Uphahla Oluntantayo Lwe-LNG Nezinsizakalo Ze-Cryogenic- Imikhawulo Engokoqobo
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Uphahla Oluntantayo Lwe-LNG Nezinsizakalo Ezibandayo- Imikhawulo Engokoqobo
I-LNG ibanda cishe ngo--162 C, ngakho-ke uphahla oluntantayo olujwayelekile alusetshenziswa; umkhawulo ongokoqobo uyisihloko sokuqondisa okucacile, okuboshelwe ezimweni. Uphahla oluntantayo alusetshenziswa ku-LNG; amathangi ezinto ezibandayo anezindonga ezimbili anokuphathwa kokuhwamuka uwubuchwepheshe obulungile. Ukukhetha kufanele kulandele izimo zensizakalo kanye nekhodi esebenzayo, hhayi ukuthanda okuzenzakalelayo.
Kungani Uphahla Oluntantayo Lusetshenziselwa I-LNG
I-LNG icindezelwe futhi isendaweni ebandayo cishe ku--162 C, ngakho-ke uphahla olujwayelekile oluntantayo alusetshenziswa; umkhawulo onengqondo uyisihloko somhlahlandlela ocacile, obophezelekile ngemibandela. Ideski lihamba phezu koketshezi futhi lisusa iningi lesikhala esingaphezulu okungashiywa uphahla olungagxilile phezu komkhiqizo, okuwumthombo omkhulu kakhulu wokulahleka kokuhwamuka nokuphepha kwe-LNG.
Ukukhetha Uphahla Lwangaphakathi Ngokuqhathaniswa Nolwangaphandle
Uphahla oluntantayo alusetshenziswa ku-LNG; amathangi e-cryogenic anezindonga ezimbili anokuphathwa kokuhwamuka uwubuchwepheshe obulungile. Ku-LNG, igobolondo osevele unalo kanye nobubanzi bephrojekthi ngokuvamile kuxazulula lokhu ngaphambi kwengxabano yomkhiqizo; ukukhetha kushintsha uhlobo lwedeski, izinga lokuvimbela, ukufinyelela kanye nesisekelo sokuhlola.
Isitatimende esithembekile kuphela yileso somngcele: izindinganiso zophahla oluntantayo ziyama eketshezi oluguquguqukayo olusemkhathini; i-LNG idinga umndeni wokugcina ohluke ngokuphelele.
Imikhawulo Yokusebenza Nezithiyo
Noma yikuphi ukukhulunywa ngophahla oluntantayo ku-LNG kufanele kusho izinga lokushisa nomkhawulo wezinto ngokucacile ukuze kugwenywe isiqondiso esingaphephile. Le mikhawulo ibeka uhlobo lwedeckhi, into yokuvala kanye nanoma yikuphi ukushisisa, ukumboza noma ukufaka ulayini okudingwa yi-LNG; ukukusho kuqala kugwema uphahla olungeke lukwazi ukumelana nomsebenzi.
Iphrofayela Yezingozi
Ukuphuka okubhrittle, ukubila nokugingqika yizingozi eziyinhloko zekhriyojeni; uphahla oluntantayo alubhekeli lezi zinto. Kwi-LNG ingozi ngayinye ihambisana nokulawula okuthile - isigaba sokuvaleleka, ukubopha, ukuqapha indawo yomphetho noma inqubo yokungena - hhayi inothi elijwayelekile lokuphepha.
Indlela Yokukhetha Nokuklama
Indlela ephindaphindekayo igcina ukukhetha kuvikelekile kumathangi afanayo:
1. Bopha ukukhetha ku-lng: qinisekisa umfutho wayo womhwamuko kanye nephuzu lokushisa elisheshayo ezingeni lokushisa langempela lokugcina, hhayi ezimweni ezijwayelekile.
2. Linganisa uhlobo lwedekhi nokuhamba komlenze kusukela kububanzi bethangi, ukuphenduka kanye nevolumu edingekayo ye-LNG.
3. Khetha okwangaphakathi noma okwangaphandle kusukela kugobolondo oselukhona kanye nomthetho wokukhishwa komoya osebenzayo.
4. Setha ikilasi lokusayina lokuqala nelesibili kusukela engcupheni ye-lng kanye nokuchayeka kwe-LFL okukudalayo.
5. Hlanganisa umklamo ne-API 620 Appendix Q, EN 14620, kanye namakhodi okugcina izinto ezibandayo. futhi lungisa isikhathi sokuhlola se-API 653 ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Uhlaka Lokulinganisa (Oluyisibonelo, Hhayi Isibalo Sephrojekthi)
Ekuhloleni kokulawula umhwamuko we-LNG, ubudlelwano obusetshenziswa ekuhloleni yilobu:
Ukulahlekelwa okulawulekayo okulinganiselwe kuyehla njengoba igebe lokuvala nokulingana kwedeckhi kuthuthuka; hlola nge: Ukulahlekelwa ∝ igebe × umjikelezo × isici sokucindezela komhwamuko.
Yonke imininingwane efakwayo ebhalwe ngezansi yokuhlola ukulawulwa komhwamuko we-LNG iyisibonelo kuphela - ikhombisa indlela kuphela futhi ayisona isibalo esikalwe emsebenzini wangempela wokuhlola ukulawulwa komhwamuko we-LNG; shintsha idatha yendawo eqinisekisiwe kuqala.
Okufakwayo | Inani eliyisibonelo | Kungani kubalulekile |
Igebe lokuvala (isibonelo) | 12 mm vs 6 mm | Ukwehlisa igebe ngesigamu kwehlisa ukulahlekelwa komphetho cishe ngesigamu |
Umjikelezo wethangi (isibonelo) | 200 m | Ibeke umjikelezo wokukhishwa |
Isici sokucindezela komhwamuko | Kuncike kumkhiqizo | Kushayela izinga, hhayi indlela |
Ikilasi lokuvimbela | Okukodwa vs okukabili | Ukuvimbela okukabili kunciphisa indlela evulekile |
Ekuhloleni ukulawulwa komhwamuko we-LNG isifundo yindlela eyandulela inombolo: chaza okokufaka, khombisa izibalo, bese ukuhlola ngokumelene nomkhawulo wokuklama wokuhlola ukulawulwa komhwamuko we-LNG. Isibalo esingasekelwe asikaze sikhombiswe njengenani lephrojekthi yokuhlola ukulawulwa komhwamuko we-LNG.
Isisekelo Sezindinganiso Nokuhambisana
I-API 620 Isengezo Q, i-EN 14620, namakhodi okuqukatha okubandayo. Lezi zinkomba ezishicilelwe ziqinisekisa uhlobo lwophahla, ikilasi lokuvimbela nesikhathi sokuhlola se-LNG; ziyisisekelo sobunjiniyela, hhayi ukuhlelwa.
Isifinyezo Sokuqhathanisa
Isici | Lolu hlelo lokusebenza | Iphutha elivamile |
Isici | Umsebenzi we-LNG | Ithangi elijwayelekile |
Ukulawulwa komhwamuko | Kunqunywa ukuguquguquka kwe-lng | Kuvame ukunganakwa |
Uhlobo lophahla | Kushayelwa ububanzi nekhodi ye-lng | Uphahla olungagxiliwe ngokujwayelekile |
Ikilasi lokuvimbela | Kufaniswa nomthetho wokukhishwa kwe-lng | Akucacisiwe |
Ukuhlolwa | I-API 620 Isengezo Q, i-EN 14620, kanye namakhodi okuqukatha i-cryogenic. isisekelo | Ngokwesikhathi |
Izindlela Zokwehluleka Ezivamile
· Ezingcwabeni ze-LNG, igebe lesivalo nokulingana kwedekhi kubangela ukulahleka komhwamuko; izivalo eziphindwe kabili nokulingana okuqinile kuyakunciphisa.
· Ezingcwabeni ze-LNG, ukugqwala kwaphansi nendawo yomngcele kubanjwa yi-CP, izinto zokumboza kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-API 653.
· Ezingcwabeni ze-LNG imililo yomngcele iqala ngokukhishwa kukagesi omile, umbani noma umsebenzi oshisayo, ngakho isigaba sesivalo, ukuxhumanisa kanye nokumboza nge-foam kuyizinto zokulawula ingozi.
Izinto Zeshidi Ledatha Okufanele Zichazwe Kusukela Ekuqaleni
Into | Kungani |
Into | Kungani kubalulekile ku-LNG |
Umkhiqizo ogciniwe nengcindezi yomhwamuko | Kubeka isigaba sophahla nesivalo |
Ububanzi bethangi nokushintshwa | Kubeka uhlobo lwedekhi nokuhamba komlenze |
Ikhodi yokuklama nomthetho wokukhishwa | Kubeka indlela yokuhambisana |
Isigaba sesivalo se-lng | Kubeka ukulawula umhwamuko nomlilo |
Isikhathi sokuhlolwa | Kubeka izindleko zomjikelezo wempilo |
Amaphutha Avamile Okucacisa
· Ukukhetha uhlobo lwophahla ngaphambi kokusho ukuguquguquka kwe-lng.
· Ukuthatha wonke amazinga e-lng njengomsebenzi owodwa.
· Ukucacisa isigaba sokufakwa kwezimpawu ngaphandle komthetho wokukhishwa kwe-lng.
· Ukushaya indiva ukuzungeza kwegobolondo ngaphambi kokusetha idekhi ye-LNG.
Ukusekelwa Kobunjiniyela Nezinyathelo Ezilandelayo
Ekugcineni kwe-LNG, yabelana ngegama lomkhiqizo nokugxila kwawo, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, ingcindezi yomhwamuko, ikhodi yokuklama, ububanzi bethangi, ivolumu kanye nokushintshwa. Unjiniyela bese eqinisekisa uhlobo lwophahla lokugcina i-LNG, idekhi nesigaba sokufakwa kwezimpawu kanye nesisekelo sokuhlola esikhundleni sesincomo esisodwa esifanayo kubo bonke.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Luthini lapho kudingeka uphahla oluntantayo lwe-lng?
Uphahla oluntantayo luyadingeka lapho ukuguquguquka komkhiqizo, isitoko kanye nomthetho okhishwayo noma womlilo osebenzayo kwenza indawo yomhwamuko ibe yingozi yokulahlekelwa noma yokuphepha. Kwi-LNG lokhu kuhlolwa kusukela kungcindezi yomhwamuko, ububanzi bethangi kanye nomthetho ofanele.
2. Uphahla lwangaphakathi noma lwangaphandle lwe-LNG?
Uphahla oluntantayo alusetshenziswa ku-LNG; amathangi e-cryogenic anezindonga ezimbili anokuphathwa kwe-boil-off yiwona ubuchwepheshe obulungile.
3. Iyiphi ikilasi le-seal elisetshenziswa ku-LNG?
Ikilasi le-seal lilandela umthetho wezinto ezikhishwayo kanye nobungozi bomkhiqizo; ama-seal esibili ngokuvamile afakwa emoyeni noma afakwa oketshezini kuye ngomsebenzi kanye nokuchayeka kwe-LFL.
4. Yimiphi imigomo esebenza kumathangi e-LNG anophahla oluntantayo?
I-API 620 Isengezo Q, i-EN 14620, kanye namakhodi e-cryogenic containment.
5. Ukulahleka komhwamuko kulawulwa kanjani?
Ukulahleka komhwamuko ku-LNG kubangelwa igebe le-seal kanye nokulingana kwedekhi; ama-seal amabili kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile kunciphisa izinto ezikhishwayo.
6. Yisiphi isisekelo sokuhlola esisebenzayo?
Isisekelo sokuhlola samathangi e-LNG anophahla oluntantayo yi-API 653 lapho esetshenziswa; isimo saphansi, ugobolondo, uphahla kanye ne-seal kukalwa ngobungozi ngesikhathi esibekwe yikhodi.
7. Ingabe uphahla olufanayo lungasebenza imikhiqizo eminingi?
Kuphela lapho imikhiqizo yabelana ngamazinga okuguquguquka nokuhambisana; ngaphandle kwalokho ukusivala nempahla kufanele kuqinisekiswe kabusha ngomkhiqizo ngamunye.
I-Floating Roof Ye-LNG Nezinkonzo Ze-Cryogenic- Imikhawulo Engokoqobo inqunywa umkhiqizo ogciniwe othile, ingcindezi yawo yomhwamuko, izinga lokushisa, indawo yokugqwala kanye nekhodi esebenzayo - hhayi umkhuba. Qala ngezimo zokusevisa, uzihlanganise nohlobo olufanele lwe-floating-roof kanye nekilasi lesiliva, bese uqinisekisa ukubekezelelana kwedekhi, isiliva kanye nogobolondo ngokumelene nezinga elikhethiwe. Lapho kudingeka ubukhulu obuthile bephrojekthi, inani lamathangi noma umthamo, qinisekisa lokho ngokumelene nerekhodi lethangi eliqinisekisiwe ngaphambi kokuqedela incazelo.
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