Umhlinzeki Wethangi Lamazi Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ububanzi, Isikhathi Sokulethwa, Nosekelo Lobuchwepheshe
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Umhlinzeki Wethangi Lamanzi Lesikhungo Sedatha: Ububanzi, Isikhathi Sokulinda, Nosekelo Lobuchwepheshe
Umhlinzeki wethangi lamanzi lesikhungo sedatha uhlulelwa ngezincwadi ezintathu: uhlu lwembono, isikhathi sokuhola esihlukaniswe ngezigaba, kanye nohlelo lokusekela. Umbo lwehlukanisa ukuthi idome, amabhawudi, ama-gasket, izinsimbi zokulinganisa, i-insulation kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesizeni kungaphakathi kwentengo; isikhathi sokuhola sinengqondo kuphela uma ukukhiqiza, ukupakisha, ukuthumela, intela kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesizeni kuhlukene; ukusekela kuphendula ukuthi ubani obuyayo uma i-coating idinga ukulungiswa. Cela ithangi lihlukaniswe ngezingxenye zokuthumela, kanye nosuku lapho ingxenye ngayinye idingeka khona esizeni. Umhlinzeki wethangi lamanzi lesikhungo sedatha kufanele ahlolwe ngomthamo wethangi elilodwa, umthamo wokufaka i-plating kanye nombo wokuhlanganiswa kwesizeni angawuthwala, ngoba lezo zinto ezintathu zinquma ukuthi umbo lokugcina lamanzi lungalethwa ngempela yini.
Kupakethe lokupholisa, ithangi livamise ukuba yisigxobo eside kakhulu futhi esingabonakali kalula. Ama-chiller akhethwa kusenesikhathi futhi afika ngohlelo lawo; amathangi okugcina afika sekwephuzile ngoba a-oda ngemuva kokuba umklamo we-hydraulic usuxazululiwe. Lapho isiza sibuza ukuthi kungani ithangi lingaboshiwe, impendulo ivamise ukuba uchungechunge lwezinsuku okungekho muntu owazibhala ngazinye: izikhala zesithando, ukupakishwa kwamaphaneli, iwindi lokuthumela, ukukhishwa kwempahla emhlabeni, kanye neqembu lokuhlanganisa.
Umphumela awukona ukubambezeleka kuphela. Uhlu lomsebenzi olungafaki i-dome, amabhawodi, amathuluzi noma umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa lusho ukuthi ibhidi yethangi eliphansi kakhulu yayingakaze ibe ukuqhathanisa okulinganayo, futhi umehluko uvela kamuva njenge-oda lesibili ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesikhathi.
Lesi sihloko sichaza indlela yokufunda ububanzi bokuhlinzekwa kusuka kumhlinzeki wethangi lamanzi lesikhungo sedatha, indlela yokuhlukanisa isikhathi sokuhola ezigabeni ezingalandelelwa ngempela, nokuthi ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kufanele kube njani lapho ithangi selineminyaka eyishumi lisebenza.
Okufanele Kubizwe Ububanzi Bokuhlinzekwa
Isilinganiso sethangi esibala kuphela ububanzi nokuphakama siyisiqalo, hhayi ububanzi. Izinto ezisohlwini olungezansi kufanele zibizwe, futhi ngayinye kufanele ifakwe noma ikhishwe ngokusobala.
· Umzimba wethangi. Amaphaneli, izinto zokuxhuma, noma yiziphi izihlukaniso zangaphakathi noma amakhoyili, kanye nokufakwa kwedizayini yesisekelo.
· Ukumboza. Uhlelo nokwakhiwa kwalo ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi nangaphandle, kanye nokuhlolwa okusetshenzisiwe. I-enamel iyikotshi yengilazi ehlanganisiwe elinganiswa ngo-0.25-0.45 mm ngaphezu kwebanga le-pH elijwayelekile lika-3-11; i-epoxy ehlanganiswe nge-fusion-bonded ibalwa ngokwakhiwa kwefilimu ngendawo ngayinye.
· Isembozo. Idome le-aluminium, isembozo esiboshiwe noma isiqongo esivulekile, kanye nomndeni waso wedizayini nendlela yokubopha.
· Izesekeli. Ama-manway, izitebhisi, izitebhisi, amathuluzi ezinga, ama-probe okushisa, ama-vent, ama-overflow, ama-drain kanye nama-nozzle flange.
· Ukufaka insulate. Ukuthi umhlinzeki noma usonkontileka wemishini ufaka insulate ithangi, nokuthi ubani onemininingwane ngebhuloho elibandayo ezisekelweni.
· Izinsiza eziyisipele. Uhlu oluchaziwe lwamabhawodi, ama-gasket, izingxenye zokuvala i-dome kanye namaphaneli, ngoba ithangi eliboshiwe lingalungiswa ngezingxenye ezihambisanayo eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.
· Amadokhumenti. Imidwebo, umlando wokumboza, irejista yezinto kanye nebhukwana le-O&M, kunikezwa kanye nethangi esikhundleni sokucelwa kamuva.
Kumhlinzeki wethangi lamanzi lesikhungo sedatha, umbuzo wobubanzi ngakho-ke uwumbuzo wokuphelela. Umhlinzeki othumela uhlu olungenhla ane-include noma i-exclude emgqeni ngamunye ucabangele ithangi njengempahla elethwayo; lowo ocaphuna ithangi elinezinto eziyisithupha zomugqa ucabangele njengoku-oda ipuleti.
Ukufunda Isikhathi Sokulinda Ngokwethembeka
Inombolo eyodwa efana ne-"amasonto ayisishiyagalombili" ayisona isikhathi sokulinda. Yisikhathi sokukhiqiza. Inguqulo elandelelwayo ibukeka kanje:
Isigaba | Kwenzekani | Yini Eyandisa |
Uku-oda nokugunyazwa komdwebo | Imidwebo ekhishwe futhi yagunyazwa umthengi | Izinguquko ezivela ekushintsheni kwe-interface |
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokwakha namaphaneli | Ukusikwa kwamapuleti, ukubunjwa, ukumbozwa nokuqiniswa esithandweni | Isibalo samaphaneli nohlelo lokumboza |
Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa | Ukuhlolwa kokumboza, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, amarekhodi okuhlolwa | Imijikelezo eyengeziwe yokulungisa emaphutheni okumboza |
Ukupakisha nokuthumela | Amabhulokhi aboshiwe futhi alayishiwe, bese ethuthelwa ethekwini | Isikhathi sokuthumela nendlela yokuhamba |
Ukungenisa kanye nokwamukelwa endaweni | Intela yempahla, ukuthutha ezweni, ukugcinwa endaweni | Imibuzo yemibhalo kanye nokuminyana kwetheku |
Ukuhlanganisa nokuqalisa ukusebenza | Ukubopha ngezibhawodi, ukumisa idome, ukugcwalisa nokuhlola | Ukutholakala kwabasebenzi kanye nesimo sezulu |
Imithetho emithathu yenza lelo thebula libe uhlelo. Okokuqala, isigaba sokugunyazwa komdwebo singaphansi kokulawulwa umthengi, ngakho kufanele sihlelelwe, hhayi ukuthi sithathwe njengento eqinisekile. Okwesibili, imijikelezo yokulungisa i-coating iyindawo evame kakhulu yokubangela iphaneli elide, yingakho ifekthri elungisa nge-furnace futhi ihlole ngama-spark amaphaneli ku-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa inciphisa umsebenzi wokulungisa ekugcineni. Okwesithathu, ukuhlanganiswa kwesayithi kungumsebenzi futhi kudinga usuku ngisho noma ithangi lingalidingi.
Lapho ithangi lingaphakathi kwezwe elilodwa, imigqa emithathu yokugcina iyancipha. Lapho liwela ulwandle, ivamise ukudlula isikhathi sokukhiqiza, futhi izingqimba zokuthumela ziwuhlelo oluxhumanisa lezi zinto ezimbili.
Izingqimba Zokuthumela Zethangi Elikhulu Lobubanzi
Ithangi lalolu hlobo aliphumi efekthri njengento eyodwa. Liphuma njengeqoqo lezingqimba, futhi uhlu lwezingqimba wuhlelo lokulethwa.
· Izingqimba zamaphaneli. Amaphaneli aboshwa nge-ring, ngakho iqembu libopha ithangi ngokulandelana okwapakishwa ngakho. Uhlu lwezingqimba olungayinaki indlela yokuhlanganisa luphoqa iqembu ukuthi lihlele umthwalo.
· Imikhawulo yosayizi. Ububanzi bukhawulwa imigwaqo nezikhumulo zemikhumbi ngaphezu kokukhawulwa yifekthri, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwamabhulokhi kufanele lulingane nomzila obanzi kunayo yonke, futhi lowo mzila kufanele uhanjwe ngaphambi kokuba ukukhiqizwa kuqale.
· Ukumaka. Amabhulokhi athwala indandatho, inombolo yephaneli nesiqondiso sokuhlanganisa, ukuze iphaneli ingakwazi ukuboshwa ngamabhawudi ibheke phansi.
· Idome nezingxenye zokufaka. Izingxenye zedome namabhatheni zithunyelwa njengamabhulokhi ahlukene, kanti izingxenye ezincane zifakwa emabhokisini avaliwe agcinwa namabhulokhi azo.
Kumhlinzeki wethangi lamanzi lesikhungo sedatha osebenza ngaphesheya kolwandle, uhlu lwamabhulokhi luphinde lunqume uhlelo lwesizinda: okhreyini, indawo yokubeka izinto kanye nezinsuku zabasebenzi konke kulandela lolo hlu. Lesi yisizathu sokucela uhlelo lwamabhulokhi esiphakamisweni senani hhayi ngemuva kokukhiqizwa, lapho ukulushintsha kusho ukuphinda kupakishwe amaphaneli asevele eqediwe.
Ukusekelwa Kokuhlanganisa nokufaka emsebenzini esizindeni
Ukuhlanganisa yilapho umkhiqizo wefekthri omuhle uba yithangi noma uba yiqoqo lezingxenye ezixegayo.
· Ukuboshwa kwayo. Isiphakamiso kufanele sisho ukuthi umhlinzeki unikeza ukugadwa kokuhlanganisa, umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa, noma izinto zokwakha kuphela. Lezi zinto ezintathu zinezinani ezahlukene kanye nengozi ehlukene.
· Amathuluzi nezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Izidingo ze-torque, izinto zokugcoba, ama-gasket namathuluzi kagesi kufanele kube yingxenye yomsebenzi, njengoba igobolondo eliboshwe lilingana nerekhodi yalo ye-torque yokuhlanganisa.
· Isimo sezulu nokulandelana. Amaphaneli aboshiwe angavalwa phakathi kwezikhathi zemvula, okuyinzuzo kunegobolondo elishiswe endaweni evulekile, kodwa idome idinga uhlelo lwayo lokwakha.
· Ukuhlola ngaphambi kokugcwalisa. Ukuqinisekiswa kosayizi weringi, ukuhlolwa kwe-coating emajoyintini ngaphambi kokuvalwa, bese kuba ukugcwalisa, izinga kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvuza.
· Ukusekelwa kokusebenza kulandela umqondo wanoma iyiphi into yesikhungo: ummeleli okhona ekugcwaliseni kokuqala, uhlu lwemisebenzi yokuvuza kwamajoyinti nokulimala kwe-coating, kanye nerekhodi lalokho okutholakele, ukuze umlando we-coating uqale ekusebenziseni kunokuba kube kamuva.
Ukusekelwa Kwezobuchwepheshe Ngemuva Kokunikezwa
Into yokugcina esikweleni sokuhlinzeka yileyo esetshenziswa eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, futhi kufanele icaciswe ngesikhathi kungekho muntu ogijimayo.
· Amaphaneli nezingxenye eziyisipele. Ithangi eliboshwe ngamabhawudi lingavulwa futhi lakhiwe kabusha, ngakho iphaneli eyisipele ehambisana naleyo yasekuqaleni iyindlela yangempela yokulungisa. Gcina izinombolo zamaphaneli emidwebeni.
· Ukulungiswa kwekhodi. Ukulungiswa endaweni kuvamile ku-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokushisa; kwi-enamel indlela kanye nemikhawulo yayo kufanele kuvunyelwane ngayo ngokubhaliwe, futhi ukulungiswa kufakwa emlandweni wekhodi, hhayi kuphela emyalezweni womsebenzi.
· Ukuqhubeka kwemibhalo. Imidwebo yokugcina, irekhodi lekhodi kanye nokulandeleka kwamaphaneli kwenza unjiniyela wesikhathi esizayo azi ukuthi ithangi liyini.
· Okulindelekile ekuphenduleni. Oxhumana naye oqanjiwe, isikhathi sokuphendula esishiwo ngenkinga yekhodi noma yokuvuza, kanye nenqubo ecacisiwe yokungena ethangini.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Into Yokuhlinzeka | Kufakiwe noma Akufakiwe | Amanothi Afanele Adingwe |
Amaphaneli Nezinto Zokuxhuma | Kufanele Kubizwe | Ukubalwa kwamaphaneli okugcinwe emidwebeni |
Uhlelo lokumboza nokwakhiwa | Kufanele kuqanjwe | I-Enamel 0.25-0.45 mm, noma i-FBE build ngokwendawo ngayinye |
Ukuhlolwa kokumboza | Kufanele kuqanjwe | Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC ngephaneli ngayinye ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Idome noma isembozo | Kufanele kuqanjwe | Umndeni wokuklama, indlela yokulungisa, ukufinyelela |
Amabhawodi, ama-gasket, amathuluzi | Kufanele kuqanjwe | Izinga elicacisiwe, irekhodi le-torque liyadingeka |
Amathuluzi kanye nama-nozzle | Kufanele kuqanjwe | Isilinganiso se-Flange esihambisana nekilasi lamapayipi |
Izingxenye zokushintsha | Kufanele kuqanjwe | Inani elichaziwe lamaphaneli nezingxenye zokuvala |
Ukuhlanganisa endaweni | Kufanele kuqanjwe | Ukugada, abasebenzi, noma impahla kuphela |
Amadokhumenti nokusekelwa | Kufanele iqanjwe | Ama-as-builts, umlando we-coating, ukuba khona kokugcwalisa okokuqala |
Icala Lomsebenzi
Umkhakha owodwa olethiwe ukhombisa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwasolwandle kwalolu hlobo kubukeka kanjani empilweni yangempela: ithangi lamanzi aphuzwayo elinobubanzi obukhulu eline-aluminium dome, elithunyelwa ngezingcezu futhi lihlanganiswe endaweni.
Isifinyezo Sedokhumenti Yecala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa |
Indonesia, amanzi aphuzwayo | Ithangi le-GFS elinedome ye-aluminium | 21,099 m³ | 42.04 m ububanzi nge-15.2 m ubude | 2025-06 |
Nakuba amaphrojekthi ethu ayisithenjwa emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile afaka uhla olungenhla, uhla lwe-TES lwesikhungo sedatha lwakhiwe ngamazinga afanayo.
Amandla Okuklama e-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isisekelo samatanki okugcina amanzi ahlanganiswe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamatanki e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile imisebenzi efakiwe engaphezu kwe-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamatanki ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amatanki angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Umthamo kanye nobukhulu bokulethwa
· Amandla omhlinzeki wesitolo samanzi abandayo alinganiswa ngumthamo omkhulu wethangi elilodwa, izinga lokufaka izingcwecwe kanye nekhono lokuthumela ngamayunithi anobubanzi bokuthumela nokuhlanganisa endaweni.
· Cishe amalungelo obunikazi e-enamel angama-200 kanye nokukhiqiza kwaminyaka yonke okungaba ama-enamel plate angama-300,000 kuhlukanisa umkhiqizi omkhulu wamagobolondo kumhwebi wamathangi.
· Amathangi angawodwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³, kanye nohlelo lwaseNamibia olungu-44,900 m³ nolwase-Indonesia olungu-21,099 m³, kubeka umkhawulo wokuthi ukuhlinzeka kwethu kungafinyelela kuwo esitolo sesikhungo sedatha.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kungani isikhathi sokulinda esicashuniwe sihluka phakathi kwethangi eliboshiwe nelashisisiwe noma elinomkhawulo wengcindezi?
Impendulo 1: Ithangi eliboshiwe lithunyelwa njengamapuleti avamile ane-enamel, ngakho uhlelo lwaso lubuswa yisikhala somshini we-enamel. Igobolondo elishisisiwe noma umkhumbi obhalwe ngekhodi udinga uku-oda izinto, inqubo yokushisela eqinisekisiwe kanye nesikhala sokuhlolwa, okuvamise ukulibeka kamuva ohlelweni lwephrojekthi.
Umbuzo 2: Yini evamise ukufakwa kububanzi bokuhlinzeka kwesitolo samanzi sesikhungo sedatha?
A2: Igobolondo kanye nolwelwesi, izinto zangaphakathi ezifana nama-inlet diffusers noma ama-distribution plenums, ama-nozzles nama-manways, igobolondo elivikelayo kanye ne-cladding yalo, futhi ngokuvamile phezulu. Amaphampu, amapayipi kanye ne-control loop kuhlala kuyiphakethe elihlukile ezinkontilekeni eziningi.
Q3: Ithangi livikelwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa nokugcinwa endaweni?
A3: Amapuleti athunyelwa ebekwe futhi evikelwe, futhi endaweni agcinwa omile futhi engaphansi komhlaba ne-coating ingonakalisiwe kuze kube sekufakweni. Noma yikuphi ukulimala kwe-coating okutholakala ngemuva kokulethwa kulungiswa endaweni ngaphambi kokuqaliswa.
Q4: Ingabe umhlinzeki oyedwa angaletha kokubili isitolo somoya kanye ne-pressurised buffer vessel?
A4: Lapho isitshalo esifanayo sisebenzisa amaphaneli aboshiwe kanye namagobolondo ashiselwe, yebo. Lezi zinhlaka ezimbili zabelana ngohlelo olulodwa lokukhiqiza ikhwalithi kodwa zicashunwa futhi zibhalwe ngokwehlukana, ngoba umngcele wengcindezi uthwala isidingo esengeziwe sokuhlolwa kanye nefayela.
Umbuzo 5: Yini okufanele umhlinzeki ayicela ngaphambi kokucaphuna umthamo wokugcina?
Impendulo 5: Izinga lokushisa lokuklama kanye ne-ΔT esebenzisekayo, isikhala sendawo kanye nendawo ephezulu, isikhathi sokukhipha esidingekayo, ukuhlelwa kwamandla okulinda, ukuthi ingaphezulu ingaphakathi kobubanzi, kanye nencazelo noma ikhodi esebenza kugobolondo.
Umphakeli wethangi lamanzi lesikhungo sedatha ukhethwa ngezinto ezintathu eziqinisekisekayo: umthamo omkhulu wethangi elilodwa umsebenzi ongawukhiqiza, uhlelo lokumboza oluhambisana nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali amanzi, kanye nekhono lokuthumela ngamaphakethe athwalelekayo nokuhlanganisa endaweni. Umthamo ongaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamamitha ayikhubhu unikezwa njengamagobolondo ahambisanayo aboshiwe noma ashiselwe esikhundleni sethangi elilodwa elikhulu kakhulu, futhi umphakeli ongafakazela womabili amagobolondo ohlelweni olulodwa lwekhwalithi unciphisa ukubuyekezwa komklamo. Cela amarekhodi esithando sokuncibilikisa kanye nokumboza, izinga lokuhlola kanye nefayela elethuliwe livela kuphrojekthi ekhona ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kuhlelo lokusebenza.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela ijika lomthwalo wokupholisa, indawo etholakalayo kanye nosuku lokugunyazwa okuqondiwe, futhi sizobuyisela inani lamathangi, ububanzi bethangi elilodwa, uhlelo lokumboza kanye nesheduli ekhombisayo ukuze ibuyekezwe.
WhatsApp