Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Esikhungo Sedatha: Ukugcinwa Kwezinsizakalo Eziningi kanye Nokuklanywa Kokusebenza Okungafani
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Esikhungweni Sedatha: Ukugcinwa Kwezinsizakalo Eziningi kanye Nokuklanywa Kokubuyisela
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi lesikhungo sedatha elisebenza imisebenzi engaphezu kweyodwa lidinga ukuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba phakathi kwemisebenzi ngaphambi kokuba lidinge umthamo owengeziwe. Ukugcinwa komlilo, ukugcwaliswa kwenqubo kanye nokupholisa okuphuthumayo kunezindlela ezahlukene zokulinganisa ubuningi, izikhathi zokusabela ezihlukene kanye nezingozi zokungcola ezihlukene, ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa ngezindawo ezinemiphumela ezimele kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga endaweni ngayinye kuvimbela ukuthi enye insizakalo ingeba amanzi kwenye. Ukwengezwa kwemisebenzi eyengeziwe kube sekufakwa njengamathangi ahambisanayo anemiphumela engahlukaniswa, ukuze umzila owodwa ungakhishwa ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kokucela isikhungo ukuthi sisebenze ngomzila owodwa kuphela.
Amanzi esitshalo esikhungweni sedatha afika ngezindlela eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukugcwaliswa kwemijikelezo evaliwe, ukugcinwa kwesistimu yomlilo, kanye nokugcinwa okuvumela isitshalo sokupholisa ukuthi sisebenze isikhathi ngemuva kokulahlekelwa ugesi noma isiqandisi. Ngakunye kwalokhu kufuna umthamo, futhi ngakunye kukufuna ngesizathu esihlukile, yingakho umbuzo wokugcina awuhlali ulula uma ithangi lomlilo kanye nethangi lokupholisa kuhlangana esigxotsheni esisodwa.
Umphumela ojwayelekile yithangi elabiwe elinokulawulwa kwezinga elilodwa, okusebenza kuze kube yilapho isigameko esisodwa sicela amanzi emisebenzini emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa, lapho ithangi linquma ngokuma kwevalvu hhayi ngokwakhiwa. Omunye umphumela ukunikezwa ngokweqile, ithangi lesibili elilingana nokusebenza konke, insimbi kanye nesisekelo okuningi kunalokho isiza esingakubeka.
Le ndatshana ibeka indlela yokwaba amanzi ethangini lokugcina amanzi esikhungo sedatha elisebenza imisebenzi engaphezu kweyodwa, indlela yokuhlukanisa ithangi elilodwa lapho ukwabelana kwamukelekile, kanye nendlela yokwakha ukungafani okungagcinwa ngaphandle kokuvalwa ngokuphelele.
Yimiphi Imisebenzi Engabelana NgeThangi Elilodwa
Ukwabelana kunengqondo phakathi kwemisebenzi enezidingo zamanzi ezifanayo kanye nesikhathi sokuphendula esifanayo. Ukwabelana kuyinkinga phakathi kwemisebenzi enemithetho ehlukene yekhwalithi noma okubalulekile okungqubuzanayo.
· Ukugcwalisa inqubo kanye nokugeza kwehhovisi kwabelana kahle: ikhemistri efanayo, isidingo esilindelekile, akukho sikhathi sokuhola esiphuthumayo.
· Indawo yokugcina umlilo iyisigaba esihlukile. Ubuningi bayo buchazwa ngumklamo wokuvikela futhi ukudonswa kwayo kwenzeka esigamekweni esisodwa, ngakho ukuxuba nesevisi yansuku zonke kungabeka engcupheni ukuthi indawo yokugcina isetshenziswe ngokuthula ngaphambi kwalowo mcimbi.
· Isiqiwu sokuphepha sokupholisa sihlezi eduze kwesekethe elivaliwe ngekhwalithi futhi silinganiswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza hhayi ngefomula engaguquki. Ingozi yokuxhumana okuhlukile isalokhu ikhona: isiphumeli esisodwa esisebenza iphampu yomlilo nephampu yokupholisa senza isimo se-valve sinqume ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi ozokwenziwa kuqala.
Esimeni samanzi esigcinayo sedatha yesikhungo, ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kulula: uma izinsizakalo ezimbili zingakwazi ukulandelelwa zibuyiselwe emapompini ahlukene ngamamitha ahlukene, umklamo awukapheli. Lapho imisebenzi emibili isetshenziswa ethangini elilodwa, umgudu wokuphuma wensizakalo esezingeni eliphansi kufanele ube segatsheni elingavalwa, futhi igatsha lidinga ukuhlolwa ukuze kuvinjwe ukuhlehla kwengcindezi ehambisa amanzi phakathi kwemisebenzi.
Ukuhlukaniswa Ngaphakathi Kwethangi Elabiwe
Lapho ukwabelana kwamukelwa, ithangi kufanele lihlukaniswe kunokuba limane limenyezelwe njengensizakalo eminingi.
· Ukuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba. Udonga lokuhlukanisa olunomhlabathi ovaliwe lunikeza imizimba emibili yamanzi ehlanganyela isisekelo kodwa hhayi izinga, ngayinye inendawo yayo yokuphuma, idreyini nomoya.
· Ukulawulwa kwezinga okuzimele. Isigaba ngasinye sinomthumeli waso, ngakho indawo yokugcina yesimo esiphuthumayo ayikwazi ukudonswa yimijikelezo evamile yokugcwalisa kwesinye isigaba.
· Izindlela zokuchichima ezihlukene. Ukuchichima okwabiwe kungakhipha indawo yokugcina emseleni ngesikhathi sokwanda kwenye indawo, ngakho ukuchichima kwenzeka esigabeni ngasinye.
· Ukufinyelela kokuhlola. Ukuhlukanisa kwenza ithangi libe nzima ukungena kulo, ngakho izimbobo zokungena ezinhlangothini zombili kufanele zibe semklamweni wokwakha kunokuba kube ukuvumelana kamuva.
Izindawo ezihlukanisiwe zishintsha indaba yengcindezi futhi: izigaba ezimbili ezingeni elihlukile zingamakhanda amabili amile egobolondweni elifanayo, futhi indawo egcwele yesimo esiphuthumayo akufanele ibeke ikhanda layo esigabeni esisebenzisa amanzi. Ithangi lokugcina amanzi lesikhungo sedatha elabiwe lapho liba yiqembu lemikhumbi emincane, futhi imininingwane yegobolondo kufanele isho lokho.
Ukuphindaphinda ngezithangi ezihambisanayo
Ukuphindaphinda esitolo ngokuvamile kulula kunokuphindaphinda emaphampini: amathangi amabili, ngalinye likwazi ukugcina umthamo odingekayo, axhunywe ukuze noma yiliphi likwazi ukusebenzela isekethe ngenkathi elinye lingasebenzi.
Ukukhetha Kwedizayini | Indlela Eyodwa | Indlela Enezinsiza Ezengeziwe |
Inani lamathangi | Isitsha esisodwa sayo yonke imisebenzi | Amatsha amabili noma ngaphezulu ngamaqembu ahambisanayo |
Ukwehlukanisa | Asikho isimo se-valve okufanele siphathwe | Isiphumeli ngasinye siyahlukaniseka ukuze silungiswe |
Indlela yokwehluleka | Ukulahlekelwa yisiqiwu sonke | Ukulahlekelwa isitimela esisodwa kuphela |
Ukulungisa | Ithangi elingasebenzi lisho ukuthi asikho isiqiwu | Isitimela esisodwa siyasebenza kanti esinye siphethe isiqiwu |
Amapayipi | Ukuxhumana okuqondile kuheda elilodwa elivamile | Iheda elinama-valve okuxhuma nama-valve okuhlola |
Umthetho wokusebenza ngemuva kwalelo thebula ukuthi ukuhlelwa okungadingekile kuba okungadingekile kuphela uma ukuhlukaniswa kufinyeleleka ngaphambi komcimbi okukuvikela, ngakho-ke ama-valve okuhlukanisa ahlala emzileni wokunakekela ojwayelekile hhayi ngemuva kwegumbi lempompo.
· Inani lamathangi nokuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu. Amathangi amabili anengxenye yevolumu edingekayo, noma ithangi elilodwa eligcwele umthamo ophelele kanye nesihlanzisi esincane, kufaneleka ezindaweni ezahlukene zesiza. Ivolumu okufanele isinde ilandela umcimbi omubi kakhulu okholakalayo, hhayi isilinganiso.
· Umqondo wokuxhumana. Ukuxhumana okuvaliwe ngokujwayelekile kuvumela ukudluliswa; okuxhumene okuvulekile ngokujwayelekile kuvumela ukuthi isitimela sikhishwe ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa isekethe. Isimo esikhethiwe sifanele sibe semthethweni wokulandelana.
· Ukuhlelwa kokugcwalisa. Isitimela ngasinye sidinga indlela yaso yokugcwalisa, ngakho-ke isitimela sesibili asincikile ekutheni esokuqala sigcwele.
· Amabhendi ezinga ne-alamu. Ngamasitimela amabili, ukulawulwa kwezinga kushintsha phakathi kwawo futhi izindawo zokushintsha akufanele zombili zihlale ngaphakathi kwebhendi ye-alamu ephansi.
Izindawo Zokuxhumana Zamanzi Omlilo Nezokupholisa Eziphuthumayo
Indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwendawo egciniwe yomlilo nendawo egciniwe yokupholisa yilapho iningi lamadizayini okugcina izinsiza eziningi linqunywa khona, kungaba ngokwehlukanisa noma ngokwabelana ngomzimba owodwa olawulwa ngokucacile.
· Ukwehlukanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lapho imithetho yokuvikela esebenzayo ichaza inani lendawo egciniwe yomlilo, lelo nani lihlala litholakala futhi likhonjwa ohlelweni lokugcina.
· Ukushintsha umsebenzi. Umzimba owabiwe udinga ukushintsha okucacisiwe: iyiphi iphampu eqala kuqala, ngaliphi izinga, futhi ubani owaziswayo. Ukushintsha okungabhalwe phansi kuguqula ithangi elabiwe libe yingxabano ngesikhathi sehlakalo.
· Umthombo wokuhlobisa kanye nesimo sezulu. Yomibili imisebenzi idonsa emthonjeni ofanayo, ngakho uma umthombo wehluleka yomibili imigqa iyahlala ingenalutho futhi ukungafani kwezinga lethangi kuphela akunakubamba. Ithangi langaphandle elingashiswanga eliphethe iresiphu yomlilo lidinga ilidreyini noma imininingwane yokushisa, kanti iresiphu yokupholisa ephuthumayo idinga ukunakwa okufanayo ngesizathu esisodwa esengeziwe: amanzi alindile afudumele awabalulekile njengamanzi alindile abandayo.
Kuthangi lokugcina amanzi lesikhungo sedatha, umsebenzi wokupholisa ophuthumayo yiwona ovame ukungezwa sekwephuzile, ngoba uncike ekubalweni kwesikhathi sokusebenza kunekhodi yokuvikela. Ukungeza kamuva ngokuvamile kusho ukungeza umgudu wesibili wokuphuma, ibhendi yesibili yezinga futhi mhlawumbe umugqa wesibili, okushibhe kakhulu ukunquma ngenkathi ithangi lisacaciswa.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Into | Inani Elijwayelekile noma Inketho | Kungani Kucaciswa |
Ukwehlukaniswa kwemisebenzi | Izindawo ezihlukene noma imigqa ehlukene ngomsebenzi ngamunye | Ukungqubuzana kwezinto ezibalulekile kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwekhwalithi |
Ivolumu yomlilo egciniwe | Ngokohlelo lokuvikela olusebenzayo | Kuchazwa ubukhulu bokuvikela, hhayi ngokulinganisa |
Ivolumu yokupholisa ephuthumayo | Kusuka esikhathini sokusebenza esidingekayo kanye nesidingo sesekethe | Kubeka amanzi abandayo asebenzisekayo ku-ΔT yokuklama |
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo | Isahlukaniso sangaphansi esivaliwe, umgudu wokuphuma nowokukhipha ozimele | Kugcina umsebenzi owodwa ungadonsi komunye |
Ukulawulwa kwezinga | Ngokwesithumeli sendawo ngayinye esinezixwayiso eziphezulu neziphansi | Kufaka esikhundleni sephoyinti elilodwa lokusetha elabiwe |
Ukuxhumana | Kuvulekile ngokujwayelekile noma kuvaliwe ngokujwayelekile, namavalvu okuhlola | Kuchaza ukuziphatha kokudluliswa |
Ukuxhumana kokugcwalisa | Indlela yokugcwalisa ezimele eya esitimeleni ngasinye | Kususa ukuncika phakathi kwezitimela |
Umoya ophumayo, ukuchichima nokufinyelela | Ngokwesigaba ngasinye, kanye nokungena esigabeni ngasinye kanye nephansi elihlolwayo | Kugwema ukugeza indawo egciniwe, kugcina ukuhlolwa kungenzeka |
Idome noma isembozo | Idome le-aluminium, isembozo esiboshiwe noma isihloko esivulekile | Ukufinyelela kokunakekela nokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu |
Isimo Somklamo
Ukulethwa kwamathangi amaningi amathangi amakhulu ayindilinga ahlanganisiwe aboshwe ngezibophelelo kuya emsebenzini wamanzi angcolile kamasipala kubonisa indlela iqembu lamathangi eliphindaphindwayo elihlelwa, ligcwaliswa futhi liqaliswe ngayo endaweni eyodwa.
Isifinyezo Sedokhumenti Yephrojekthi
Iphrojekthi | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa |
Sichuan, China emanzini angcolile kamasipala | Ithangi le-GFS | 17,420 m³ kuma-tank angu-10 | Ngokwesilinganiso somsebenzi | 2023-2024 |
Jiangsu, China amanzi angcolile kamasipala | Ithangi le-GFS | 4,093 m³ kumathangi ama-2 | Ngokwesilinganiso somsebenzi | 2023-2024 |
Nakuba amaphrojekthi ethu ayisithenjwa asetshenzisiwe emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile ahlanganisa izigaba ezingenhla, umkhakha we-TES wesikhungo sedatha wakhiwe ngamazinga afanayo.
Amandla Okusebenza Kwe-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Imisebenzi ehlanganyelwe kanye nendawo evalekile ephezulu
· Ibhange elilodwa lamathangi angabonakalayo lingasebenza imisebenzi elawulwayo ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku uma indlela yokungena, indlela yokuphuma kanye nokulandelana kwezinga kuhlukanisiwe, okuyindlela inqubo yokugcwalisa, indawo yokugcina yomlilo kanye nokupholisa okuphuthumayo okwabelana ngayo ngendawo eyodwa.
· Idome ye-aluminium noma izembozo eziyisicaba zigcina amanzi emvula nemfucumfucu zingangeni ethangini elihlanganyelwe futhi zinciphisa imvamisa yokuhlola ngeyunithi yevolumu egciniwe.
· Uhlelo lukamasipala waseSichuan lwamathangi ayishumi anengqikithi engu-17,420 m³ (2024-07) kanye namathangi amabili kamasipala waseJiangsu angu-4,093 m³ kukhombisa amabhange amathangi amaningi lapho imisebenzi eminingana ilawulwa umnikazi kanye nomqhubi esizeni esisodwa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi elilodwa lingakwazi ngempela ukuthwala indawo yokugcina yomlilo kanye nokupholisa okuphuthumayo?
A1: Kungakwazi, kodwa kuphela ngokuhlukaniswa kwendawo okubonakalayo, izindawo zokukhipha ezihlukene kanye nokulawula izinga okuhlukene. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isidingo sansuku zonke sokugcwalisa sincintisana nendawo egciniwe okwakufanele ingathintwa, futhi yomibili imisebenzi igcina ishoda.
Q2: Ingabe ithangi elilodwa elikhulu lingcono kunamabili amancane?
A2: Kubiza kancane esisekelweni nasemapayipini futhi kubamba umthamo omningi osebenzisekayo ngeyunithi ngayinye yensimbi, kodwa noma yimuphi umsebenzi wangaphakathi umisa indawo egciniwe. Izitimela ezimbili zibiza kakhulu futhi zivumela enye ukuthi isetshenziswe ngenkathi enye iyibamba.
Umbuzo 3: Ibalwa kanjani inani lamanzi okupholisa esimo esiphuthumayo?
Impendulo 3: Kusukela esikhathini sokusebenza kanye nokugeleza kwesekethe, kulungiswa ngokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa okusebenzekayo kanye nokulahleka kokushisa kwethangi. Izicabango kufanele zirekhodwe ukuze le nombolo ibuyekezwe njengoba umthwalo ukhula.
Umbuzo 4: Yini eshintshayo uma amathangi ehlezi ngaphandle esimweni sezulu esibandayo?
Impendulo 4: Izindlela zokukhipha amanzi kanye nokuvikela ukufa kwamanzi abambekile kudinga impendulo yesimo sezulu, futhi indawo yomlilo ethangini elingashisisi ihluke. Ukugcinwa ngaphandle kubuye kufake ugobolondo ekushintshaneni kokushisa okuningi kunethangi langaphakathi.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe ithangi elabiwe lidinga ama-valve okuhlola?
Impendulo 5: Yebo, lapho imisebenzi emibili ihlangana kukhanda elivamile, ama-valve okuhlola noma i-valve ephindwe kabili ene-bypass ivimbela umsebenzi owodwa ukuthi ungadudli amanzi kowesibili. Ukuhlelwa kufanele kudwetshwe nengqondo yokushintsha.
Umbuzo 6: Ubani ochaza inani lomlilo eligciniwe?
A6: Umdwebo wokuvikela ofanele wesizinda, hhayi umhlinzeki wethangi. Imidwebo kufanele ibonise ukuthi leyo nani ihlala kuphi ohlelweni lokugcina nokuthi igcinwa kanjani itholakala.
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi lesikhungo sedatha elisetshenziselwa imisebenzi eminingi liyinkinga yokwabiwa ngaphambi kokuba kube inkinga yevolumu. Hlukanisa imisebenzi engqubuzanayo, hlukanisa ngezindawo leyo ehlanganyelwayo, nikeza indawo ngayinye umphumela wayo, izinga kanye nomsele, bese wengeza imigqa ehambisanayo enokuhlukaniswa okufinyelelekayo ukuze ukulungiswa kungasusi isipele sokugcina.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela imisebenzi oyifunayo ethangini elilodwa, inani lemali yomlilo elivela ekwakhiweni kwakho kokuvikela kanye nesikhathi sokupholisa okuphuthumayo, futhi sizobuyisela ukuhlelwa kwezindawo kanye nokuhlelwa kwezitimela ngamasethi wamazinga, ama-valve okuxhuma kanye nemininingwane yokufinyelela ethangini lakho lokugcina amanzi esikhungweni sedatha. Uma isayithi licabanga ithangi elilodwa elikhulu ngokumelene nezitimela ezimbili, cela kokubili nemiphumela yazo yokunakekela.
WhatsApp