Uphahla Oluntantayo Lwesevisi Yokuhluza I-Petroleum Namakhemikhali
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Uphahla Oluntantayo Lwase-Refinery Nezinsizakalo Ze-Petrochemical
Izinsizakalo ze-Refinery ne-petrochemical zigxilisa umsebenzi onzima kakhulu wophahla oluntantayo: igesi eline-asidi, ukuhamba okuphezulu, ukukhishwa okunamandla kanye nokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle emathangini amakhulu enqubo, uphahla lwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwamagobolondo anophahla olungagxili. Ukukhetha kufanele kulandele izimo zensizakalo kanye nekhodi esebenzayo, hhayi ukuthanda okuzenzakalelayo.
Kungani Uphahla Oluntantayo Lusetshenziswa Kwi-Refinery
Isevisi yokuhluza uphethiloli namakhemikhali igxilisa umsebenzi onzima kakhulu wophahla oluntantayo: igesi elinebhakteriya, ukuhamba okuphezulu, ukukhishwa komoya okuqinile kanye nokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Uphahla luhamba phezu koketshezi futhi lususa ingxenye enkulu yesikhala esingaphezulu umkhiqizo ongashiywa uphahla olungantanti, okuwumthombo omkhulu kakhulu wokuphelela nokulahlekelwa ukuphepha eMkhakathini Wokuhluza Uphuthiloli.
Ukukhetha Uphahla Lwangaphakathi Nolwangaphandle
Uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle emathangini amakhulu okucubungula, uphahla lwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwezigobho zophahla olungantanti ezikhona. EMkhakathini Wokuhluza Uphuthiloli isigobho osuvele unaso kanye nobubanzi bephrojekthi ngokuvamile kucacisa lokhu ngaphambi kwengxoxo yomkhiqizo; ukukhetha kushintsha uhlobo lwephahla, isigaba sokuvikela, ukufinyelela kanye nesisekelo sokuhlola.
Amathangi oMkhakathi Wokuhluza Uphuthiloli awavamile ukuhlala engasebenzi, ngakho izikhathi zokuhlola zifushane; isimo sophahla nokuvikela kufanele kuhlolwe ngesikhathi esisekelwe engcupheni esihambisana nekhalenda lokulungisa leyunithi.
Imikhawulo Nemibandela Yesevisi
Ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo, ukudluliswa kokungcola kanye nokufinyelela kokushintsha kwesimo kuthonya uphahla kanye nokucaciswa kwe-seal. Le mikhawulo ibeka uhlobo lwe-deck, into yokufakwa kwe-seal kanye nanoma yikuphi ukushisisa, ukumboza noma ukufaka i-lining okudingwa yi-Refinery; ukukusho kuqala kugwema uphahla olungeke lukwazi ukumelana nomsebenzi.
Iphrofayela Yengozi
Ukukhishwa kobuthi, umlilo kanye nokuma okungahleliwe ngenxa yokuwa kophahla yizinto ezikhathazayo eziyinhloko. E-Refinery ingozi ngayinye ihambisana nokulawula okuthile - isigaba sokuvaleleka, ukuxhumanisa, ukuqapha isikhala somphetho noma inqubo yokungena - esikhundleni senothi ejwayelekile yokuphepha.
Indlela Yokukhetha Nokuklama
Indlela ephindwayo igcina ukukhetha kuvikelekile kumathangi afanayo:
1. Bopha ukukhetha ku-refinery: qinisekisa ingcindezi yayo yomhwamuko kanye nephuzu lokushisa endaweni yokugcina yangempela, hhayi ezimweni ezijwayelekile.
2. Linganisa uhlobo lwedekhi nokuhamba komlenze kusukela kububanzi bethangi, ukushintshwa kanye nevolumu edingekayo ye-Refinery.
3. Khetha okwangaphakathi noma okwangaphandle kusukela kugobolondo osele likhona kanye nomthetho wokukhishwa okusebenzayo.
4. Setha isigaba sokhiye wokuqala nowesibili kusukela engcupheni yase-refinery kanye nokuchayeka kwe-LFL okukudalayo.
5. Hlanganisa umklamo ne-API 650, API 653, API 2000, NACE MR0175, namakhodi okuphepha kwenqubo yesiza. futhi lungisa isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-API 653 ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Uhlaka Lokulinganisa (Oluyisibonelo, Hhayi Inombolo Yephrojekthi)
Sebenzisa lobu budlelwano ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kokulawulwa komhwamuko wase-Refinery ngaphambi kokuzibophezela enombolweni:
Ukulahlekelwa okulawulekayo okulinganiselwe kuyehla njengoba igebe le-seal nokulingana kwe-deck kuthuthuka; hlola nge: Ukulahlekelwa ∝ igebe × umjikelezo × isici sokucindezela komhwamuko.
Amavelu okuhlola okulawula umhwamuko e-Refinery angezansi ayizibonelo futhi akhona ukukhombisa indlela; awazona izilinganiso zendawo ezivela kuphrojekthi eqanjiwe futhi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa.
Okokufaka | Inani eliyisibonelo | Kungani kubalulekile |
Igebe le-seal (isibonelo) | 12 mm vs 6 mm | Ukwehlisa igebe ngesigamu kwehlisa ukulahlekelwa komphetho cishe ngesigamu |
Umjikelezo wethangi (isibonelo) | 200 m | Ibeke umjikelezo wokukhishwa |
Isici sokucindezela komhwamuko | Kuncike kumkhiqizo | Kuqhuba izinga, hhayi indlela |
Ikilasi le-seal | Okukodwa vs okukabili | Isivalo esikabili sinciphisa indlela evulekile |
Ekuhlolweni kokulawulwa komhwamuko eRefinery, iphuzu liyindlela, hhayi inombolo: shono konke okokufaka, khombisa ukubala, bese uqhathanisa umphumela nomkhawulo wokuklama wokuhlola ukulawulwa komhwamuko eRefinery. Isibalo esisodwa esingasekelwe asikaze sishicilelwe njengokungathi iyiqiniso lephrojekthi yokuhlola ukulawulwa komhwamuko eRefinery.
Izindinganiso Nesisekelo Sokuhambisana
API 650, API 653, API 2000, NACE MR0175, amakhodi okuphepha kwenqubo yesizinda. Lezi zinkomba ezishicilelwe ziqinisekisa uhlobo lwophahla, isigaba sesivalo nesikhathi sokuhlola seRefinery; ziyisisekelo sobunjiniyela, hhayi ukulinganisa.
Isifinyezo Sokuqhathanisa
Isici | Lolu hlelo lokusebenza | Iphutha elivamile |
Isici | Umsebenzi weRefinery | Ithangi elijwayelekile |
Ukulawulwa komhwamuko | Kunqunywa ukuguquguquka kweRefinery | Kuvame ukunganakwa |
Uhlobo lophahla | Kuqhutshwa ububanzi nekhodi yeRefinery | Uphahla olungagxilile olujwayelekile |
Isigaba sesivalo | Kufaniswa nomthetho wezinto ezikhishwayo ezikhungweni zokuhlanza uphethiloli | Akucacisiwe |
Ukuhlolwa | API 650, API 653, API 2000, NACE MR0175, amakhodi okuphepha kwezinqubo zesizinda. isisekelo | Ngokwesikhathi esithile |
Izindlela Ezivamile Zokwehluleka
· Ezingcwabeni zokugcina ezikhungweni zokuhlanza uphethiloli, igebe lesivalo nokulingana kwedekhi kubangela ukulahleka komhwamuko; izivalo eziphindwe kabili nokulingana okuqinile kuyakunciphisa.
· Ezingcwabeni zokugcina ezikhungweni zokuhlanza uphethiloli ukugqwala kulawulwa nge-CP, izinto zokuvikela kanye nohlelo lokuhlola lwe-API 653.
· Imililo yezivalo zasemaphethelweni ezingcwabeni zokugcina ezikhungweni zokuhlanza uphethiloli iqala ekukhishweni kukagesi omile, umbani noma umsebenzi oshisayo; isigaba sesivalo, ukuxhumanisa kanye nezinhlelo zegwebu kulawula ingozi.
Izinto Zekhadi Ledatha Okufanele Zichazwe Kusukela Ekuqaleni
Into | Kungani |
Into | Kungani kubalulekile ezikhungweni zokuhlanza uphethiloli |
Umkhiqizo ogciniwe nengcindezi yomhwamuko | Kusetha uphahla nesigaba sesivalo |
Ububanzi bethangi nokushintshwa | Kusetha uhlobo lwedekhi nokuhamba komlenze |
Ikhodi yokuklama nomthetho wezinto ezikhishwayo | Kusetha indlela yokuhambisana |
Isigaba sesivalo sezikhungo zokuhlanza uphethiloli | Kusetha ukulawula umhwamuko nomlilo |
Isikhathi sokuhlola | Kubeka izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila |
Amaphutha Avamile Okucacisa
· Ukukhetha uhlobo lwophahla ngaphambi kokusho ukuguquguquka kwemboni yokuhlanza uphethiloli.
· Ukuphatha wonke amazinga emboni yokuhlanza uphethiloli njengomsebenzi owodwa.
· Ukucacisa isigaba sokuvikela ngaphandle komthetho wezinto ezikhishwayo embonini yokuhlanza uphethiloli.
· Ukunganaki ukuzungeza kwesigobho ngaphambi kokubeka indawo yemboni yokuhlanza uphethiloli.
Ukusekelwa Kobunjiniyela Nezinyathelo Ezilandelayo
Emgcinweni wemboni yokuhlanza uphethiloli, hlinzeka ngomkhiqizo ogciniwe, ukugxila, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi yomhwamuko, ikhodi yokuklama, ububanzi bethangi, ivolumu edingekayo kanye nokushintshwa. Unjiniyela ofanelekile bese ekhetha uhlobo lwophahla lwemboni yokuhlanza uphethiloli, indawo kanye nesigaba sokuvikela kanye nesisekelo sokuhlola esikhundleni sesiphakamiso esibanzi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Kuphahla oluntantayo kudingeka nini embonini yokuhlanza uphethiloli?
Uphahla oluntantayo luyadingeka lapho ukuguquguquka komkhiqizo, isitoko kanye nemithetho esebenzayo yokukhishwa komoya noma yomlilo yenza indawo yomhwamuko ibe yingozi yokulahlekelwa noma yokuphepha. E-Refinery lokhu kuhlolwa kusukela ekucindezelweni komhwamuko, ububanzi bethangi kanye nomthetho ofanele.
2. Uphahla lwangaphakathi noma lwangaphandle lwendawo yokuhluza uwoyela?
Uphahla oluntantayo lwangaphandle kumathangi amakhulu okucubungula, uphahla lwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwezindebe ezingagudluki ezikhona.
3. Iyiphi ikilasi lesivalo esisetshenziswa endaweni yokuhluza uwoyela?
Ikilasi lesivalo lilandela umthetho wokukhishwa kwegesi kanye nobungozi bomkhiqizo; izivalo zesibili ngokuvamile zifakwa emoyeni noma zifakwa oketshezini kuye ngomsebenzi kanye nokuchayeka kwe-LFL.
4. Yimiphi imigomo esebenza kumathangi anophahla oluntantayo endaweni yokuhluza uwoyela?
API 650, API 653, API 2000, NACE MR0175, imithetho yokuphepha kwezinqubo zendawo.
5. Ukulahleka komhwamuko kulawulwa kanjani?
Ukulahleka komhwamuko endaweni yokuhluza uwoyela kubangelwa igebe lesivalo nokulingana kwedekhi; izivalo eziphindwe kabili kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi.
6. Yisiphi isisekelo sokuhlola esisebenza?
Kumathangi anophahla oluntantayo endaweni yokuhluza uwoyela, i-API 653 ilawula ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza; phansi, indlebe, uphahla kanye nesivalo kuyahlolwa ngokwesisekelo sobungozi futhi kuhlelwe ngokomthetho.
7. Ingabe uphahla olufanayo lungasebenza imikhiqizo eminingi?
Kuphela lapho imikhiqizo yabelana ngamazinga okuguquguquka nokuhambisana; ngaphandle kwalokho ukuvaleleka nempahla kufanele kuqinisekiswe kabusha ngomkhiqizo ngamunye.
I-Floating Roof For Refinery And Petrochemical Service inqunywa umkhiqizo ogciniwe othile, ingcindezi yawo yomhwamuko, izinga lokushisa, indawo yokugqwala kanye nekhodi esebenzayo - hhayi umkhuba. Qala ngezimo zesevisi, uzihlanganise nohlobo olulungile lwe-floating-roof kanye nekilasi le-seal, bese uqinisekisa ukubekezelelana kwe-deck, i-seal kanye ne-shell ngokumelene nezinga elikhethiwe. Lapho kudingeka khona izilinganiso eziqondene nephrojekthi, inani lethangi noma umthamo, ziqinisekise ngokumelene nerekhodi lethangi eliqinisekisiwe ngaphambi kokuqedela ukucaciswa.
WhatsApp