Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Abandayo Esimo Esiphuthumayo Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ukukala Ubukhulu Ngokulahlekelwa Ugesi
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Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Abandayo Esimo Esiphuthumayo Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ukulinganisa Ukulahlekelwa Kukagesi
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo esikhungo sedatha lesimo esiphuthumayo likalwa ngokwesikhala phakathi kokulahlekelwa ugesi kanye namandla kagesi aphuthumayo azinzile, hhayi ngokupholisa i-IT usuku lonke. Likale ngesikhathi sokushintsha kweswishi, isikhathi sokuzinza kwejeneretha, amandla ephampu nesiphephetha-moya adonswayo ngenkathi kusabalindile, kanye nezinga lokwehlisa umthwalo elichaziwe. Ukubanda okusetshenzisekayo kucishe kube ngu-1.163 kWh nge-cubic metre ngakunye nge-kelvin ye-dT esetshenzisekayo, kwehliswa nge-70 kuya ku-90 ekhulwini ngenxa yokuxubana nokuthola ukushisa, okuvamise ukuthenga imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-45 yomthwalo ovikelwe.
Amathimba okusebenza ngemuva kokwehluleka kukagesi awavamile ukuphelelwa amanzi abandayo kuqala; aphelelwa umkhawulo wokuklama. Ama-chiller ayaphazamiseka, amajeneretha aqala, futhi iluphu ilahlekelwa umfutho isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuthi isiphephetha-moya segumbi lekhompyutha sibuyisele amanzi ngaphezu kwendawo esimisiwe. Ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo esikhungo sedatha lesimo esiphuthumayo lishintsha lokho kuchungechunge: isitsha sigcina ukubanda ngenkathi isikhungo siqala kabusha, ngakho ibhendi yokuhlinzeka iyazinza futhi umthwalo obalulekile awuboni kukuphazamiseka.
Isibalo esingemuva kwalokhu siwukubala okungathandeki: isikhathi sokushintsha kweswishi yokudlulisa, iwindi lokuzinza kwejenereyitha, amandla okuqala kabusha amaphampu okusabalalisa, kanye nesitebhisi sokulahla esinciphisa amarekhi angabalulekile kuqala. Uma uphuthelwa yilokhu umkhumbi uba mkhulu kakhulu ephepheni noma mncane kakhulu ukuthi ungabaluleka. Okulandelayo kuhlanganisa ukulandelana kokulinganisa, ama-hydraulics asebenza ngenkathi ama-chiller emisiwe, kanye nezinto zokucacisa ezigcina isitolo sibanda ehholo elingenamuntu.
Yilapho imizuzu isetshenziswa khona ngempela
Noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokulinganisa okholekayo uqala ngokubala izehlakalo ezenzeka phakathi kokwehluleka kukagesi kanye nesikhathi lapho isitshalo sibuyela ekulawuleni okuzenzakalelayo.
1. Ukutholwa nokunqanyulwa. Isikhungo esinendlela ezimbili singase sihlakaze umugqa ojwayelekile ngemizuzwana embalwa; amaphutha angahleliwe alulama ngesikhathi esingalawulwa muntu.
2. Ukuqalisa kwe-generator nokufakwa kwamandla ebhasini. Amasethi edizili adinga isikhathi ukufinyelela ijubane elilinganiselwe ne-voltage. Amaphampu okusabalalisa kanye ne-condenser ahamba nge-UPS noma aqale kabusha ngokulandelana, okwengeza amashumi emizuzwana.
3. Ukuqalisa kabusha kwe-chiller nokulandelana kwe-lead-lag. Ngisho noma amandla ekhona, umkhiqizo wesikhungo unyuka ngezinyathelo, ngakho kudlula imizuzu eminingana ngaphambi komthamo ogcwele.
4. Ukuncipha kwethangi. Ngaleso sikhathi sekhefu, amakhaza agciniwe yiwona kuphela into epholisa indawo.
Inhloso yomklamo ukuthi isitolo sihlanganise ukutholwa kuze kufike ekubuyiselweni kwesitshalo, kanye nesikhala sokuthi i-generator yehluleke ukusuka. Lapho zombili izintambo zithinteka, inhloso inwetshwa iye ku-generator yesibili noma iqembu labasebenzi bakahulumeni.
Imithetho emibili yakha konke okulandelayo: ithangi liyaxhumanisa kunokuba lithathe indawo yamandla aphuthumayo, ligcina umthwalo ngaphakathi kwebhendi yalo yokushisa ngenkathi imishini ikhuphuka, futhi kuphela ungqimba olubandayo olusezansi kwesitsha olubalwa, hhayi yonke impahla yoketshezi.
Ukubalwa kwesikhathi sokusebenza, igxathu negxathu
5. Isitoreji esipholile esiphelele. Q = V x rho x cp x dT. Emanzini, i-rho x cp icishe ibe ngu-1.163 kWh nge-cubic metre nge-kelvin, ngakho ibhendi engu-6 K inikeza cishe u-7.0 kWh nge-cubic metre.
6. Sebenzisa ingxenye esebenzisekayo. Ukuhlukaniswa ngezendlalelo, ukuxubana kwe-diffuser, nokufudumala kwegobolondo kunciphisa lokho okungakhishwa. Ochwepheshe behlisa nge-70 kuya ku-90 ekhulwini; thatha isibalo esiphansi uma ukudonsa kushesha.
7. Chaza umthwalo womsebenzi. Ngesikhathi somcimbi akusiwo umthwalo ophezulu we-IT. Umthwalo okufanele uphile: amarakhi ayisisekelo kanye namandla efeni neyepompo adingekayo ukuhambisa amanzi kuwo.
8. Khipha umnikelo wamandla adonsela phansi. Ngesitanki esisemkhathini esingaphezu komthwalo, ingxenye yokugeleza ivela ekhanda lodwa ngaphandle kwamapompo, okunciphisa umthwalo wejeneretha.
9. Hlukanisa. Isikhathi sokusebenza silingana namakhilowathi asebenzisekayo phezu kwamakhilowathi omsebenzi.
Isibonelo esisetshenzisiwe: 4,000 kW womthwalo ovikelwe, 6 K dT esebenzisekayo, ingxenye esebenzisekayo engu-0.8, umgomo wemizuzu engu-20. Umthamo = 4,000 x (20/60) / (1.163 x 6 x 0.8) = 239 m3, ngaphambi kokugeleza kwepompo, ukulahlekelwa okulindile, kanye nesikhala sokwehluleka kwesibili. Lesi sibalo sibonakala sincane eceleni kwethangi lokunciphisa isiqongo, okuyiphuzu: ukulinganisa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kushibhile kunokushintsha umthwalo ngoba iwindi lingamaminithi, hhayi amahora.
Ukuhlelwa kokukhipha umthwalo kanye nephansi elibandayo
Ithangi okufanele likwazi ukumboza isikhathi eside sokuphazamiseka kwikagesi lidinga umthwalo ongemuva kwalo ukuthi wehle ngendlela elawulwayo, noma ukunikezwa kwamakhaza kusetshenziswa ngokushesha futhi igumbi lishintshe.
Ibhlokhi yomthwalo | Isenzo ngesikhathi sokulahlekelwa ugesi | Ingxenye yomthwalo we-IT |
Amarakhi okukhiqiza ayisisekelo | Ihlala inamandla futhi ipholile | 40 kuya ku-60 ekhulwini |
Ukuhlela, iqoqo, ukubika | Kukhishwa ngemuva kwemizuzu emi-5 | 15 kuya ku-25 ekhulwini |
Ukuhlaziya okungekona ukukhiqiza | Kukhishwa ngokushesha | 10 kuya ku-20 ekhulwini |
Ihhovisi nendawo yokusekela | Icishiwe, noma kuluphu oluhlukile | Amaphesenti angu-5 kuya ku-15 |
Iphansi elibandayo libeka izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lokunikezwa okungafinyelelwa isitshalo, nendawo yokubanda. Ngesikhathi sokudonsa, izinga lokushisa lokubuya likhuphuka futhi i-dT ewusizo iyancipha, ngakho abaklami bamisa umkhawulo wokunikezwa, ngokuvamile oku-12 kuya ku-15 °C esimweni esiphuthumayo, okungaphezu kwawo okunye ukubhloka kuyakhishwa.
Ama-hydraulics agcina ukugeleza ngaphandle kokusebenza kwama-chiller
Indlela ithangi elihlala ngayo ngaphakathi komngcele wengcindezi inquma ukuthi kungakanani amandla aphuthumayo adingekayo.
10. Ithangi lomoya, ukugeleza okuqhutshwa yikhanda. Amanzi abandayo aphuma ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi futhi abuye ngamandla adonsela phansi noma iphampu encane ephuthumayo, ngakho iphampu enkulu yesitshalo ayidingeki ukusabalalisa. Lolu wuhlelo olungemuva kwezinhlelo eziningi zedatha yethangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo aphuthumayo okufanele zigcine ukugeleza phakathi kokulahlekelwa okuphelele kuma-chiller.
11. Ithangi elinomfutho womoya emngceleni wesikhungo. Ukujiya kodonga, ukuqiniswa kwembobo, ama-flange, nama-valve okukhipha umfutho kubalwa ngenhloso yokucindezela nokushisa; ukugeleza kusadinga amaphampu ebhasini lesimo esiphuthumayo.
12. Ukufakwa kwezinto zokuvikela ukushisa kanye namabhuloho abandayo. I-mineral wool ene-aluminium noma i-colour-steel cladding, namasekelo kanye nezindawo zokungena ezichazwe ngokuningiliziwe ukuze kuphulwe indlela yokushisa.
Kuzo zombili izinhlelo, indawo yokungena nendawo yokuphuma zidinga ama-diffuser nama-baffle, futhi isivinini sokungena sihlala silingana noma ngaphansi kuka-0.5 kuya ku-1 m/s ukuze i-thermocline ihlale icacile.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ithebula elingezansi libala ama-setpoint kanye nezinto zokukhetha zedatha yesikhungo sokugcina amanzi abandayo esimo esiphuthumayo.
Into | Inani elijwayelekile noma inketho | Qaphela |
Umthamo wejometriki | Kulinganiswa ngokuhloswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza | 239 m3 esibonelweni esisetshenzisiwe |
I-dT esebenzisekayo | 5 kuya ku-7 K, isibonelo 6 °C kuya ku-12 °C | Kushayela umthamo ngokulingana |
Ingxenye esebenzisekayo | 70 kuya ku-90 ekhulwini | Kuhlanganisa ukuxubana nokulahlekelwa ukushisa |
Izinga lokushisa lokunikezela, okujwayelekile | 5 kuya ku-7 °C | Isethi yamanzi abandayo ejwayelekile |
Izinga lokushisa lokunikezela, uphahla oluphuthumayo | 12 kuya ku-15 °C | Ngaphezu kwalokhu, umthwalo uyancishiswa |
Ikilasi lengcindezi yethangi | I-atmospheric noma icindezelwe | Ibeke ukujiya kodonga neziqinisi |
Isivinini sokungena | 0.5 kuya ku-1 m/s | Ivikelwa ukuhlukaniswa |
Ukufakwa kwe-insulation | I-mineral wool, i-aluminium noma i-colour-steel cladding | Imininingwane yebhuloho elibandayo ezisekelweni |
Ukuvikelwa kweqhwa | I-heat trace noma i-standby circulation | Idingeka ngezikhathi ezingasetshenziswa |
Ithagethi yesikhathi sokusebenza | 10 kuya ku-45 imizuzu | Yandisa ukwehluleka kwesibili kwe-generator |
Icala Lomklamo
Ngenkathi amaphrojekthi ethu ayisethenjwa asetshenzisiwe emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile ahlanganisa amanzi omlilo kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo, ububanzi be-TES besikhungo sedatha benziwa ngamazinga afanayo. Enye inkomba efanele ukufakwa kwamanzi omlilo eSichuan, eChina.
Into | Imininingwane |
Iphrojekthi | Sichuan, China — ukugcinwa kwamanzi omlilo |
Umkhiqizo | 01 GFS, ithangi elihlanganisiwe lensimbi nezingilazi eliboshwe ngamabhawodi |
Umthamo | 8,930 m3 kumabhangi amabili |
Ubukhulu | phi 19.87 m x 14.4 m, amayunithi ama-2 |
Ukuqedwa | 2023-11 |
Umsebenzi uyafana endaweni eyodwa ebalulekile lapha: ithangi ligcina uketshezi olusebenzisekayo kumcimbi ongajwayelekile, onomphumela omkhulu, onezikhathi ezinde zokungenzi lutho phakathi kwemicimbi. Isitolo sokupholisa esiphuthumayo sabelana ngalelo phrofayela, ngakho-ke ijiyometri yamapuleti, amalunga aboshiwe, kanye nokukhethwa kwe-coating kulandela umqondo ofanayo wobunjiniyela.
Amandla Obunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isike yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Isitoreji esingasebenzi ezingeni eliphansi
· Ukulinganisa okuphuthumayo ngokuvamile kuqhutshwa isikhathi sokushintsha kwendlela yokulinda kanye nomthwalo oncishisiwe ogcinwe ngemuva kokususwa komthwalo, futhi ithangi kufanele lisakwazi ukuletha ukubanda lapho izinga lalo liphansi.
· Ithangi lomoya alidingi umoya wensimbi, akukho ukulawulwa kwesikhala segesi futhi akukho ukucindezelwa okusebenzayo ukuze linikeze ukubanda kwalo okusele, okugcina indlela yokwehluleka ilula.
· Isiziba samanzi omlilo saseSichuan esingu-8,930 m³ kanye namathangi amanzi kamasipala ase-UAE yizona zinto eziseduze kakhulu emlandweni wethu zesitolo esidinga kuphela ukuba sibe khona lapho ukunikezwa okujwayelekile kungekho.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi likaPhuthumayo kufanele lilinganiselwe umthwalo ogcwele we-IT noma umthwalo ovikelwe?
Impendulo 1: Umthwalo ovikelwe kuphela. Ukulinganisa umthwalo ogcwele kukhiqiza isitsha esikhulu sesimo esingajwayelekile, futhi umehluko ungasetshenziswa kangcono esitebhisini sokwehlisa esinciphisa okuthwalwa ithangi.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ithangi lithatha indawo ye-UPS noma ijeneretha?
Impendulo 2: Akukho nakanye. Amajeneretha aqala ngemizuzwana kuya emizuzwini futhi i-UPS ibamba amandla okulawula ngaphambi kokuthi athwale umthwalo. Ithangi lengeza isikhala sejeneretha ehluleka ukuqala ngomzamo wokuqala.
Umbuzo 3: Isikhathi esingakanani sokugijima sanele?
Impendulo 3: Silandela uhlelo lokudlulisa. Isikhungo esibuyisela amandla ngokuthembekile ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-15 sidinga ithangi elincane lokugcina amanzi abandayo aphuthumayo kunalelo okufanele lisinde ekwehlulekeni ukuqala. Izinhloso zivame ukusuka emizuzwini engu-20 kuya kwengu-45 kanye nesikhala esisele.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe ithangi elilodwa lingasebenza kokubili okuphuthumayo nokunciphisa isiqongo?
A4: Yebo, futhi kuvamile. Isitolo silinganiswa sibe sikhulu kulezi zikweletu ezimbili, futhi icala eliphuthumayo libe selibeka umthamo omncane kanye nophahla lokushisa.
Q5: Yikuphi ukuncishiswa okufanele kusetshenziswe emandleni agciniwe angokwethiyori?
A5: 70 kuya ku-90 ekhulwini ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukwehlukaniswa, ukuxubana kwe-diffuser, nokuthola ukushisa ngegobolondo kanye ne-insulation. Thatha umkhawulo ophansi lapho ukudonsa kushesha uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokuphenduka kwethangi.
Ukukala ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo asetshenziswa esikhungweni sedatha kusho ukukala isikhathi esifushane bese usihlanganisa namandla okubanda asebenzisekayo. Isikhathi sivela ekushintsheni kokudlulisa, ekuphenduleni kwejeneretha, nasekuqaliseni kabusha kwesikhungo; ukubanda kuvela kumthamo, i-dT, kanye nokuncipha okubonisa ukuhlukaniswa kwangempela. Beka kokubili ekhasini elilodwa bese umthamo uyalandela, kanti isitebhisi sokunciphisa senza umkhawulo ubikezeleke.
Inani akusona isikhathi sokusebenza esinganomkhawulo. Ukuthi iluphu ayisuki ebangeni layo lokushisa ngenkathi isikhungo samandla sibuya, okuguqula ukuqalisa kabusha kube ukulandelana okulawulwayo esikhundleni sokulandelana kwemishini ephukile.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela umgomo wakho wokuphazamisa, umthwalo we-IT ovikelwe ngesikhathi somcimbi, kanye nezinga lokushisa lokunikeza ongakwazi ukulibekezelela ngenkathi isitshalo siqala kabusha. Sizobuyisela ukubalwa kwesikhathi sokusebenza, ivolumu edingekayo kanye ne-dT esebenzisekayo, kanye nephepha lokucacisa elihlanganisa isigaba sokucindezela, ukufakwa kwe-insulation, kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-nozzle.
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