Ukuvikelwa Ekubandeni Kwethangi Lamanzi Omlilo: Izindlela Zokushisa Nezimo Zokwehluleka
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ukuvikelwa Kokuqandeka Kwethangi Lamanzi Omlilo: Izindlela Zokushisisa Nezimo Zokwehluleka
Ukuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo akusikho ukukhethwa kwesifudumezi; kuyisisekelo esishiwo sendawo yasebusika kanye nokuziphatha okuqanjiwe lapho umthombo wamandla wehluleka. I-NFPA 22 iqala imfuneko yokushisisa kusukela ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lesilinganiso sosuku olulodwa endaweni, futhi lapho leso sibalo sehla ngaphansi kuka-5°F (-15°C) kudingeka uhlelo lokushisisa ngokujikeleza kwamanzi. Izinhlelo ezinhlanu zihlanganisa amathangi amaningi afakiwe: ukujikeleza ngamandla adonsela phansi ngomthombo wokushisa wangaphandle, irediyetha yesitimu, amakhoyili esitimu acwiliswe, ukujikeleziswa kwamanzi ngesishintshi sokushisa, kanye nezifudumezi zikagesi ezicwiliswe. Ngayinye yehluleka ngendlela yayo. Uhlelo lokujikeleza luyeka ukudlulisa ukushisa ngesikhathi iphampu ima, uhlelo lwesitimu luphelelwa ukushisa ngaphambi kwethangi, futhi izifudumezi zikagesi ezicwiliswe zilahlekelwa umsebenzi wonke lapho ukunikezwa okukodwa kwehluleka. Ngakho-ke isicaciso kufanele sithwale izinto ezintathu: isisekelo sendawo kanye nomthombo waso, indlela yokushisisa kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okuncike kukho, kanye nobufakazi obukhombisa ukuthi amanzi avikelwe ngesikhathi sokuqalisa futhi aqinisekiswa kabusha ngaphambi kobusika ngabunye, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Kungani ithangi elibandiwe kuyihluleka komthamo, hhayi ihluleka lokushisa
Ithangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo eliqandile alikaze lehluleke ngokubonakalayo. Uqweqwe lwalo luphelele, i-coating ayilimele, futhi ithangi lisanalo umthamo walo obhalwe ku-nameplate. Okushodayo ingxenye ebalulekile: amanzi iphampu yomlilo engawadonsa. Iqhwa lithatha umthamo omkhulu kunoketshezi elakhiwe kulo, ngakho ithangi eliqandile ngokwengxenye lilahlekelwa umthamo osebenzisekayo ohlangothini loketshezi futhi, futhi iphethini yokuqanda inquma ukuthi yini ehlala ikwazi ukudonswa. Iphampu edonsa udaka noma umoya ohamba namanzi ilahlekelwa amandla okuyidonsa, futhi isiqiwu obekufanele sihlale isikhathi esithile asihlali. Ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa ekuqandeni kuwumbuzo womthamo, oxazululwa kanye esisekelweni sokuklama, hhayi inkinga yokusebenza elawulwa njalo ebusika, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa ekuqandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Isisekelo sendawo esibeka imfuneko
Isidingo sikhushulwa inombolo okufanele isayithi ikhiqize yona, hhayi incazelo evamile yesimo sezulu. I-NFPA 22 isebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi elilinganiselwe losuku olulodwa njengereferensi yokuklama yasebusika yamathangi okugcina amanzi, futhi lapho lelo nani lihla ngaphansi kuka-5°F (-15°C) kudingeka uhlelo lokushisisa olujikelezayo lwamanzi ukuze amanzi agciniwe ahlale ngaphezu kwephuzu lapho ayeka ukusebenziseka khona. Incazelo kufanele iveze isibalo, irekhodi elivela kuso, kanye nedokhumenti okufanele kubhekwe kuyo minyaka yonke. Ezinye izibalo ezimbili zihambisana nalo: izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu elirekhodiwe, kanye nobude baleso sikhathi sokwehla okungazelelwe, okunquma ukuthi ukushisa okugcinwe emanzini kungakwazi yini ukubhulunga. Umthwalo olandelayo uyibhalansi yokushisa ye-envelope, futhi okokufaka okungezansi kuyizibonelo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi omlilo.
Okokufaka kokulinganisela kokushisa | Inani eliyisibonelo | Lokho elikumele |
Umthamo wamanzi agciniwe | 400 m³ | Inani lamanzi agcina ukushisa |
Indawo yokudluliswa kokushisa kwekhava | 210 m² | Igobolondo nophahla, okucatshangelwayo |
Isilinganiso sokudluliswa kokushisa | 8 W/m²K | Igobolondo lensimbi elihlotshisiwe, okucatshangelwayo |
Ukushisa kwasebusika okumisiwe | -20 °C | Isimo sendawo, isibonelo |
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi eligcinwayo | +5 °C | Okuhlosiwe ngaphezu kokuganda |
Ukulahleka kokushisa okuklanyelwe | 42 kW | I-coefficient × indawo × umehluko wokushisa |
Izinhlelo ezinhlanu zokushisa nokuthi ngayinye incike kuni
Izinhlelo ezinhlanu zihlanganisa cishe sonke isibalo sabantu abafakiwe, futhi ukukhetha ngokuvamile kuxazululwa yingqalasizinda yamandla isiza esivele sinayo kunokusebenza kuphela. Ukujikeleza kwamandla adonsela phansi kuhambisa amanzi ethangini ngomthombo wokushisa wangaphandle bese kubuyela emuva. Iradiyetha yesitimu ishisa ngaphakathi kwegobolondo isebenzisa uhlelo lwesitimu lwesakhiwo. Amakhoyili esitimu acwiliswe aletha ukushisa endaweni ngokuphakelwa kwesitimu okufakwe emapayipini ethangini. Ukuphindaphinda kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa isishintshi sokushisa kufaneleka amagobolondo amakhulu, futhi kungasebenzela amagobolondo amaningi kusekethe eyodwa. Izishisi zikagesi ezicwiliswayo zilula kakhulu ukufaka futhi zivezwa kakhulu, ngoba wonke umsebenzi uhlezi ekunikezelweni kukagesi okukodwa, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Uhlelo | Ukulethwa kokushisa | Ukuncika okuyisisekelo |
Ukujikeleza kwamandla adonsela phansi | Isifudumezi sangaphandle noma isishintshisi sokushisa, iluphu edonswa iphampu | Iphampu yokujikeleza kanye namapayipi |
Iradiyetha yomusi | Umusi wesakhiwo oya eradini yangaphakathi | Umusi wendawo kanye nezicu zokubamba umusi |
Amakhoyili omusi acwiliswe | Umusi ohamba ngamapayipi oya emakhoyilini angaphakathi kwesikhwama | Ukuhlinzekwa ngomusi kanye nengcindezi yekhoyili |
Ukujikeleza kabusha ngesishintshisi sokushisa | Iluphu yephampu edlula esishintshisini sokushisa, isikhwama esisodwa noma ngaphezulu | Umsebenzi wephampu, isishintshisi sokushisa, izilawuli |
Izifudumezi zikagesi ezicwiliswe | Izinto zikagesi ezikhanyiswa ngqo emanzini | Ukuhlinzekwa ngogesi kanye nezinto zikagesi |
Ukuziphatha lapho kuphelelwa ugesi okufanele kubalulwe kuhlelo ngalunye
Zonke izinhlelo zokuhlela zinesimo esisodwa esiyinhloko sokwehluleka, futhi incazelo kufanele isho kusengaphambili, ngoba impendulo iyisinqumo sokusebenza hhayi imininingwane yokuklama. Uhlelo lokujikeleza lulahlekelwa ukudluliswa kwakho kokushisa ngesikhathi iphampu ima, bese amanzi ehlala enganyakazi, okuyisimo esingasizi neze ngoba ukudluliswa kokushisa ngokujikeleza kwamanzi yikho okuthwala ukushisa kusuka enkabeni kuya emgodini. Uhlelo lomusi lulahlekelwa ukushisa lapho umusi ungekho, futhi isizathu kungase kube ukwehluleka kwenye indawo esizeni. Izishisisi zikagesi zokucwilisa zivame ukwehluleka ndawonye, zabelana ngokuhlinzekwa kukagesi kanye nesekethe yokulawula, ngakho-ke i-breaker eyodwa ephukile isusa wonke umsebenzi wokushisa ngesigameko esisodwa, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa kokugwadla kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Ukujikeleza: cacisa amaphampu omsebenzi kanye awokulinda, noma umthombo wokushisa ozimele, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Umusi: qinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lomusi lunokuzimela kwalo, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Ukujikeleziswa: qapha ukugeleza kanye nezinga lokushisa, ngoba ukugeleza okuphansi kushiya isilinganisi sibanda, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Ukucwiliswa: hlukanisa izakhi phakathi kwemijikelezo ukuze ukwehluleka kokunikezwa okukodwa kungabi umsebenzi wonke, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Wonke amalungiselelo: shono ukuthi amanzi ahlala isikhathi esingakanani esebenziseka ngemva kokulahlekelwa umthombo, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Ukugcwalisa ithangi nokulibeka ngaphakathi endlini
Amanye amathuba amabili asusa ithangi endaweni embi kakhulu yezemvelo, futhi womabili anezindleko okufanele ukucaciswa kuzibale esikhundleni sokuzithola. Ithangi eligqitshwe ngaphansi lihlala ngaphansi komugqa weqhwa, lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lilinganiswa khona futhi lizinzile kakhulu kunezinga lokushisa lomoya, ngakho-ke isivikelo sivela ebunyeni benhlabathi futhi asikho umthombo wamandla ongahluleka. Izijeziso ziwukumba, indawo ezungezile egcina amanzi, umgwaqo wokungena ofinyelelekayo, izinhlinzeko zokugcina ingaphakathi lomile, kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhukhuleka lapho izinga lamanzi liphezulu. Amapayipi okuxhuma asahamba ngaphezu komugqa weqhwa engxenyeni ethile yomzila wawo oya endlini yamaphampu, futhi yilawo mapayipi lapho ithangi eligqitshwe ngaphansi livame ukwehlulwa khona. Ithangi elingaphakathi endlini ligwema umbuzo wezemvelo wangaphandle kodwa libeka umthwalo wokushisa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, lapho izinga lokushisa elifanele kuyisimo segumbi, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa kweqhwa kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Kungani ukufaka izinto zokuvikela ukushisa kubambezela ukubanda kodwa kungakuvimbeli
Ukufakwa kwezinto ezingavumeli ukushisa ukudlula kuyingxenye esemthethweni yomklamo futhi ngokuvamile kunconywa ngokwedlula lokho engakwenza. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo ukubambezela: isembozo esifakwe kahle futhi esivalwe ngendlela efanele sinciphisa izinga lokulahlekelwa ukushisa ukuze ukushisa okugcinwe emanzini kuhlanganise isikhathi esifushane sokubanda. Akushintshi ukulingana, ngoba uma kunikezwa isikhathi esanele ithangi lisazothambekela endaweni ezungezile, futhi leso sikhathi siwumsebenzi womthamo, indawo engaphezulu, isilinganiso sokudluliswa kokushisa kanye nokujikeleza kwangaphakathi. Ukufakwa kwezinto ezingavumeli ukushisa kuthola indawo yako kakhulu lapho amanzi esezingeni eliphansi noma eliphakathi, lapho isisindo esigcina ukushisa sincane kakhulu, futhi kubaluleke kancane ethangini eligcwele. Ukusebenza kuncike futhi ekuqhubekeni, ngakho isivalo esikhulu sophahla noma indawo yokungena yesekethe yokushisa inciphisa umphumela ukwedlula ukufakwa kwezinto ezingavumeli ukushisa kwesembozo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi omlilo.
· Kubaluleke kakhulu kugobolondo nophahla lwethangi eligcwele ingxenye, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Ukuqhubeka emasangweni, ezimpongweni nasezindaweni zokungena kubalulekile njengokuvikela ukushisa kugobolondo, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Ukuvikela ukushisa akusona isikhundla sokushisisa lapho ukubanda okukhulu kudlula isikhathi sokuxhumanisa, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Ubufakazi bokuqinisekisa obukhombisa ukuthi amanzi avikelekile
Ukuvikelwa ekubandeni kufakazelwa ukuhlolwa, hhayi ngepuleti legama elisesifudumezini. Ukulandelana kokugunyazwa kufanele kubonise ukuthi uhlelo lukhuphula amanzi afinyelele izinga lokushisa eligcinwayo futhi awagcine esimweni sokuklanywa, ukuthi izindawo zokulawula zilungile, ukuthi izixwayiso zimenyezwa lapho zizobonakala khona, nokuthi ilungiselelo lokusekela liqala futhi lithathe izintambo lapho licelwa. Ohlelweni lokujikeleza lokhu kusho ukusebenzisa iphampu nokuqinisekisa ukugeleza. Ohlelweni lomusi kusho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umusi ufinyelela isidlulisimfucuza nokuthi isicupho sidlulisa i-condensate. Ezifudumezini zokucwilisa kusho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhi ziyakhanyisa, ukuthi zisatshalaliswa hhayi ukugxilisa, nokuthi ilungiselelo lokuhlinzeka lihambisana nesicaciso, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Qopha izinga lokushisa lamanzi endaweni ebanda kakhulu, hhayi kuphela endaweni yokushisisa, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekugxineni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Qinisekisa ukugeleza kokujikeleza noma ukugeleza komusi, hhayi kuphela ukuthi umthombo wokushisa unamandla, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekugxineni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Hlola isexwayiso lapho umsebenzi womsebenzi wangempela ekhona, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekugxineni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Hlola ilungiselelo lokusekela ngaphansi kokulahlekelwa okulingisiwe kokunikezwa okuyisisekelo, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekugxineni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Ukuqinisekisa kabusha kwaminyaka yonke: okufanele kuhlolwe ngaphambi kobusika ngabunye
Uhlelo lokushisa olufakazelwe kanye ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa ekusebenzeni alunakufakazelwa isizini elandelayo, futhi ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesizini kufushane ngokwanele ukuba kufakwe ohlelweni lwesimiso sokunakekela. Izinto eziwohlokayo yizo ezifanele ukufakwa ohlwini. Amaphuzu okulawula ayashintshashintsha. Amabhethri e-alamu namasekhethi okusekela ahluleka ngokuthule. Isici sokushisa siyasha ngesikhathi lapho ithangi lalingasetshenziswa. Iphampu, i-trap noma ivalvu ishiywa ingasebenzi ngemva kokulungiswa futhi ayibuyiselwa. I-insulation noma isivalo sokungena sishiywa sivulekile ngemva komsebenzi. Ukuhlolwa kufanele futhi kuqinisekise izinga lamanzi, ngoba ithangi elingenalutho alinamandla okushisa okungabamba ukushisa. Umphumela kufanele ube yirekhodi elisayiniwe ngaphambi kwesizini yokubanda, ligcinwe kanye nefayela lokuhlolwa kwethangi, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Izindawo zokulawula nezokushisa eziqinisekisiwe ngokumelene namavelu omshwilo, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekugxineni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Isexwayiso nokunikezwa kokusekela kuhloliwe, hhayi nje ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi kukhona, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekugxineni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
· Izinto, amaphampu, izicupho namavalvu kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi asebenza, njengoba kuchaziwe ekulweni nokugwamba kwamanzi omlilo ethangini.
· Izinga lamanzi liqinisekisiwe ngokuhambisana nokucatshangelwa komklamo, njengoba kuchaziwe ekulweni nokugwamba kwamanzi omlilo ethangini.
Isifinyezo sendlela yokwehluleka kanye nokucaciswa okukuvalele
Isifinyezo esingezansi siyidokhumenti yokusebenza yethenda: umugqa ngamunye uyisimo esingenzeka, umphumela esinawo emthonjeni wokugcina, kanye nesigatshana okufanele sivele ekucacisweni. Isidingo sokuvikela ekugwameni asivalwa ngokusho indlela yokushisa kodwa ngokusho isisekelo sendawo ezungezile, ukuncika kwamandla, iphuzu lokusetha isexwayiso kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesizini, njengoba kuchaziwe ekulweni nokugwamba kwamanzi omlilo ethangini.
Umcimbi | Umthelela emthonjeni wokugcina | Impendulo yokucaciswa |
Akukho ukushisa nhlobo | Amanzi asondela endaweni ezungezile futhi ayagwamba | Isimo se-ambient, izinga lokushisa eligcinwayo, iphoyinti lokusetha i-alamu |
Iphampu yokujikeleza imisiwe | Ukudluliswa kokushisa kuyama, ithangi lihlala linganyakazi | Amaphampu omsebenzi nawokulinda, ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza, i-alamu yokushisa ophansi |
Ukulahlekelwa ukuhlinzekwa ngesitimu | Akukho kokokufaka ukushisa, ukulahlekelwa ngaphambi kwethangi | Qinisekisa ukweqile kokuhlinzekwa ngesitimu noma umthombo ozimele |
Ukulahlekelwa ukuhlinzekwa ngogesi | Ama-immersion heater aphelile, isiqinisekiso asivikelekile | Hlukanisa izakhi phakathi kwemijikelezo, ukunikezwa okusekelwe kujeneretha |
Isifundo Sombandela Wephrojekthi
Ukulethwa kwereferensi yalo msebenzi, okucashunwe emtatsheni wamaphrojekthi oqinisekisiwe. Izinga lokufanisa B. Iphrojekthi yamanzi omlilo endaweni eyomile engenawo umsebenzi obhalisiwe wokushisa ophansi. Kucashunwe kuphela ngohlelo lokumboza kanye nobubanzi bokunikezwa; zonke izitatimende mayelana nokuvikelwa ekubandeni kulesi sihloko zisuka kumgangatho, hhayi kulokhu kulethwa, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi omlilo.
I-ID yephrojekthi | Izwe | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Inani lamathangi | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa | Ububanzi bokuhlinzekwa |
SA-FIRE-0492 | Saudi Arabia | Ithangi Elihlotshiswe nge-Epoxy (FBE) | 492 m3 | 2 | φ6.11 × 8.4 m (H) ithangi ngalinye | 2024-11 | Ithangi + Uphahla |
Iphrojekthi yamanzi omlilo endaweni eyomile engenawo umsebenzi oqoshiwe wokushisa ophansi. Icashunwa kuphela ngohlelo lokumboza kanye nobubanzi bokuhlinzeka; zonke izitatimende mayelana nokuvikelwa ekubandeni kulesi sihloko zisuka kumgangatho, hhayi kulokhu kulethwa, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi omlilo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1. Kungani ukuvikelwa ekubandeni kubalulekile endaweni yokugcina amanzi okuqeda umlilo?
Ngoba ithangi elibandiwe ligcina umthamo walo ngendlela iphampu yomlilo engakwazi ukudonsa ngayo. Ugobolondo kanye nokunamathela kungase kungonakali, kodwa isiqinisekiso esilinganiselwe isikhathi esishiwo asisekho, futhi iphethini yokubanda inquma ukuthi angakanani amanzi awuketshezi asalayo akwazi ukudonswa. Ukubanda kuwukwehluleka komthamo hhayi isigameko somonakalo, futhi kufanele kwenzelwe endaweni eshiwo yasebusika, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi omlilo.
Umbuzo 2. Yisiphi isisekelo sokushisa i-NFPA 22 esisisebenzisayo ukuze idinge ukushisisa?
Isebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi elilinganiselwe losuku olulodwa njengereferensi yezinga lokushisa lokuklama lasebusika lamathangi okugcina amanzi. Lapho lelo nani lehla ngaphansi kuka-5°F (-15°C), kudingeka uhlelo lokushisisa olujikelezayo lwamanzi ukuze kugcinwe amanzi agciniwe ngaphezu kwephuzu lapho eyeka ukusebenziseka khona. Lesi sibalo kufanele sisungulwe endaweni yangempela futhi sishiwo encazelweni, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Umbuzo 3. Yiziphi izindlela zokushisisa ezivunyelwe ethangini?
Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zihlanganisa amathangi amaningi afakiwe: ukujikeleza ngamandla adonsela phansi ngomthombo wokushisa wangaphandle, irediyetha yesitimu, amakhoyili esitimu acwiliswe, ukujikeleziswa kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa isishintshi sokushisa, kanye nezishisisi zikagesi ezicwiliswe. Ngayinye incike emthonjeni wamandla ohlukile futhi yehluleka ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho ukukhetha ngokuvamile kunqunywa ingqalasizinda isiza esivele inayo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Umbuzo 4. Ukushisisa okujikelezayo nezishisisi ezicwiliswe kwehluleka kanjani ngendlela ehlukile?
Uhlelo lokujikeleza luyeka ukudlulisa ukushisa ngesikhathi iphampu ima, ngoba amanzi athwala ukushisa esuka emthonjeni eya egobolondweni awasanyamazi. Uhlelo lokucwiliswa kukagesi luhluleka njengeqembu, ngoba izakhi zabelana ngokunikezwa okukodwa nesekethe yokulawula eyodwa, ngakho isihlukanisi esisodwa noma isakhi esihlulekile singasusa wonke umsebenzi ngasikhathi sinye, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi omlilo.
Umbuzo 5. Ingabe ukungcwaba ithangi kuyisixazululo sokuvikela ekubandeni?
Kungenye indlela esebenzayo, ngoba ithangi elingaphansi komugqa weqhwa lithola isivikelo ekushiseni komhlaba okulinganiselwe nokuzinzile esikhundleni somthombo wamandla ongahluleka. Izindleko ziwukumba, indawo ezungezile egcina amanzi, izinhlelo zokugcina ingaphakathi lomile, nokuhlolwa kokukhukhuleka lapho izinga lamanzi liphezulu. Amapayipi okuxhuma asawela ngaphezu komugqa weqhwa engxenyeni yomzila wawo, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni kokuqandeka kwethangi lamanzi omlilo.
Umbuzo 6. Ingabe ukufakwa kwezinto zokuvikela nokushisisa ndawonye kungakhokhela umsebenzi?
Yebo, futhi inhlanganisela ivamise ukuba ngcono kunanoma yikuphi kukodwa, kodwa lezi zimbili zenza umsebenzi ohlukene futhi akufanele zinikezwe umsebenzi ofanayo. Ukufakwa kwezinto ezingavumeli ukushisa ukudlula kuyabambezela ukusondela endaweni ezungezile ukuze ukushisa okugciniwe kuxhumanise isikhathi esifushane sokubanda; akushintshi ukulingana futhi akukwazi ukuvikela amanzi esikhathini eside sokubanda sisodwa, njengoba kuchaziwe ekulondolozeni amanzi ethangi lomlilo ekubandeni.
Umbuzo 7. Yibuphi ubufakazi obukhombisa ukuthi ukuvikela ekubandeni kuyasebenza?
Ukuhlolwa kokuthunyelwa, okurekhodiwe esikhundleni sokugomela. Irekhodi kufanele likhombise ukuthi uhlelo lukhuphule amanzi ezingeni lokushisa elilondoloziwe futhi kwagcinwa kuleso simo sokuklanywa, ukuthi ukugeleza kokujikeleza noma ukugeleza komusi kwaqinisekiswa esikhundleni sokucatshangwa kusuka emthonjeni wokushisa onikwe amandla, ukuthi isixwayiso sokushisa okuphansi sakhishwa lapho umsebenzi ekhona, nokuthi ilungiselelo lokusekela laqala ngaphansi kokulahlekelwa okulingisiwe kokunikezwa okuyisisekelo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Umbuzo wesi-8. Yini okufanele iqinisekiswe kabusha njalo ebusika?
Izinto ezibolayo phakathi kwezinkathi zonyaka: amaphoyinti okulawula kanye ne-thermostat, amabhethri e-alamu kanye namasekhethi okuphindisela emuva, izinto ezingase zishiswe ngenkathi ithangi lingasetshenziswa, amaphampu, izicupho kanye nama-valve ashiywe ngaphandle kokusebenza ngemuva kokulungiswa, kanye ne-insulation noma izicabha zokungena ezishiywe zivuliwe ngemuva komsebenzi. Izinga lamanzi kufanele futhi liqinisekiswe, ngoba ithangi elingenalutho alinamandla okushisa okungabamba, njengoba kuchaziwe ekuvikelweni kokuganda kwethangi lamanzi omlilo.
Ukuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi omlilo kucaciswa njengohlelo olunesisekelo esishiwo sendawo kanye nokuziphatha kokwehluleka okushiwo, hhayi njengento yokushisa esemfanekisweni. Imfuneko iqala ezingeni eliphansi lokushisa elilinganiselwe losuku olulodwa endaweni, futhi uma leso sibalo sehla ngaphansi kuka-5°F (-15°C) umbuzo uba ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokushisa olujikelezayo oluzogcina amanzi, incike kuluphi ukunikezwa kwamandla, futhi umsebenzi womqhubi wenzani uma lokho kunikezwa kulahleka. Isinqumo okufanele sithathwe kusenesikhathi ukuthi zonke izindlela zehla ngendlela echaziwe, ngakho-ke isicaciso kufanele sizibophezele ekuhlelweni kokusekela, isexwayiso sethangi kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesizini okusayiniwe, kunokuthembela ohlelweni oluyinhloko ukuthi ngeke luhluleke phakathi neviki elibanda kakhulu lonyaka, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi omlilo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Okwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo elivikelwe ekugxameni, thumela indawo yesiza enezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu losuku olulodwa kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu elirekhodiwe, isikhathi esilindelekile sokugxama komoya obandayo, umthamo wethangi kanye nobukhulu bogobolondo, umsebenzi owenziwa yithangi, imithombo yamandla etholakala esizeni kuhlanganise nokukhiqiza okungemuva, nokuthi ithangi lingaphezulu komhlaba, lingaphansi komhlaba noma lingaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Sizobuyisela isisekelo somklamo esichaza ireferensi yendawo ezungezile, ukulinganisela kokushisa kwe-envelope, ukukhethwa kwendlela yokushisa okuhambisana nemiphumela yokwehluleka kwayo ebizwayo, amaphuzu okuxwayisa nokulawula, kanye namarekhodi okuqinisekisa okusebenzayo nokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesizini adingekayo ukuvala umkhakha, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa ekugxameni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
Mayelana ne-Center Enamel
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (Center Enamel) ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe ozinikele ekuklameni nasekwakheni amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo luhlanganisa amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), amathangi e-Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE), amathangi ensimbi engagqwali, amathangi ensimbi e-galvanized kanye nophahla lwe-aluminum geodesic dome, kanye nokwesekwa kobuchwepheshe be-EPC kanye nezinsiza zamathangi. Ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001, ISO 14001 kanye ne-ISO 45001, futhi uhlu lwemikhiqizo luqinisekisiwe nge-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, CE kanye ne-EN 1090, ISO 28765, AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona. Inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi e-enameling acishe abe ngu-200, isebenzisa isizinda sokukhiqiza esingama-150,000 m2, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi e-enamel-coated angama-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ithumele amathangi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Amandla okuklama kobunjiniyela ahlanganisa umthamo wamathangi afinyelela ku-60,000 m3, njengoba kuchaziwe ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuvikelwa ekubandeni kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo.
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