Ukukalwa Kwethangi Lamanzi Okucisha Umlilo kanye Nokucatshangelwa Kokwakhiwa
Kwadalwa ngo 01.19
Ukukala nokwakhiwa kwamathangi amanzi okucisha umlilo
Ithangi lamanzi okucisha umlilo kufanele libambe umthamo ozothathwa yisivikelo esifakiwe emcimbini wokuklama: indawo evikelwe iphindwe ngobukhulu bokufafaza okuklanyelwe iphindwe yisikhathi esidingekayo, kuhlanganiswe nanoma yikuphi ukunikezwa kwamanzi e-hose, kususwe lokho umthombo kamasipala ongakunikela ngakho ngaleso sikhathi. Ukwakhiwa kulandela uketshezi hhayi umdrama: indawo yokugcina amanzi okucisha umlilo ehlanzekile ifanele igobolondo le-hot-dip galvanized ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 ngesabelomali esincane, kuyilapho umsebenzi wokuphuza noma owabiwe udinga i-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS ehlolwe ngengaphakathi le-glass-fused-to-steel. Ithangi, iphampu, ilungiselelo le-jockey kanye ne-alamu yezinga iyisistimu eyodwa futhi kufanele kucaciswe ndawonye.
Ithangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo lilinganiswa kanye, esigabeni sokuklama, bese kuncikeka kulo iminyaka engamashumi amathathu elandelayo ngaphandle kokuthi kube nomuntu obheka ngaphakathi. Leyo nhlanganisela iyisizathu esenza ukuthi izitshalo eziningi zithole ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu ukuthi ithangi lincane kunesidingo se-sprinkler, ukuthi i-level switch ibilokhu ifunda i-foam iminyaka emibili, noma ukuthi ipayipi lokudonsa ligqwalile libe udonga oluncane kunalokho okwakushiwo imidwebo. Izibalo zokulinganisa zijwayelekile; okonakalayo ukuxhumana phakathi kwethangi, iphampu kanye nokuhlinzekwa kokugcwalisa, kanye nokucabanga ukuthi ingaphakathi lethangi lizoziphatha njengensimbi entsha iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
Indlela Umthamo Otholakala Ngayo
Qala ekulondolozweni okukhona, hhayi ethangini elingena egcekeni. Indlela yokusebenza iwukuthatha ukuminyana kokuklama kwesigaba sengozi, uphindaphinde ngesizinda esivikelwayo leso simiso esisihlanganisayo, uphindaphinde ngesikhathi esidingekayo salokho kuhlala, bese ususa noma yini umgwaqo wamanzi kamasipala noma wenqubo ongayiletha ngesikhathi sokucisha umlilo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Engeza izibonelelo zomfula wamapayipi lapho ukuklama kokuvikela kuzifaka khona. Umphumela yivolumu okufanele ithangi liyigcine ngesikhathi somcimbi, futhi kufanele ifake imajini yokuhlolwa nokunakekelwa kanye neleveli ekhuphuka kancane uma iphampu ye-jockey ingasebenzi. I-NFPA 22 ihlanganisa amathangi okuhlinzeka ngamanzi e-sprinkler kanti i-NFPA 20 ihlanganisa ukufakwa kwephampu yomlilo engashintshi, futhi iziphathimandla zendawo ngokuvamile zikwamukela lokho njengesisekelo.
Imininingwane yokukala evame ukushiywa
Isikhathi, hhayi ukuminyana, yisona sibalo esimangaza abantu. Indawo yehhovisi enobungozi obuncane ingase idinge imizuzu engamashumi amathathu kuphela, kuyilapho imboni enenkinga ephezulu kanye nesidingo sepayipi izofinyelela emahoreni amabili noma ngaphezulu, futhi umehluko womthamo odingekayo uphindwe izikhathi ezimbalwa. Ezinye izinto ezimbili zifanele zifakwe esibalweni: ithangi kufanele libambe umthamo ngisho noma ukunikezwa okujwayelekile kwehluleka, ngakho uma indawo incike emseleni wamanzi wenqubo ukuze igcwalise, lokho kuncika kufanele kubhalwe ngokucacile; futhi izinga eliphansi elisebenzisekayo kufanele liphakame ngokwanele ukuthi ukudonsa kwepompo kungawi ngaphansi kwenhloko yokudonsa ephezulu edingekayo ngesikhathi samanzi ashisayo kakhulu onyakeni. Uma uthola lezo zinto ezimbili kabi, ithangi lizoba nenani elifanele lamamitha ayikhyubhu ipompo engakwazi ukuwasebenzisa.
Ukwakhiwa kwethangi ngokomsebenzi
Ithangi lokugcina lomlilo ligcina amanzi amile, ahlanzekile, avamise ukuba mafudumele kancane iminyaka eminingi, futhi lokho kuyinkinga yokugqwala. Amanzi anganyakazi neze ayisimo esibi kakhulu kugobolondo lensimbi, ngoba indawo engaphezulu ecishe imile ikhulisa inqwaba futhi indandatho ephezulu ibona ukujiya okugcwele umoya-mpilo. Ithangi eline-hot-dip galvanized ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 lincike ekuvikelweni komhlatshelo we-zinc futhi liyimpendulo engabizi kakhulu yendawo yokugcina umlilo ekhethekile lapho amanzi engaphuzeki. Ithangi le-glass-fused-to-steel lihlanganisa ungqimba lwe-enamel olungu-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, elilinganiswe ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², elingasebenzi kulo lonke uhla lwe-pH 1 kuya ku-14, liqeda nge-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm, futhi lihlola iphaneli ngayinye nge-spark test ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa; lokho kuyisinqumo lapho indawo yokugcina umlilo yabelana ngomsebenzi nokunikezwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo, lapho indawo iseduze nogu futhi inamachloride, noma lapho amanzi kufanele ahlangabezane nemithetho yamanzi okuphuza vele. Ukuqashelwa kwe-FM kanye nokulinganiswa okubhekiselwe ku-NFPA kuyisakhiwo esivamile sokugunyazwa.
Ukuxhumana kwephampu nethangi
Ithangi alinamsebenzi uma uhlangothi lwepompo lwaklanywa omunye umkhakha. Cacisa ilungiselelo lokudonsa, amavalvu okuhlukanisa, ukuxhumana kokuhlolwa kokugeleza kanye nesilinganisi sokudonsa kanye nethangi. Ipompo yomlilo kufanele ikwazi ukudonsa ngezinga lokugeleza eliklanyelwe kusukela ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu elirekhodiwe lethangi, ngakho amapayipi okudonsa kanye nezinga lepompo kubalulekile njengomthamo wethangi. Engeza ipompo ye-jockey noma ipompo yokugcina izinga ezinhlelweni ezivuzayo kancane, i-alamu yezinga eliphezulu neliphansi kumathuluzi ahlukene, kanye ne-alamu yezinga eliphansi kakhulu evala inqubo kunokuba imane nje yazise. Lapho ithangi lihlezi ngaphezu kwepompo, ukugeleza ngamandla adonsela phansi kuthuthukisa isimo sokudonsa; lapho lihlezi ngaphansi, biza ukukhushulwa kokudonsa ngokweqiniso.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ifektri incibilikiswe epaneleni lensimbi |
Ukujiya kwe-enamel coating | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ingaphakathi elingasebenzi, i-pH 1–14 |
Amandla wengqimba ye-enamel | ≥ 3,450 N/cm² | Bending and impact resistance |
Spark test voltage | 1500 V DC | Iphaneli ngayinye, ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Izinga le-galvanizing | GB/T 13912-2020 | I-hot-dip, amanzi ahlanzekile agcinelwe umlilo |
Ukuqhubeka kobuso | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukungcola okuncane emanzini agciniwe |
Izinga lebhawodi | 8.8 | I-torque erekhodwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ iminyaka engama-30 | Ngesistimu yangaphakathi ecacisiwe |
Ukudweba I-Specification
Bhala umkhakha womlilo njengengxenye eyodwa: ukubalwa komthamo nokuminyana kwawo, indawo, isikhathi kanye nokucatshangelwa kokugcwaliswa okushiwo embhalweni; ukwakhiwa kwethangi nengaphakathi kanye nokugunyazwa kwalo; iphampu, i-jockey kanye nama-valve; izinsimbi zokulinganisa izinga kanye nohlelo lwama-alamu; ukuvikelwa ekubandeni lapho isimo sezulu sikudinga khona; ukuchichima kanye nomsele; kanye nohlelo lokuhlola olunesikhathi esimisiwe sokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi. Funa umkhiqizi athumele isimo somthwalo wesisekelo, futhi afune ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwephampu ngemva kokuqaliswa ukuze ukusebenza okufakiwe kube sematheni kunokuba kucatshangwe. Bese ucacisa ukuthi ithangi lizohlolwa ngaphakathi ngesikhathi esimisiwe, ngoba ithangi lamanzi omlilo elingakaze livulwe ithangi okungekho muntu ongalifakazela.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Isitoreji samanzi okucisha umlilo | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS, amayunithi ama-2 | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + isiqondiso sokufaka |
Amanzi okucisha umlilo e-galvanized | Congo | Ithangi lensimbi le-galvanized | 566 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + isiqondiso sokufaka |
Isitoreji samanzi esinobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugadwa |
Amandla obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2008 yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ngemsebenzi wokuvikela umlilo lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusekelwa kwesilinganiso esibhekiselwa ku-NFPA, ingaphakathi le-galvanized ne-enamel elingenhla, ukugcinwa kwamanzi omlilo okwaziwa yi-FM lapho kudingeka, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sezinga kanye nezingcingo zokuxwayisa ezicaciswe neqokobhe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ubani obala umthamo wamanzi omlilo odingekayo?
Impendulo 1: Ngokuvamile umklami wokuvikela, obese esho umthamo kumhlinzeki wethangi. Encazelweni, funa ukuminyana, indawo, isikhathi kanye nanoma yimuphi umnikelo wokugcwalisa kabusha kubhalwe phansi, ngoba lezo yizibalo izingxabano zakamuva ezimayelana nazo.
Umbuzo 2: Kungani kukhulunywa nge-NFPA 22 ne-NFPA 20?
Impendulo 2: I-NFPA 22 ihlanganisa amathangi okuhlinzeka ngamanzi e-sprinkler kanti i-NFPA 20 ihlanganisa ukufakwa kwamaphampu omlilo angashintshi. Ziyisisekelo esijwayelekile sokulinganisa kanye nokuxhumana kwephampu nethangi emisebenzini eminingi yezimboni neyezentengiselwano.
Umbuzo 3: Ingabe insimbi ye-galvanized ilungele ithangi lamanzi omlilo?
Impendulo 3: Yebo kumanzi ahlanzekile, agcinelwe umlilo kuphela, ngaphansi kwe-GB/T 13912-2020. Ayilungele lapho amanzi ephuzwayo, ane-asidi noma ane-chloride ephezulu, futhi kulezo zimo ingaphakathi le-glass-fused-to-steel noma le-stainless liyilo elilungile.
Umbuzo 4: Ngingawavimbela kanjani amanzi ukuthi angami?
Impendulo 4: Ngokujikeleza ngezikhathi ezithile noma nge-jockey pump egcina izinga, ukwelashwa okugunyaziwe kwasendaweni noma ukugezwa okubhaliwe, kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuma kwamanzi yikho okuguqula ithangi elihlanzekile libe yithangi elinukayo neligqwala.
Umbuzo 5: Kungani i-jockey pump ibalulekile?
A5: Ngoba uhlelo lomlilo luvuza kancane phakathi kokuhlolwa futhi ithangi elehlela ezingeni eliphansi ngeke ligcwale lapho kwenzeka isigameko. Ipompo encane ye-jockey igcina izinga elijwayelekile ukuze isipele sihlale siphelele.
Q6: Kufanele ihlolwe kangaki ithangi lamanzi omlilo?
A6: Ngaphandle okungenani minyaka yonke, futhi ngaphakathi njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu noma noma nini lapho ithuluzi lezinga lingathembekile. Bhala izinga lekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nezinga eliphansi elirekhodiwe njengengxenye yelogi.
Ithangi lamanzi okucisha umlilo lizuzisa ngokuba nomthamo ofanele, lakhiwe ngaphakathi okufanele, futhi ligcinwe ligcwele futhi lisetshenziseka ngohlangothi lwepompo. Ukukalwa kwalo kulandela ukuminyana, indawo, isikhathi kanye nokugcwaliswa; ukwakhiwa kwalo kulandela ukuthi amanzi ayaphuzeka, ahlanzekile noma ane-chloride. Cacisa ithangi, ipompo, izixwayiso zezinga kanye nesikhathi sokuhlola njengephakethe elilodwa, futhi ufune ukuthi ukubalwa komthamo kuboniswe embhalweni kunokuba kufingqwe. Lokho kuyimehluko phakathi kwethangi elisemdwebeni kanye nendawo yokugcina ongayivikela.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele indawo evikelwe kanye nesigaba sengozi, ukuminyana kwesifutho esiklanyelwe kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo, noma yikuphi ukunikezwa komfula wepayipi, umnikelo wokugcwalisa okutholakalayo ngesikhathi somcimbi, imfuneko yekhwalithi yamanzi, isimo sezulu sendawo kanye nezimvume ezidingekayo. Uzothola ukuhlolwa kwevolumu, inketho yomzila wokwakha, inothi lokuxhumana kwepompo kanye nephakethe eliphelele lokudweba kanye nokugunyazwa.
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