
I-oda lezohwebo kufanele lenziwe ngendlela efanele. Yenza ukufaneleka ngaphambi kwengxoxo yentengo, ngoba imibhalo ibiza kancane kumphakeli futhi ikutshela okuningi okudinga ukukwazi. Futhi uma uqhathanisa ama-quotation amabili, wehlise kube yizinga elifanayo futhi unikeze intengo kokuhlukile, ngoba indawo evulekile yilapho izindleko zicasha khona.
Sithumele uhlelo lwekhodi olulawulayo, isisekelo somthamo, idatha yomthwalo wesiza, amanzi agciniwe kanye nemibhalo edingekayo, futhi sizobuyisela isisekelo sethu sokuklama, uhlelo lokumboza kanye nendlela yalo yokuqinisekisa, indlela yokubala kwesakhiwo, uhlelo lwezinsiza ezengeziwe kanye nokuhambisa kanye nohlelo lokumisa nokwamukela.
Khuluma Nethimba Lethu Lobunjiniyela
Thumela umsebenzi, isisekelo somthamo, ikhodi elawulayo kanye nemikhawulo yesiza, futhi ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lizobuya nencazelo yokucacisa umhlinzeki angayikhokhela futhi umhloli angayivuma. Sizokutshela futhi ngokucacile lapho uhlobo oluhlukile lwethangi noma umkhakha ohlukile kuyimpendulo engcono.
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