Amathangi Okugcina Amanzi Okuvikela Umlilo EYurophu: I-Netherlands, IFrance Kanye Nokutholakala Kwe-EN 12845
Kwadalwa ngo 10.29
Amathangi Okugcina Okukhipha Umlilo EYurophu: INetherlands, IFrance Kanye Nokutholakala Kwe-EN 12845
Ukuthenga amathangi okugcina izinto zokucisha umlilo eYurophu kusho ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-EN 12845 njengenqubo ebusa ukufakwa kwezinto zokufafaza bese kuthobelwa izidingo ezithile zezwe lomthengi — iNetherlands neFrance zombili zamukela le nqubo ngokwazo okulindelekile mayelana nokugunyazwa, ukuhlolwa kanye nesilawuli. Abathengi baseYurophu kufanele bathole isitifiketi senhlangano yesithathu (kuhlanganise nophawu lwe-CE ngaphansi kwe-EN 1090 lokwenziwa kwesakhiwo), baphathe izinto zokuthutha nokungeniswa kwempahla emazweni, futhi bakhethe into yethangi (i-GFS noma i-galvanized) ngesidingo sokuqokwa nokuhlolwa. Ngenxa yokuthi icala elikhethekile laseYurophu lomlilo aliyona ingxenye yomtapo wolwazi olethiwe, le ndatshana ibeka isinqumo sokuthenga mayelana nesidingo sohlelo lwe-EN 12845, isengezo sezwe, kanye nolwazi lokuhlinzeka nge-GFS phesheya olubonisa ukuqinisekiswa kokuqokwa kanye nokuhlelwa kwengxenye yokugcina okuncike kukho amaphrojekthi aseYurophu.
Idatha yaseYurophu yesikhungo sedatha kanye nabathengi bezimboni abacacisa amathangi okugcina amanzi okuvimbela umlilo babhekana nesimo esihlukile sokuhambisana nemithetho kanye nezokuthutha uma kuqhathaniswa namaphrojekthi aseNyakatho Melika noma e-GCC. Ichibi lichazwa yisidingo sohlelo lokufafaza lwe-EN 12845, i-annex kazwelonke ibumba ukwamukelwa kwendawo, futhi isitifiketi senkampani yangaphandle siyisango okungeke kudlule kuso isimemezelo sakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthenga ngokuvamile kusho ukungenisa uhlelo lwethangi eliboshiwe kanye nokuphatha intela, ezokuthutha kanye nokwakhiwa endaweni. Le ndatshana iqondisa abathengi baseYurophu ngesisekelo se-EN 12845, imininingwane yaseNetherlands naseFrance, izinyathelo zesitifiketi nezokuthutha, kanye nendlela yokuhlola umhlinzeki wangaphandle we-GFS wephrojekthi yamanzi okuvimbela umlilo yaseYurophu.
Ukutholakala Kwezinto ZaseYurophu Kuqala Nge-EN 12845
Yonke incazelo yaseYurophu yokugcinwa kwamanzi okuqeda umlilo kufanele iqale ku-EN 12845, ngoba izinga lichaza ukufakwa kwezinto zokufafaza futhi ithangi licaciswa ukuze lihlangabezane nesidingo sohlelo lwalo. Umthamo uhanjelwa yisidingo, ithangi lisekela uhlelo, futhi isengezo sikazwelonke sibeka imininingwane yendawo.
1. Umthamo ohanjelwa yisidingo. Umthamo wethangi ulandela isidingo se-hydraulic sohlelo lokufafaza esigcinwa isikhathi esidingekayo, okuboniswa ngokubalwa kwe-EN 12845.
2. Ithangi njengengxenye yokusekela. Ichibi lamanzi lakhiwe ukuze lilethe lawo manzi ngokuthembekile, nonjiniyela wokuklama ebeka umthamo.
3. Isengezo sikazwelonke njengesango lesibili. Ukwamukelwa kwendawo kwe-EN 12845 kufanele kushiwo ukuze imibhalo ihambisane nendawo yomthetho.
Thatha i-EN 12845 njengesisekelo; konke okunye — isitifiketi, ezokuthutha, impahla — kwakhiwe phezu kwayo.
ENetherlands: Okulindelekile Kokugunyazwa Nokuhlolwa
I-Netherlands isebenzisa i-EN 12845 ngohlaka lwayo lukazwelonke ngokugunyazwa okukhethekile kanye nokulindelwa kokuhlolwa kwezinto ezifakwa zinganyakazi, ngakho abathengi lapho kumele bahlele ukubuyekezwa okubhalisiwe kwabantu besithathu. Amaphrojekthi okuvikela umlilo aseDashi ancika ezingxenyeni eziqinisekisiwe kanye nokufakwa okugadiwe.
· Izingxenye eziqinisekisiwe. Amathangi nezinsiza kufanele zibe nesitifiketi esifanele se-CE kanye nesitifiketi somkhiqizo (isb., i-CE ngaphansi kwe-EN 1090 yokwenziwa kwesakhiwo).
· Ukufakwa okugadiwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwasensimini nokuxhumeka ohlelweni kuyahlolwa njengengxenye yokufakwa okunganyakazi.
· Isidingo esibhalisiwe. Ukubalwa kohlelo lwe-EN 12845 kufanele kutholakale ukuze isiphathimandla kanye nomhlinzeki womshuwalense bakwazi ukubuyekeza.
Umthengi waseNetherlands kufanele asho isengezo sesizwe futhi acele iphakethe lokugunyazwa kusenesikhathi, ngoba izikhathi zokubuyekezwa zincike kulo.
IFrance: Ukuqinisekiswa Kanye Nesimo Somlawuli
IFrance yamukela i-EN 12845 ngokuqinisekiswa kwayo kanye nesimo somlawuli sezinhlelo zokufafaza, ngakho umthengi kufanele ahlanise imibhalo yethangi nomzila wokwamukelwa waseFrance. Imakethe yaseFrance isebenzisa izinhlangano eziqinisekisiwe zokuqinisekisa nokulawula zezinto zokuvikela umlilo ezinganyakazi.
4. Ukuqinisekiswa okwamukelwayo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwezingxenye nomkhiqizo okwamukelekayo kubahloli baseFrance kusekela isimangalo sethangi.
5. Ukuhileleka komlawuli. Ukufakwa ngokuvamile kuqinisekiswa inhlangano yokulawula esebenzayo njengengxenye yokuqalisa ukusebenza.
6. Ukuhambisana nesengezo. Imininingwane yesengezo sesizwe saseFrance kufanele iboniswe emibhalweni yethangi nohlelo.
NjengaseNetherlands, isinyathelo esisebenzayo ukuthiya isengezo sikazwelonke futhi ucele izitifiketi ezihambisanayo ngaphambi kokuba ithangi li-odwe.
Isici | Netherlands | France |
Izinga eliyisisekelo | EN 12845 + isengezo sikazwelonke | EN 12845 + isengezo sikazwelonke |
Isitifiketi sesakhiwo | Ukuqaliswa kwe-CE (EN 1090) | Ukuqaliswa kwe-CE (EN 1090) |
Ukugxila kokubuyekezwa | Izingxenye eziqinisekisiwe, ukufakwa okugadiwe | Izingxenye eziqinisekisiwe, ukusayinwa komlawuli |
Isinyathelo somthengi | Cela izitifiketi kusenesikhathi | Qondanisa imibhalo nendlela yaseFrance |
Ezokuthutha Nokugunyazwa Kwabathengi BaseYurophu
Ukungenisa ithangi lomlilo eliboshiwe eYurophu kunezela ezokuthutha kanye nemibhalo yokwakha emthwalweni wokugunyazwa, ngakho umthengi kufanele acacise iphakethe elilethiwe, hhayi nje umkhumbi. Ukuhlinzeka okuphelele kwaphesheya kwezilwandle kuhlanganisa okungaphezu kwamaphaneli.
· Iphakethe lokugunyazwa. I-CE (EN 1090), ubufakazi bokumboza (ISO 28765 ye-GFS) kanye nezitifiketi zomkhiqizo ezithunyelwa kanye ne-oda.
· Ukuphelela kohlu lwezinto zokwakha. Amaphaneli, amabhawudi, izinto zokuvala, uphahla, ama-nozzle, ama-manway, izitebhisi namagasketi njengephakethe elilodwa elihleliwe.
· Imibhalo yokwakha. Imidwebo, izicaciso ze-torque nokulandelana kokuhlanganisa ukuze amaqembu endawo akwazi ukwakha ngaphandle kokuba yifekthri ibe khona endaweni.
· Intela nokuthutha. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-HS okulungile, ama-incoterms nosayizi wamabhokisi omzila wokungena echwebeni lendawo okuyiwa kuyo.
Ukucacisa iphakethe ngale ndlela kuvimbela ukwehluleka okujwayelekile kokufika kwamaphaneli ngaphandle kwezinto zokuhlanganisa noma imidwebo.
Izinto Zokwakha Nokumboza Kwamathangi Omlilo AseYurophu
Amathangi omlilo aseYurophu ngokuvamile ayizakhiwo ezi-bolted ze-GFS noma ezi-hot-dip galvanized, ezikhethwa ngenxa yokumelana nokumileka, ukufinyelela kokuhlola kanye nemibhalo yokumboza. Izikhathi ezinde zokungenzi lutho zibusa umsebenzi womlilo.
· GFS. I-vitreous enamel eshiselwa ku-820–930 °C ikhiqiza isikhumba esibushelelezi esingasebenzi (Ra < 0.8 µm), okulula ukusihlola; ifanele izinqolobane ezinkulu zesimo sezulu esipholile.
· I-galvanized ngokushisa okuphezulu. Ukuvikelwa kwegobolondo le-zinc ngezindleko eziphansi lapho ukuxhumana okuqondile kungakhathazeki.
· Amarekhodi e-coating. Ubukhulu be-enamel 0.25–0.45 mm, ukunamathela okungaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm² kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1,500 V DC ngephaneli ngayinye kusekela icala lokuhlola.
Impahla | Ukuqedwa kwangaphakathi | Ukusetshenziswa kwaseYurophu | Ukuhlola |
I-GFS eboshiwe | I-Enamel, Ra < 0.8 µm | Izinqolobane ezinkulu zesimo sezulu esipholile | Kubushelelezi, ukufinyelela kwe-manway |
I-galvanized ngokushisa okuphezulu | I-Zinc | Okubhekele ukubiza, okungaxhumani | Ukufinyelela kwe-manway |
Kungani Uthola Umhlinzeki We-GFS Waphesheya Kwezilwandle WaseYurophu
Umthengi waseYurophu angathola ithangi lomlilo le-GFS kumkhiqizi waphesheya kwezilwandle uma lowo mhlinzeki ekwazi ukuletha imibhalo ehambisana ne-EN 12845, ukwenziwa kwe-CE kanye nephakethe eliphelele lasphesheya kwezilwandle, ngoba izinga lisekelwe ekusebenzeni hhayi endaweni. Isinqumo simayelana nobufakazi, hhayi indawo.
7. Ukuqondiswa kwekhodi yokumboza okubhaliwe. Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark kwephaneli ngalinye kanye nomklamo we-ISO 28765 kubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-enamel luhlangabezana necala lokuhlola.
8. Ukuhlelwa kwesabelo esihlukanisiwe. Amagobolondo amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlukanisiwe ku-header eyodwa abonisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha okudingwa izikhungo zedatha zaseYurophu.
9. Umlando wokulethwa. Ukuhlinzeka ngamathangi aboshiwe emazweni angaphezu kwe-100 nokuqedela amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kwe-30,000 kubonisa ikhono lezokuthutha iYurophu elidingayo.
Icala lomlilo laseYurophu elizinikele aliyona ingxenye yelabhulali elethiwe, ngakho-ke isinqumo sokuthenga sincike ekufuneni kwe-EN 12845, isengezo sikazwelonke, kanye nolwazi lokuhlinzeka nge-GFS phesheya olufakazela ukuziphatha okudingekayo.
Icala Leprojekthi
Izinkomba zethu zamanzi omlilo phesheya zihlanganisa amathangi e-GFS akhiwe ngamazinga afanayo amathangi aboshiwe okwakhelwe ngawo indawo yokugcina amanzi ye-sprinkler yaseYurophu.
Isifinyezo Secala Leprojekthi
Iprojekthi | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ukuhlelwa | Ukuqedwa |
Amanzi Okucisha Umlilo e-Angola | Ithangi Eliboshiwe Lensimbi Ehlanganiswe Nezingilazi (GFS) | 867 m³ | Ithangi elilodwa | 2022-02 |
Isithenjwa sase-Angola iyithangi elilodwa le-GFS lamanzi okuqeda umlilo elingama-867 m³, elaqedwa ngo-2022-02. Likhonjiswa lapha njengesithenjwa sangaphandle sokuhlinzeka ngamanzi okuqeda umlilo e-GFS ngezinqumo zokuthenga zaseYurophu — okukhombisa ukuqinisa kwe-GFS (i-enamel eshiselwe ku-820–930 °C, ukuhlolwa kwe-spark kwe-DC engu-1,500 V ngephanele ngayinye) kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaphaneli aboshiwe umthengi waseYurophu angakudinga — hhayi njengokufakwa kwaseYurophu. Imithetho efanayo kanye nengqondo yokwelekelela iyasebenza lapho isidingo sohlelo lwe-EN 12845 kanye nesijobelelo sikazwelonke sibusayo iphrojekthi.
Amandla Obunjiniyela e-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawodi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakheka kubhekiselwa ku-EN 12845, EN 1090, EN 1991-1-4, EN 1998-4, ISO 28765, NFPA 22, AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550, ASCE 7, API 650, AWWA D108 ne-NFPA 20 lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ekuthengeni amanzi omlilo eYurophu inkampani ihlinzeka ngamadamu e-GFS namadamu ahlanganisiwe ane-galvanized ngokusebenza kwe-CE (EN 1090), ubufakazi bokumboza kwe-ISO 28765, iphakethe eliphelele lokulethwa phesheya kanye nokuhlukaniswa, nokuhlelwa okuhlukanisiwe okudingwa ukungafuneki kwedatha yesikhungo saseYurophu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Yisiphi isilinganiso esilawula amathangi omlilo eYurophu?
A1: I-EN 12845 ilawula ukufakwa kwezinto zokufafaza ezinqunyiwe, futhi ithangi licaciswa ukuthi lihlangabezane nesidingo samanzi sohlelo; isengezo sikazwelonke sengeza imininingwane yasendaweni.
Q2: I-Netherlands ne-France zihluke kanjani ngamathangi omilio?
A2: Zombili zamukela i-EN 12845 enesengezo sikazwelonke; i-Netherlands igcizelela izingxenye eziqinisekisiwe nokufakwa okugadiwe, kuyilapho i-France yengeza uhlelo lwayo lokugunyazwa kwesilawuli — kodwa isidingo esiyisisekelo siyafana.
Umbuzo 3: Yiluphi ugunyaziso oludinga ithangi lomlilo laseYurophu?
Impendulo 3: Ugunyaziso lwenkampani yangaphandle okuhlanganisa nokumakwa kwe-CE ngaphansi kwe-EN 1090 yokwenziwa kwesakhiwo, kanye nobufakazi bokumboza nomkhiqizo njenge-ISO 28765 ye-GFS.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe umhlinzeki waphesheya angasebenza iphrojekthi yaseYurophu?
Impendulo 4: Yebo, uma ehlinzeka ngemibhalo ehambisana ne-EN 12845, ukwenziwa kwe-CE kanye nephakethe eliphelele lasphesheya; izinga lisekelwe ekusebenzeni, hhayi endaweni.
Umbuzo 5: Iyiphi into esebenza kahle ethangini lomlilo laseYurophu?
Impendulo 5: I-GFS yezinqolobane ezinkulu ezishisayo ezihlolwayo, i-hot-dip galvanized lapho izindleko nokungathintani kuvuma; zombili ziboshwe ngamabhawodi anombhalo wokumboza.
Umbuzo 6: Yiluphi uhlelo lwezokuthutha okufanele luchazwe abathengi baseYurophu?
Impendulo 6: Iphakethe logunyaziso, uhlu oluphelele lwezinto zokwakha, imidwebo yokwakha kanye nezicaciso ze-torque, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla okulungile kanye nama-incoterms omzila.
Umbuzo 7: Ingabe ikhona icala lomlilo laseYurophu emtatsheni wezincwadi?
A7: Akukho icala elikhethekile lomlilo laseYurophu elikukhithi elethulwayo; ukutholakala kwezinto zaseYurophu kuhlelwe ngokwesidingo se-EN 12845, isengezo sikazwelonke kanye nolwazi lokuhlinzeka nge-GFS phesheya okucashunwa njengereferensi yekhono.
Ukuthola amathangi okugcina izinto zokucisha umlilo eYurophu kusho ukugxilisa imininingwane ku-EN 12845, ukwanelisa isengezo sezwe saseNetherlands noma saseFrance, ukuthola isitifiketi senhlangano yesithathu okuhlanganisa ne-CE (EN 1090), kanye nokuphatha i-logistics yokungenisa kanye nephakethe eliphelele lokulethwa. Khetha i-GFS noma i-galvanized ngokwesidingo sokuqokwa nokuhlolwa, futhi hlola umhlinzeki waphesheya ngokuziphatha kwakhe okuqoshiwe kokuqokwa kanye nekhono lakhe lokugcina okuhlukanisiwe. Njengoba izinga lisekelwe ekusebenzeni futhi imibhalo isezandleni, abathengi baseYurophu bangathola ngokuzethemba noma ngabe ithangi lenziwe eduze noma lithunyelwa phesheya.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Ngamathangi okugcina amanzi okuvikela umlilo eYurophu, sithumelele isidingo sohlelo lwe-EN 12845 kanye nesikhathi, isengezo sikazwelonke esisebenzayo (Netherlands, France noma okunye), isidingo sokungafuneki, ukukhetha kwempahla kanye nechweba lokulethwa. Sizobuyisela ukuhlukaniswa kobubanzi bethangi/sohlelo, imibhalo ye-CE (EN 1090) ne-ISO 28765, iphakethe lezokuthutha kanye nelezimpahla, kanye nephepha lokucacisa lamathangi e-GFS noma amathangi ahlanganisiwe ane-galvanized ahambisana nomongo wamanzi omlilo waseYurophu.
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