Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Okuvikela Umlilo Lesikhungo Sedatha: Umhlahlandlela Wokulinganisa Nokuhambisana
Kwadalwa ngo 10.29
Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Okuvimbela Umlilo Lesikhungo Sedatha: Umhlahlandlela Wokulinganisa Nokuhambisana
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi okucisha umlilo lesikhungo sedatha likalwa ngokudingeka kwe-hydraulic kwe-fire pump package (NFPA 20) egcinwe isikhathi esidingekayo (NFPA 22), hhayi ngomthetho wesandla, futhi umthamo ofanayo uvezwa ngendlela ehlukile lapho iphrojekthi icaciswa nge-EN 12845 eYurophu. Impahla yethangi yomsebenzi womlilo ikhethwa ngenxa yezikhathi ezinde zokungenzi lutho, ukuchayeka eqhweni nokufinyelela kokunakekela — ama-tank e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS), i-fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) kanye ne-hot-dip galvanized bolted tank ngayinye isebenzela izimo zezulu ezihlukene kanye nezindlela zokugunyazwa. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhungo sedatha asikwazi ukubekezelela iphuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka, isitoreji ngokuvamile sihlukaniswa phakathi kwamathangi amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlukanisiwe ukuze ukuhlolwa noma ukulungiswa kungasusi yonke indawo yokugcina.
Ukwethembeka kwesistimu yokuvikela umlilo esikhungweni sedatha kuncike emanzini asekelayo. Ama-sprinkler, amaphampu kanye nama-valve e-deluge aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esithatha imizuzu embalwa, kodwa amanzi ewadingayo kufanele abe esevele esizeni, elashwe ngendlela efanele, futhi atholakale ngaso leso sikhathi lapho iphampu yomlilo iqala. Abaklami ngokuvamile balinganisa iphampu bakhohlwe ithangi, bese bethola ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ukuthi ichibi lamanzi linomthamo ongafanele, lenziwe ngezinto ezingafanele, noma alikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ukuze lihlanjululwe ngaphandle kokukhipha wonke amanzi omlilo agciniwe.
Lo mhlahlandlela uxazulula inkinga ngokulandelana okufanele umklamo uwuphendule: okokuqala isidingo nobude besikhathi obunquma umthamo, bese kuba umongo wemithetho oshintsha indlela lowo mthamo ovezwa ngayo, bese kuba into yethangi nokuhlelwa kokungafuneki okugcina ireserve isebenziseka emashumini eminyaka okulindeleke ukuthi isikhungo sedatha sisebenze.
Isidingo Nobude Besikhathi: Ukuguqula Ukugeleza Nesikhathi Kube Amamitha Ayikhubhu
Umthamo wokuvikela umlilo uyisidingo sephampu esiphindaphindwa isikhathi sokuhlinzeka esidingekayo, kanye nesikhala sokulawula amazinga kanye nokudonsa phansi. I-NFPA 20 ichaza iphakethe lephampu yomlilo; i-NFPA 22 ibeka izidingo zokuhlinzeka ngamanzi endaweni, kuhlanganise nesikhathi okufanele ithangi ligcine ukuhamba komklamo. Ukubala kunezinto ezintathu zokufaka okufanele zisho zonke.
1. Ukuhamba komklamo. Ukuhamba okuphelele kwezifutho kanye nesidingo sepayipi okufanele iphampu yomlilo ikuhlinzeke, okuthathwe ekubaleni kwe-hydraulic kukanjiniyela wokuvikela umlilo, hhayi kusibalo esijwayelekile se-square-metre ngayinye.
2. Isikhathi esidingekayo. Imizuzu noma amahora okufanele ithangi libambe lokho kuhamba — ngokuvamile kuqhutshwa yisiphathimandla sasendaweni esinegunya (AHJ) kanye nokuba kude kwendawo kumsele kamasipala.
3. Umthamo osebenzisekayo. Umthamo ophakathi kwesixwayiso sezinga eliphansi (ukucishwa kokudonsa kwephampu) kanye nokuchichima, ngaphandle komgudu ofile ongaphansi kokudonsa kanye nanoma yisiphi isikhala sokuvimbela i-vortex.
Inombolo evelayo iwumthamo wethangi eliphelele. Ithangi libe selikhethwa ukuze umthamo osebenzisekayo uhlangabezane nawo noma uweqe, futhi izilawuli zibekwe ukuze kuvinjelwe kokubili ukulahleka ngokuchichima kanye ne-pump cavitation.
Umongo Womthetho: I-NFPA 22 Ngokuqhathaniswa Ne-EN 12845
Indawo yokugcina umlilo efanayo ichazwa ngemithetho ehlukene eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, futhi ububanzi bethangi buhluka kububanzi bohlelo. I-NFPA 22 (Isahluko 14) ibeka izidingo zokwakhiwa, ukumbozwa, ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuhlolwa kwamathangi omlilo asendaweni futhi iyisithenjwa esisetshenziswa kakhulu amaphrojekthi e-data-center aseNyakatho Melika nase-GCC. I-EN 12845 ilawula ukufakwa kwezinto zokufafaza okungaguquki eYurophu futhi ichaza isidingo sedamu lohlelo lokufafaza, kanti ithangi licaciswa ukusekela lolo hlelo esikhundleni sokuba yinto ezimele.
Isici | NFPA 22 (eNyakatho Melika / GCC) | EN 12845 (eYurophu) |
Ilawula | Ukwakhiwa kwethangi lamanzi okuqeda umlilo endaweni, ukufakwa kwezinto zokulininga, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuhlolwa | Ukufakwa kwesifutho esingagudluki; ithangi elilinganiswe ngokwesidingo sohlelo |
Ububanzi bethangi | Imithetho ecacile yesahluko 14 yokumboza nokwakhiwa | Ithangi lisekela imfuneko yohlelo lokufafaza |
Izimvume ezijwayelekile | Kubhekiselwa ku-FM Global DS 1021; ukugunyazwa kwe-AHJ | Isitifiketi senhlangano ezimele; izinhlobo zokwamukelwa kuzwelonke |
Isenzo somchazi | Cacisa i-coating, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukufinyelela ngokweSahluko 14 | Veza isigcino njengomthamo wohlelo lokufafaza; qinisekisa isengezo sikazwelonke sendawo |
Iphuzu elisebenzayo ukuthi ithangi elithengiswa "njengelithobela i-NFPA 22" liyithangi elakhiwe ngokomthetho owodwa; ithangi lesikhungo sedatha saseYurophu kufanele lenelise isidingo sohlelo lwe-EN 12845 kanye nesengezo sikazwelonke esiyamukelayo. Izibalo zomthamo ziyafana; imibhalo kanye nendlela yokugunyazwa akufani.
Impahla Yethangi Yomsebenzi Womlilo: Ukungenzi Lutho, Ukubanda Nokufinyelela
Ithangi lomlilo lichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwalo ligcwele futhi lingasetshenziswa, ngakho ukukhethwa kwezinto kuncike kakhulu ezikhathini ezinde zokungenzi lutho, ukuchayeka ekubandeni kanye nekhono lokulihlola. Izinketho ezintathu zensimbi eboshiwe zihamba phambili ekugcineni komlilo okubalulekile.
· Insimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS). Ucwecwe lwe-vitreous enamel olushiswe ku-820–930 °C lunikeza isikhumba sangaphakathi esibushelelezi, esingasebenzi (Ra < 0.8 µm) esimelana nokumiswa futhi okulula ukusihlola. Ilungele izimo sezulu ezifudumele neziphakathi kanye nomthamo omkhulu.
· I-epoxy ehlanganiswe nge-fusion (FBE). I-epoxy lining efakwa efektriimeleni imelana nebanga elibanzi le-pH futhi ivamile lapho i-coating kufanele ibhaliswe ngokwezinga elithile; ivame ukucaciswa kumaphrojekthi e-NFPA 22.
· I-hot-dip galvanized. Ukuvikelwa nge-zinc kwesigobongo, izindleko eziphansi, isetshenziswa kabanzi lapho ukuthintana okuqondile nokudla kungakhathazeki futhi isimo sezulu sikuvumela; ivamile kumaphrojekthi omlilo e-GCC nase-Afrika.
Izinto ezinqumayo ingozi yasekhaya yokubanda (ukushisisa noma ukufaka i-insulation ethangini kanye ne-suction), ukuziphatha kwe-coating ngesikhathi sokumiswa isikhathi eside, kanye nokuthi ithangi lingangena futhi lihlanjululwe ngaphandle kokukhipha amanzi wonke.
Impahla | Kufaneleka kakhulu ku | Ukuqedwa kwangaphakathi | Ukuphathwa kokuqandisa | Ukufinyelela kokuhlola |
I-GFS eboshiwe | Izindawo ezinkulu ezinesimo sezulu esipholile/fudumele | I-Enamel, i-Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukufakwa kwe-insulation/ukushisisa njengoba kudingeka | Ukufinyelela kwe-Manway, udonga olubushelelezi |
I-FBE eboshiwe | Umsebenzi wokumboza ocushiwe we-NFPA 22 | Ukumboza nge-epoxy | Ukufakwa kwe-insulation/ukushisisa njengoba kudingeka | Ukufinyelela kwe-manway |
I-hot-dip galvanized | Okubiza kancane, okungathintani | I-Zinc | Ukufakwa kwe-insulation/ukushisisa njengoba kudingeka | Ukufinyelela kwe-manway |
Ukusebenza kabusha: Kungani Umthombo Uhlukaniswa
Ithangi elilodwa lomlilo liyindawo eyodwa yokwehluleka kwayo yonke indawo yokugcina, ngakho izindawo ezibalulekile zomsebenzi zihlukanisa umthamo phakathi kwamagobolondo amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlukene. Zombili izinhlaka ze-NFPA ne-EN zithanda ukuthembeka kokuhlinzekwa, futhi imodeli yobungozi yomnikazi wesikhungo sedatha ihamba ngendlela efanayo.
· Amathangi amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlukene ku-header eyodwa. Ithangi ngalinye lingavalwa futhi likhishwe ukuze kuhlolwe ngaphakathi kuyilapho elinye (noma amanye) egcina ingqikithi ephelele edingekayo.
· Ukudonsa ngakunye ngokudlula. Iphampu yomlilo idonsa ku-header evamile; ukuhlukanisa ithangi elilodwa ukuze linakekelwe akulokothi kulambe iphampu.
· Izinga elilinganisiwe nokuhleleka kwe-alamu. Ama-alamu ezinga eliphansi kufanele abonise umthamo osebenzisekayo ohlangene, hhayi ugobolondo olulodwa, kungenjalo uhlelo luzokwephuka ngenxa yephutha eliphansi.
Ukuhlukanisa ireserve kuxazulula futhi imikhawulo yekhreni nokufinyelela endaweni encane: amagobolondo amaningi amancane kulula ukuwaphakamisa nokuwabeka kunomkhumbi owodwa omkhulu kakhulu, futhi ukunikezwa ngezigaba kuyenzeka.
Icala Leprojekthi
Izinkomba zethu zokuvikela umlilo ezilethiwe zihlanganisa amadamu amakhulu e-GFS aphesheya akhiwe ngamazinga afanayo ethangi eliboshiwe okwakhelwe ngawo indawo yokugcina umlilo yesikhungo sedatha.
Isifinyezo Secala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ubukhulu | Completion |
Amanzi Okucisha Umlilo e-India | Ithangi Eliboshiwe le-GFS | 12,261 m³ isiyonke | Amathangi ama-3, φ19.86 × 13.2 m (ubude) | 2024-06 |
Amathangi amathathu e-GFS esizeni esisodwa aphendula ngqo umbuzo wokweqile. Isitoreji esingu-12,261 m³ sihlukaniswe phakathi kwamagobolondo amathathu azimele asepayipini elilodwa eliyinhloko, ngakho noma yiliphi ithangi elilodwa lingahlukaniswa ukuze lihlolwe ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokususa amanzi okuvikela umlilo esizeni. Umqondo ofanayo wokuhleleka usebenza ethangini lokugcina amanzi okuvikela umlilo lesikhungo sedatha lapho ukuthembeka kokuhlinzekwa kungaxoxiswani ngakho: umthamo usetwa yisidingo samaphampu nesikhathi, futhi amagobolondo ahlelwa ngendlela yokuthi ukunakekelwa kungaze kuthinte isitoreji sonke ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela le-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina anezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550, NFPA 22 ne-EN 12845 lapho uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga khona.
Emsebenzini wokuvikela umlilo inkampani ihlinzeka ngamathangi e-GFS, FBE kanye ne-hot-dip galvanized bolted anomnyango wokungena, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nezinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngezinga ezicaciswe njengohlelo olulodwa, futhi iletha imibhalo ye-coating ne-spark-test edingekayo ekubuyekezweni kwe-AHJ nokwenziwa yingxenye yesithathu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Umthamo wethangi lomlilo ubalwa kanjani ngempela?
Impendulo 1: Umthamo ulingana nokugeleza kokuklanyelwe kwepompo yomlilo okuphindwe ngesikhathi sokunikezwa esidingekayo, kanti umthamo osebenzisekayo (phakathi kwesixwayiso sezinga eliphansi nokuchichima, ngaphandle komgudu wokudonsa ongasebenzi) kufanele uhlangabezane noma weqe lowo mkhiqizo. Zontathu izinto zokufaka kufanele zishiwo.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe i-NFPA 22 iyasebenza eYurophu?
Impendulo 2: Cha — izinqolobane zomlilo zesikhungo sedatha saseYurophu zivezwa nge-EN 12845 njengesidingo sohlelo lokufafaza, kanti ithangi licaciswa ukuthi lisekele lokho futhi kugcinwe isijobelelo sikazwelonke. I-NFPA 22 iyireferensi yaseNyakatho Melika futhi evamile kuma-GCC.
Umbuzo 3: Iyiphi into yethangi engcono kakhulu emsebenzini womlilo?
A3: Kuncike esimweni sezulu, imibhalo yokumboza kanye nezindleko. I-GFS ilungele izindawo ezinkulu ezinesimo sezulu esipholile/fudumele, i-FBE ikhethwa lapho kudingeka khona izinga lokumboza elibhaliwe, kanti i-hot-dip galvanized iyongayo ezindlekweni lapho ukuthintana okuqondile kungakhathazeki.
Q4: Kungani ukuhlukanisa isitoreji phakathi kwamathangi amaningi?
A4: Ithangi elilodwa liyindawo eyodwa yokwehluleka. Ukuhlukanisa umthamo phakathi kwamagobolondo ahlukene asepayipini elilodwa elivamile kuvumela ukuthi ithangi elilodwa lihlolwe noma lilungiswe kuyilapho amanye ephethe isitoreji esigcwele esidingekayo somlilo.
Q5: Ingcuphe yokuqhwanda ibhekwana kanjani?
A5: Ngokusebenzisa i-insulation yethangi neyokudonsa, ukushisisa okuzikhethelayo, nokugcina umugqa wokudonsa ngaphezu komngcele wokuqhwanda; ukumboza nokuqedwa kwangaphakathi kukhethwa ukuze ukumiswa kungonakalisi isitoreji.
Q6: Yimiphi imibhalo esekela ukubuyekezwa kwe-AHJ noma i-FM?
A6: Izitifiketi zokumboza, ukujiya kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-spark (kuma-GFS, ukuhlolwa kwe-spark kwe-1,500 V DC; ukunamathela kwe-enamel ngaphezu kwe-3,450 N/cm²), izibalo zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nezisekelo, kanye nengqondo yezinga/isixwayiso somthombo ohlangene.
Q7: Ingabe ithangi lingahlolwa ngaphandle kokukhipha wonke umthombo?
A7: Yebo, lapho umklamo usebenzisa amagobolondo amaningi ahlukanisiwe ku-header eyodwa enokudonsa ngakunye kanye nokudlula, ukuze noma yiliphi ithangi elilodwa likwazi ukuvalwa nge-valve futhi kungene kulo kuyilapho amanye esasebenza.
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi okucisha umlilo lesikhungo sedatha lincike ezinqumweni ezintathu ezixhunyiwe: umthamo ovela ekufuneni kwephampu yomlilo ophindaphindwe ngesikhathi esidingekayo, okushiwo ngomthamo osebenzisekayo nokwehla okucacisiwe; into yokwakha kanye nekhodi yokugcoba ekhethwe ngezikhathi ezinde zokungenzi lutho, ukuchayeka eqhweni nokuhlolwa; kanye nesabelo esihlukaniswe phakathi kwamagobolondo ahlukanisiwe ukuze ukunakekelwa kungasusi wonke umthombo. Veza lowo mthamo ngendlela efanele ye-NFPA 22 noma i-EN 12845, futhi ithangi lizothola indawo yalo njengengxenye ethule, elungele njalo yohlelo lokuvikela umlilo.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Nge-tank yokugcina amanzi okuvikela umlilo yesikhungo sedatha, sithumelele ukugeleza kokuklanywa kwepompo yomlilo, isikhathi sokunikezwa esidingekayo, indlela yekhodi yendawo (NFPA 22 noma EN 12845 ene-annex kazwelonke), iphrofayili yokubanda nesimo sezulu, kanye nemikhawulo yendawo. Sizobuyisela ucwaningo lokulinganisa umthamo nosayizi okubalulwe kulo umthamo osebenzisekayo, isincomo sempahla nekhodi yokumboza nemibhalo yaso, ukuhlelwa kokungafani kwamatanki amaningi ku-header eyodwa, kanye nephetshana lokucacisa le-GFS, FBE noma amathangi e-galvanized aboshiwe anokuhlukaniswa, isexwayiso sezinga kanye nezinhlinzeko zokuhlola.
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