Umhlahlandlela Wokuhlela Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Esikhungweni Sedatha
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Umhlahlandlela Wokuhlela Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Esikhungweni Sedatha
Hlela ukugcinwa kwamanzi esikhungweni sedatha ngokusebenza kusuka emithwalweni kuya emathangini ngokulandelana: qoqa imisebenzi yomlilo nokupholisa, linganisa indawo yokugcina yomlilo ye-NFPA 22 kusuka ekuhambeni kwepompo x isikhathi, linganisa indawo yokugcina yokugcwalisa kusuka ekuhwamukeni, ekudonseni, ekushayweni phansi nasekuhlanjululweni, linganisa ibhafa epholile ne-TES kusuka ku-delta-T kanye nenhloso yokushintsha, bese uhlela indawo, isisekelo, ukwakhiwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-BMS/EPMS. Uhlu lokuhlola olubhaliwe luvimbela ukushiywa okuvame kakhulu - ukuphatha esinye sezindawo ezintathu zokugcina njengento ecatshangelwa ngemuva.
Ukulinganisa ithangi lamanzi lesikhungo sedatha kulula kuphela uma kuhlelwe ngendlela efanele. Amaphrojekthi amaningi akhetha ithangi kuqala bese ecabanga umsebenzi walo ngemuva, okuyiyona ndlela okugcina ngayo izinqolobane zomlilo zingalingani noma amathangi okugcwalisa angcolisa umjikelezo. Lo mhlahlandlela uhamba ngokulandelana kokuhlela - kusukela kudatha yomthwalo kuya esicacisweni esilungele isiza - futhi ugcina ngohlu lokuhlola onjiniyela abangalufaka kuphakheji yokuklama. Kubhalelwe abantu okufanele ngempela balethe ithangi, hhayi nje ukugunyaza isabelomali.
Qala Ngemithwalo Yokupholisa Nezomlilo
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinombolo ezintathu, wonke usayizi wethangi olandelayo uba ukuqagela.
· Umthwalo womlilo. Khipha izinga lokugeleza kwepompo yomlilo kanye nobude besikhathi esidingekayo se-NFPA 22 kusukela ekuklameni kokuphepha kwempilo.
· Umthwalo wokupholisa. Thwebula izinga lokujikeleza, ibanga, imijikelezo yokugxila kanye nokudonsa kombhoshongo/isifudumezi.
· Umthwalo wenqubo. Bhala uhlu lokudla kukabhayela, ukufudumeza kanye nanoma yikuphi ukugezwa kwenqubo okudonsa kusistimu efanayo.
Ukulinganisa Isinqolobane Sokuvikela Umlilo
· Umthamo = ukugeleza kwepompo x isikhathi. Imiklamo ejwayelekile ibamba amahora angu-2-4; amakhampasi amakhulu angabamba okuningi.
· Okunikezelwe futhi okungapheli. I-NFPA 22 idinga indawo yokugcina enikezelwe enepayipi elingapheli - isethembiso sokuphatha asanele.
· Okusebenzayo vs okujwayelekile. Cabangela isikhala sokuphela kokudonsa, ukuchichima kanye nemajini yokulwa ne-vortex; umthamo osebenzisekayo ungaphansi kwelebula legama.
Ukulinganisa Kosayizi Wendawo Yokugcina Yokusetshenziswa Nokwenziwa Kabusha
· Isisekelo sokuhwamuka. Cishe u-0.8-1.6% wokujikeleza nge-10 deg F yebanga.
· Engeza i-drift ne-blowdown. I-drift ~0.001-0.005% yokugeleza; i-blowdown = ukuhwamuka / (imijikelezo - 1).
· Engeza imajini yokugeza emuva nokudlulisa. Ukugeza emuva kwesihlungi nokudlulisa okujwayelekile kusetha usayizi wethangi osebenzayo.
Ukulinganisa Kwesigcini Sokubandisa Ne-TES
· Isigcini. Hlosa imizuzu engu-3-15 yokusebenza kwesibandisi ekulinganiseni i-delta-T (umthamo kusuka ku-rho x cp x delta-T); okwengeziwe kwimithwalo eguquguqukayo.
· TES. Usayizi oya kunhloso yokushintsha okungekho esigabeni esiphakeme; ugcina cishe u-9-12 kWh ngemitha yekhube ngayinye ngokushintsha kuka-8-10 deg C.
· Ukuhlukaniswa. Ama-diffusers kanye nokuma kwethangi kuvikela i-thermocline; ukuklama okubi kubhubhisa umthamo osebenzisekayo.
Ukuhlela Indawo, Isisekelo Nokumisa
· Okuboshiwe vs okushiswelwe. Amaphaneli aboshiwe athunyelwa ngamakhonteyina futhi amiswa ngokushesha; okushiswelwe kudinga umsebenzi womhlaba nesikhathi esengeziwe.
· Imithwalo yesisekelo. Qinisekisa umthwalo wesisekelo sethangi, kufaka phakathi izimo ezigcwele nezokuhlola, nonjiniyela wesakhiwo.
· Ukugadwa kokwakhiwa. Hlela i-crane, ukubekwa kwamaphaneli kanye nobubanzi bokugadwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale umzila obalulekile.
Ukuhlanganiswa Ne-BMS/EPMS Nezixwayiso
· Izimpawu. Izinga, izinga lokushisa kanye nesimo sephampu kudla i-BMS/EPMS; amathangi omlilo engeza izixwayiso zezinga/izinga lokushisa/tamper.
· Ukuvikelwa ekugandeni. Cacisa ithangi, i-riser kanye namapayipi avulekile ezindaweni ezibandayo.
· Ukuqinisekisa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic, ukuhlolwa kwe-coating kanye nohlelo olubhaliwe lokugcwalisa/nokunakekela kuvala umjikelezo.
Uhlu Lokuhlela Olusebenzayo
· 1. Imithwalo iqoqiwe. Ukugeleza/isikhathi sephampu yomlilo, ukujikeleza, ububanzi, imijikelezo, ukudonswa kwenqubo kuqinisekisiwe.
· 2. Indawo yomlilo ilinganisiwe. Ukugeleza kwephampu x isikhathi; amapayipi azinikezelwe; umthamo osebenzayo uqinisekisiwe.
· 3. Ukugcwalisa kulinganisiwe. Ukuhwamuka + ukukhukhuleka + ukuphefumula + umkhawulo wokugeza.
· 4. Usayizi we-Buffer/TES. Umthetho we-Delta-T / okuhlosiwe kokushintsha kwesikhathi esingasetshenziswa kakhulu; ama-diffusers acacisiwe.
· 5. Impahla nezitifiketi. I-NSF/ANSI 61 uma iseduze namanzi okuphuza; i-EN 1090/CE; i-ISO 9001/45001.
· 6. Indawo nokuhlanganiswa. Isisekelo, ukwakhiwa, izexwayiso ze-BMS/EPMS, ukuvikelwa kokuqandisa kuhleliwe.
Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe
Isinyathelo sokuhlela | Isenzo / ifomula | Izinga |
Indawo yokugcina yomlilo | Ukugeleza kwepompo x isikhathi (2-4 h) | NFPA 22 |
Umthamo wokugcina wokwengeza | Ukuhwamuka 0.8-1.6%/10F ibanga + ukukhukhuleka + ukukhishwa kwamanzi + imajini | AWWA / indawo |
Blowdown | Ukuhwamuka / (imijikelezo yokugxilisa - 1) | |
I-buffer epholile | 3-15 min ukusebenza kwe-chiller ku-design delta-T | Ukuklanywa kwendawo |
TES | ~9-12 kWh/m3 ngokushintsha kuka-8-10 deg C | Idizayini ehlukanisiwe |
Isakhiwo | I-AWWA D103-09 eboshwe ngezibophezelo / i-D100 edidiyelwe | AWWA |
Isitifiketi | I-NSF/ANSI 61 uma iseduze namanzi okuphuza | I-NSF/ANSI 61 |
Isifundo Sombandela Wephrojekthi
I-Center Enamel ihlinzeke ngamathangi okugcina amanzi okuzivikela emlilweni emiklamweni emazweni angaphezu kwe-100, akhiwe ngokwe-NFPA 22 duty ngobuchwepheshe obufanayo be-GFS obuboshiwe obusebenza ekuvikelweni komlilo kwesikhungo sedatha. Iphrojekthi elethiwe ngezansi iwukufakwa kwangempela kokuvikela umlilo; ifakiwe ngoba ukulinganisa kwendawo yokugcina ededicated kanye nenqubo yokumisa kulandela ukuhlela okufanayo umthangi womlilo wesikhungo sedatha okulandelayo.
Iphrojekthi Yethangi Lamanzi Okuzivikela Emlilweni
Indawo yephrojekthi | Ukusetshenziswa | Umthamo | Uhlobo lwethangi | Inani x ubukhulu | Uphahla | Kuqediwe |
I-China | Ukuvikelwa komlilo (NFPA 22) | 1,320 m3 | Ithangi le-GFS eliboshiwe | 2 x Ø7.64 m x 14.4 m | Akucacisiwe | 2023 |
Ubungcweti Benkampani
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd.), umkhiqizi wamathangi okugcina izinto aboshiwe futhi ashiselwe owasungulwa ngo-2008, ukhiqiza amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS), i-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokushisa, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi egqwalisiwe kanye namathangi ashiselwe kanye nophahla lwedome le-geodesic le-aluminium kanye nemikhumbi yengcindezi ye-ASME. Imikhiqizo yamathangi ayo iqinisekisiwe nge-ISO 9001, ISO 45001, NSF/ANSI 61, EN 1090/CE, WRAS kanye ne-FM, futhi isidluliselwe emisebenzini yamaphrojekthi emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Ohlelweni lwedatha yesikhungo, iphuzu elisebenzayo ukuthi uqinisekise izitifiketi, amaphrojekthi okubhekiselwa kuwo kanye nokwesekwa kobunjiniyela ngaphambi kokunikezwa - amandla, hhayi intengo kuphela, avikela impilo yesikhungo yeminyaka eyi-10-15. Umkhiqizi ofanayo angakwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yokuvikela umlilo, yokugcwalisa kanye neyamanzi abandayo, kanye nophahla lwedome le-geodesic le-aluminium kanye nemikhumbi yengcindezi ye-ASME lapho umklamo uwudinga khona.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo: Ngingayihlela kanjani ithangi lokugcina amanzi lesikhungo sedatha?
Impendulo: Sebenza kusukela emithwalweni kuya emathangini ngokulandelana: qoqa imisebenzi yomlilo nokupholisa, linganisa indawo yokugcina yomlilo ye-NFPA 22 kusukela ekuhambeni kwepompo x isikhathi, linganisa ukugcwaliswa kabusha kusukela ekuhwamukeni/ekukhukhuleni/ekukhishweni kwamanzi/ekugezweni emuva, linganisa i-buffer ne-TES kusukela ku-delta-T, bese uhlela indawo, isisekelo, ukwakhiwa nokuhlanganiswa kwe-BMS.
Umbuzo: Ngingalinganisa kanjani ithangi lamanzi omlilo lesikhungo sedatha?
A: Sebenzisa i-NFPA 22: umthamo ulingana nokugeleza kwepompo yomlilo okuphindwe isikhathi esidingekayo (ngokuvamile amahora angu-2-4). Umthamo wokugcina kufanele ube owokukhethekile onezintambo zokuhamba unomphela, futhi kufanele usebenzise umthamo osebenzayo (osebenzisekayo), hhayi oweplathini yegama.
Q: Ngingayilinganisa kanjani ithangi lamanzi okwengeza lesikhungo sedatha?
A: Qala ekuhwamukeni okucishe kube ngu-0.8-1.6% wokujikeleza ngakunye kuka-10 deg F webanga, wengeze ukukhukhuleka (~0.001-0.005% wokugeleza) nokukhishwa kwamanzi (ukuhwamuka kuhlukaniswe ngemijikelezo kususwe okukodwa), bese wengeza ukuhlanza isihlungi kanye nemajini yokudlulisa.
Q: Ithangi lokugcina lamanzi apholile kufanele libe likhulu kangakanani?
A: Umthetho ojwayelekile uhlosela imizuzu engu-3-15 yokusebenza kwesipholisi ku-delta-T yokuklama (umthamo usuka ekuminyaneni x ukushisa okukhethekile x delta-T), kanti okwengeziwe kwezinto eziguquguquka kakhulu. Ithangi le-TES lilinganiswa esikhundleni salokho ngokushintsha kokupholisa okungekho esigabeni sokuphumula.
Q: Yiluphi uhlelo lwesisekelo nokwakhiwa oludinga ithangi?
A: Qinisekisa umthwalo wesisekelo sethangi okuhlanganisa nezimo zokugcwalisa nokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic nomunjiniyela wezakhiwo, hlela ukuthunyelwa kwephaneli/ukuhlelwa/ukulawulwa kwe-crane nokugadwa kokwakhiwa, bese unquma phakathi kwe-bolted ne-welded ngokusekelwe esivinini nomthamo.
Q: Yimaphi amasignali okufanele athunyelwe ithangi lesikhungo sedatha ku-BMS/EPMS?
A: Izinga, izinga lokushisa nesimo sephampu kudla i-BMS/EPMS; amathangi omlilo ngaphezu kwalokho athumela izinga, izinga lokushisa nezexwayiso zokugadwa kuphaneli yomlilo. Ukuvikelwa kweqhwa kwethangi, i-riser namapayipi avulekile kucaciswa yisimo sezulu.
Q: Ngabe ngidinga i-NSF/ANSI 61 kuhlelo lwethangi lesikhungo sedatha?
A: Yebo lapho amanzi ephuzwayo noma eduze namanzi aphuzwayo (i-cooling-tower makeup engathinta amasistimu aphuzwayo). Amanzi e-process water ahlanzekile angavaliwe ngaphandle kokuxhumana namanzi aphuzwayo awadingi ngokuqinile, kodwa umcacisi nekhodi yikho okunqumayo.
Umbuzo: Iphutha elivame kakhulu ekuhleleni ithangi lesikhungo sedatha yini?
Impendulo: Ukuthatha esinye sezinqolobane ezintathu - ngokuvamile umlilo noma ukugcwalisa - njengento ecatshangelwa ngemuva, noma ukuzihlanganisa zibe yithangi elilodwa elingahlukanisiwe elibeka engcupheni ukutholakala komlilo noma izinga lamanzi.
Ukuhlelwa kokugcinwa kwamanzi esikhungweni sedatha kuyaphumelela lapho kuqhutshwa umthwalo futhi kulandelana: imisebenzi yomlilo nokupholisa kuqala, usayizi wamathangi yesibili, indawo nokuhlanganiswa ekugcineni. Uhlu lokuhlola kulo mhlahlandlela luguqula lokho kulandelana kube yiphakethe eliphindaphindwayo, ukuze ithangi elifika endaweni yilona elidingwa ngempela isikhungo - hhayi ukuqagela okuhlanekezelwe.
Thumela idatha yakho yokugeleza/isikhathi sepompo yomlilo kanye nedatha yeluphu yokupholisa, futhi sizobuyisela usayizi wendawo yokugcina umlilo ye-NFPA 22, usayizi wendawo yokugcwalisa kanye nesincomo se-buffer/TES kanye nemithwalo yesisekelo sephakethe lakho ledizayini.
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