Izitsha Zokugcina Amafutha: Ubunjiniyela, Ezokuphepha, Nemigomo Yokuhambisana
Kwadalwa ngo 2024.03.23
Amathangi Okugcina Uwoyela Wokubasa: Ubunjiniyela, Ezokuphepha, Namazinga Okuthobela Imigomo
Izitsha zokugcina uwoyela wokushisa ziyizimpahla ezibalulekile ezindaweni zezimboni, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izikhungo zedatha, nezicelo zasolwandle, ezisebenza njengesisekelo sokugcina izinhlelo zokushisa kanye nezinjini zokubuyisela ugesi eziphuthumayo. Ngoba uwoyela wokushisa (njengoDiesel, uNo. 2, noma uwoyela wokushisa uNo. 6) uyinto enobungozi futhi ungcolisa imvelo, lezi zinhlelo zokubamba zithobela izidingo eziqinile zobunjiniyela nezingokomthetho. Umklamo wesimanje wezimbiza zikawolintshi ugxila kakhulu ekunciphiseni umthelela emvelweni, usebenzisa ukutholwa okuphambili kokuvuza, ukubamba okuphindwe kabili, nezinto ezivimbela ukugqwala ukuqinisekisa ukuqina komklamo.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa Ngokubekwa: AST vs. UST
Isinqumo esiyinhloko sokwakhiwa lapho kuklanywa uhlelo lokugcina uwoyela wokubasa ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Aboveground Storage Tank (AST) kanye ne-Underground Storage Tank (UST).
● Amathangi Okugcina Angaphezu Komhlaba (AST): Afakwa emaphedi e-concrete noma emabhedeni, i-AST ikhethwa ngenxa yokulula kokuhlola, izindleko zokuqala zokufakwa eziphansi, kanye nokususwa okulula. Noma kunjalo, adinga indawo enkulu futhi kumele akhelwe ukubekezelela izinto ezihlukahlukene zemvelo njengemithwalo yomoya, izinga lokushisa elidlulele, kanye nokushayisana kwezimoto okungenzeka.
● Izitsha Zokugcina Zengaphansi Komhlaba (UST): Zibekwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi komhlaba, i-UST ikhethwa lapho isikhala sengaphezulu sikhawulelwe noma lapho izidingo zobuhle nemithetho yokuphepha komlilo idinga ukungcwatshwa. Zivikelwe ngokwemvelo ekushintsheni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa nokukhanya kwelanga. Kodwa-ke, zidinga ukulungiswa okunzulu kwezobunjiniyela bomhlaba, kunzima ukuzihlola ngamehlo, futhi zidinga ukuvikelwa okubalulekile kwe-cathodic noma ukwakhiwa nge-fiberglass ukulwa nokugqwala okubangelwa umhlabathi.
2. Izindinganiso Ezibalulekile Zezinto Nobunjiniyela
Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komphakathi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, izitsha zokugcina uwoyela kufanele zakhiwe futhi zifakwe ngokuya ngemithetho yokukhiqiza eyaziwayo:
● UL 142: Indinganiso yomkhakha yezitsha zensimbi ezingaphezulu komhlaba ezilondolozela uketshezi oluvutha kalula noluvutha kancane. Iphatha imiklamo eyodwa nodonga olulodwa kanye nemiklamo enezindonga ezimbili, ichaza ubuqotho bokushisela, imingcele yokuhlola ingcindezi, kanye nezinqubo zokukhipha umoya.
● UL 2085: Kusebenza emathangini aphephile angaphezulu komhlaba. Lezi zinhlelo zinezingqimba zokuvikela phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili zensimbi ukunikeza izakhiwo ezivikela umlilo, zivikela uphethiloli ekushiseni okwedlulele ngesikhathi somlilo wangaphandle esikhungweni.
● NFPA 30 (Ikhodi Yezimvume Namalungelo Okushisa): Ichaza izindawo zokuhlukanisa ezivikelekile ezivela emingceleni yempahla, izisekelo zezakhiwo, kanye nemigwaqo yomphakathi, ngenkathi ibeka izibalo ezithile zokungena komoya eziphuthumayo ukuvimbela ukwanda ngokweqile.
● EPA SPCC (Ukuvimbela, Ukulawula, kanye Nokulwa Nokuchitheka): Imithetho yeFederal efuna izindawo ezinekhono elikhulu lokugcina uwoyela ukuthi zisebenzise izinhlelo zokugcina eziyisibili (njengezindonga zokubopha ukhonkolo noma amathangi anezindonga ezimbili) ezikwazi ukubamba u-110% wekhono le-tanki elikhulu kunawo wonke.
3. Ukuqhathanisa Kobuchwepheshe: Ukucushwa kwe-AST vs. i-UST
Isici / Isilinganiso | Amathangi Okugcina Angaphezulu Komhlaba (AST) | Izitsha Zokugcina Zengaphansi Komhlaba (UST) |
Ukusebenzisa Indawo | Kudingeka indawo enkulu engaphezulu. | Ayikho indawo eyithathayo phezu komhlaba (ingahlala ngaphansi kwezindawo zokupaka izimoto). |
Ukuvezwa Ukugqwala | I-Atmospheric (UV, imvula, umswakama). | I-Subsurface (I-chemistry yenhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba anomuncu). |
UkuThola ukuVuza | Ukuhlola okubonakalayo okulula & izinzwa zomugqa we-electronic. | Ukuqapha okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesikhala esiphakathi & ukubuyisana kwezinto. |
Ubuhlozi bomlilo | Phezulu (Kudinga i-UL 2085 insulation noma i-diking). | Phansi kakhulu (Ivikelwe ngokwemvelo inhlabathi). |
Izindleko zokufaka | Phakathi (Ikakhulukazi i-concrete pad & piping). | Phezulu (Ukumba, ukubopha, ukubopha i-ballast). |
Isikhathi sokuphila esivamile | Iminyaka engu-20–30 (Iyahamba ngokwesondlo). | Iminyaka engu-30+ (Uma kusetshenziswe impahla ye-FRP/Composite). |
4. Izinselele Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza Nokulondolozwa
Uwoyela kaphethiloli uyinhlanganisela ye-organic eyonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuphatha imvelo yangaphakathi ye-tanki kubaluleke kakhulu njengokulondolozwa kobuqiniso bayo bangaphandle.
● Ukuqoqeka Kwamanzi: Ngenxa yokungena komoya nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama uyancipha ezindongeni zangaphakathi zezitsha bese uhlala phansi. Amanzi akhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane ("izimbungulu zedizili") adla ama-hydrocarbon, adale udaka olune-asidi olonakalisa phansi kwesitsha futhi luvimbe izihlungi zamafutha ezihamba phansi.
● Ukugqwala Kwangaphakathi: Ngisho nasezitsheni zensimbi, ubukhona bamanzi nama-asidi akhiqizwa amagciwane kungadala ukugqwala okubhidlizayo. Ukuhlanjululwa kwamafutha njalo, imishanguzo yokubulala amagciwane, nokudonswa kwamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuzivikela.
● Ukuvikelwa Nge-Cathodic: Ezitsheni zensimbi ze-UST, izinto zokuzidela noma izinhlelo zokuvikelwa nge-cathodic ezihambayo (ICCP) kumele zakhiwe endaweni ukuze zikhiphe imisinga kagesi ephazamisayo enhlabathini engabhebhethekisa ukugqwala kwe-galvanic.
5. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Yisiphi isinzuzo ethangini likaphethiloli elinezindonga ezimbili?
Impendulo: Ithangi elinezindonga ezimbili linezinga lokuqala lokubamba uphethiloli eligoqwe uqweqwe lwangaphandle lwesibili lokubamba. Isikhala phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili—esaziwa njengesikhala esiphakathi—sihlala siqashwa ngama-sensor we-vacuum, ingcindezi, noma oketshezi. Uma ithangi langaphakathi liba nokuqhekeka okuncane, uphethiloli uboshwa ngokuphepha odongeni lwangaphandle, ubangele isexwayiso ngaphambi kokuba uwoyela uphumele endaweni.
Umbuzo: Yilapho amathangi kawoyela kaphethiloli kufanele ahlolelwe khona kangaki?
A: Ngokwezindinganiso ze-STI (Steel Tank Institute) SP001, amathangi angaphezulu komhlaba kufanele athole ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni njalo ngenyanga kanye njalo ngonyaka okwenziwa abasebenzi bendawo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphandle nangaphakathi okwenziwa onjiniyela abaqinisekisiwe bangaphandle njalo eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kwey-10, kuye ngosayizi wenketho kanye nokwakheka kwethangi.
Umb: Ngingasebenzisa insimbi evamile ye-carbon yokugcina uphethiloli engcwatshwa emhlabeni?
Impendulo: Insimbi ye-carbon eyihamba yodwa ingalinyazwa kalula ukugqwala komhlabathi futhi ayikwazi ukungcwatshwa ngaphandle kokuvikelwa. Izinhlelo zesimanje ezingcwatshwa emhlabeni kufanele zisebenzise i-Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) eqondile, noma izitanki zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe ezigoqwe ngesendlalelo sangaphandle se-polyurethane ewugqinsi noma i-FRP ukuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi ayithinti nhlobo indawo engaphansi komhlaba.
Ukukhetha nokuklama ithangi lokugcina uwoyela wokushisa kudinga ukulinganisela phakathi kokutholakala kwesikhala, izindleko zokuphila komkhiqizo, kanye nokuthobela imithetho eqinile. Ngokubeka phambili izakhiwo ezinezindonga ezimbili, ukuthobela izindinganiso zokukhiqiza ze-UL, kanye nokufeza izinqubo eziqinile zokulungisa ukuphathwa kwamanzi, izindawo zingavikela isipele samandla esithembekile esivikela kokubili isikhathi sokusebenza kwazo kanye nemvelo ezizungezile.
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