Izitsha Zokugcina Ukudla Okungadliwe: Umhlahlandlela Wezobunjiniyela Nokuphathwa
Kwadalwa ngo 2024.03.25
Amathangi Okugcina Imfucuza Yokudla: Umhlahlandlela Wobunjiniyela Nokuphatha
Izitsha zokugcina imfucuza yokudla zibalulekile emikhakheni yokuguqula imfucuza ibe amandla kanye nomnotho oyindilinga. Ngokungafani nokugcina amanzi ajwayelekile, imfucuza yokudla ayifani, inomuncu kakhulu, futhi iyasebenza ngokwebhayoloji. Ukuklanywa kahle kwezitsha kudinga izinto ezikhethekile namasu obunjiniyela ukuphatha uketshezi oluphuma emfucuzeni, izinto eziyingozi eziguquguqukayo (VOCs), kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali. Noma ngabe umgomo uwukwelashwa kwangaphambili, ukuxuba, noma ukugcina izinto zokudla zokugaywa kwamagciwane, ukukhetha ingqalasizinda efanele yokugcina kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza isikhathi eside.
1. Izidingo zobunjiniyela zemfucuza yokudla
Imfucuza yokudla ayiyona into ezinzile. Ibolile ngokushesha, ikhiphe amagesi kanye noketshezi olune-asidi. Ngakho-ke, amathangi okugcina kumele aklanywe ukubhekana nezinselelo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
● Ukugqwala kwamachibi: Imfucuza yokudla ivame ukukhiqiza ama-asidi emvelo anciphisa i-pH kakhulu. Amathangi ensimbi evamile ngaphandle kokugcotshwa okuphezulu azobhekana nokugqwala okusheshayo kanye nokugqwala kwezindawo ezihlangene.
● Ukubanjwa kokudonsa: Uketshezi oluphuma (ukudonsa) luyingozi kakhulu futhi kumele lubanjwe, luqoqwe, futhi lucutshungulwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
● Ukulawulwa kwephunga: Ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kukhipha i-hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) nezinye izigesi ezinukayo. Ukubopha ngokuqinile kanye nokukhipha umoya ngaphansi kokucindezela okungaphansi kuyimpoqo.
2. Isibonelo Sokukhethwa Kwezinto
Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yesitsha sokugcina udoti wokudla.
Into | Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Ukuphila | Izindleko | Isebenziseka Kakhulu |
Ingilazi-Ehlanganiswe-Nensimbi (GFS) | Kakhulu | Iminyaka engu-30+ | Ephakathi | Ama-digester angenamoya, ukugcina okukhulu |
Insimbi engagqwali | Phakeme Kakhulu | Iminyaka engu-30+ | Phakeme | Imfucuza ye-Pharmaceutical/ephezulu kakhulu |
Ukhonkolo Olunwetshiwe | Ephakathi | Iminyaka engu-20-30 | Okuguquguqukayo | Ama-sump amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba |
I-Carbon Steel (Epayintiwe) | Phansi | Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5 | Phansi | Imfucuza yesikhashana/eyomile kuphela |
Ukuqonda Kochwepheshe: Ezicini eziningi zokusebenzisa udoti wokudla wezimboni, i-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) ithathwa njengezinga legolide embonini. Inikeza ukungathathi hlangothi kwamakhemikhali kwengilazi namandla esakhiwo ensimbi, ikwazi ukumelana kahle nokuhlaselwa okubangelwa amakhemikhali okujwayelekile emifuleni yokuphuma kukadoti wezinto eziphilayo.
3. Izici Ezibalulekile Zokuklama
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha, amathangi kadoti wokudla kufanele afake izici zobunjiniyela ezilandelayo:
● Isitembu Esingangeni Moya: Amathangi kufanele angangeni gesi ukuze abambe i-methane (uma isetshenziselwa i-biogas) futhi agcine amaphunga.
● Izimbobo Zokungena Nokuhlanza: Ngenxa yengozi yokwenzeka "kokubunjwa uqweqwe" (okuqinile okuqoqana phezulu) nokuhlala (udaka phansi), kudingeka iminyango emikhulu yokungena ukuze kulungiswe nokuhlanza ngomshini.
● Ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa: Ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kukhiqiza ukushisa. Amathangi avame ukudinga amajazi ahlanganisiwe noma amapayipi angaphakathi ukuze kugcinwe izidingo ezithile zokushisa zomjikelezo kadoti noma ukuvimbela ukuqhwa ezindaweni ezibandayo.
● Ukuhlanganiswa kwesihlanguli: Ukuvimbela ukuhlukana (ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziqinile nezoketshezi), izihlanguli ezingaphansi kwamanzi eziphakeme zivame ukudingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukudla okufanayo.
4. Izinto Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Ekusebenzeni
Ukuphathwa kwe-Leachate
Imfucuza yokudla ikhiqiza i-leachate ebalulekile. Uhlelo lokugcina kufanele lube ne-sump yokuqoqa noma ibhermu yesibili yokuvimbela. Ezindaweni ezinomthamo omkhulu, ithangi lokugcina livame ukuxhunywa ngqo esitshalweni sokwelapha i-leachate ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uketshezi luyathuthukiswa ngaphambi kokukhishwa noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha.
Uvuno kanye Nokuphepha Kwamagesi
● Ukukhipha Umoya: Izinhlelo kumele zifake izihlungi zekhabhoni noma izihlungi zebhayoloji ukuhlanza umoya omubi ngaphambi kokuba ukhishwe emoyeni.
● Ukuthola Amagesi: Uma ithangi lokugcina lihlotshaniswa nenqubo yokugaywa, izinzwa zokuqapha i-$CH_4$ kanye ne-$H_2S$ ziyadingeka ukugcina izimiso zokuphepha kubasebenzi.
5. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Kungani ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa amathangi epulasitiki ajwayelekile kudoti lokudla?
Impendulo: Ipulastiki (i-HDPE/Polyethylene) kulula ukulimala ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa namakhemikhali akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumavolumu amakhulu ezimboni, ipulasitiki ayinawo ubuqotho obuqinile bokubhekana nesisindo kanye nomfutho we-hydrostatic wezinto eziqinile eziphilayo.
Umbuzo: Ngingawaphatha kanjani "ama-crust" angena phezulu ethangini lodoti lokudla?
A: Ukwakheka kwe-crust kuvamile ekugcinweni kokuphuma kokudla. Lokhu kulawulwa ngokufaka ama-agitators/mixers angena phezulu noma eceleni aphule ungqimba lwesurface futhi abuyisele emathubeni amanzi.
Q: Lezi zinqwaba zihambisana nemithetho yokuvikela imvelo?
A: Ezindaweni eziningi, ukugcinwa kokuphuma kokudla kufanele kuhambisane nezindinganiso zehhovisi lokuvikela imvelo lendawo mayelana ne-"process wastewater" noma "organic waste." Lokhu kuvame ukufuna uhlelo lokugcina oluvulekile, olungavuli, nolwakhiwe kahle.
Ukukhetha isikhwama sokugcina ukuphuma kokudla esifanele kuyisixazululo sokuhlala kwempahla, ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokulawula iphunga. Njengoba imigomo yokusimama emhlabeni iphakamisa ukuguqulwa kokuphuma kube amandla, ukutshalwa kwezimali ezakhiweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu—ikakhulukazi i-GFS noma insimbi engagqwali ephezulu—kwehlisa isikhathi sokulungisa futhi kuvinjeze izingozi zemvelo ezihambisana nezikhala nezikhukhula.
Ngabe njengamanje usezigabeni zokuhlela indawo entsha yokuphatha imfucuza, noma ngabe ufuna ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yokugcina endaweni ekhona?
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