Ingozi Yamanzi Esikhungweni Sedatha Nokumelana Nesomiso: I-WUE, Izinhlelo Zokulungiselela Nezinye Izindawo Zamanzi
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ubungozi Bamanzi Esikhungo Sedatha Nokumelana Nesomiso: I-WUE, Izinhlelo Zokulungiselela Kanye Neminye Imithombo
Izingozi zamanzi esikhungo sedatha ukuchayeka isiza esibucayi ebhekana nakho lapho ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi asetshenziselwa ukupholisa nokucubungula kuphazanyiswa isomiso, imikhawulo noma ukwehluleka, futhi ukuqina kwesomiso yikhono elihleliwe lokugcina lawo manzi etholakala ngokusebenzisa izigcawu zokugcina kanye neminye imithombo. Lo mkhakha uhlanganisa indlela yokusebenza ebikiwe — Ukusebenza Kokusetshenziswa Kwamanzi (WUE), amanzi omnyaka wesiza ahlukaniswe ngamandla emishini ye-IT — kanye nomthamo wezimo eziphuthumayo (izinsuku zokugcina endaweni) kanye neminye imithombo efana namanzi kamasipala abuyiselwe, amanzi emvula agciniwe kanye nokugcinwa emhlabathini. Idizayini eqinile ayincikile emthonjeni owodwa wamanzi; iphethe amathangi okugcina, uhlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo olubhaliwe kanye nomthombo owodwa okungenani ohlukile ukuze isigameko sesomiso singabi ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Isikhungo sedatha singalahlekelwa ugesi bese sisetshenziswa esinye; asikwazi ukulahlekelwa amanzi okupholisa bese sivele sishintshele kwelinye eliyisipele. Ukupholisa kuqhubeka njalo, kusebenzisa amanzi amaningi, futhi ezindaweni eziningi kuya ngokuya kuba sengozini yesomiso, imikhawulo kamasipala kanye nesidingo esincintisanayo. Ngakho-ke ingozi yamanzi iyinkinga yokuqina, hhayi nje into yokulondolozwa kwemvelo, futhi ilinganiswa, ihlelwa futhi incishiswa ngokuqinile okufanayo nokokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Abanikazi abalandelela kuphela inombolo yokusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokugcina umthamo wesipele nemithombo ehlukile babhekana nengozi ngaso leso sikhathi lapho ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi omkhulu kuvinjelwa. Le ndatshana ichaza ukuthi ingozi yamanzi ezikhungweni zedatha ibekwa kanjani, ukuthi i-WUE ilinganisa ini ngempela, nokuthi isitoreji sesipele nemithombo ehlukile kuvala kanjani igebe lokuqina.
Ubungozi Bamanzi Buyisimo Esibucayi Emsebenzini, Hhayi Isilinganiso Sokuzimela Kuphela
Ubungozi bamanzi esikhungo sedatha yithuba kanye nomphumela wokulahlekelwa ukupholisa noma amanzi okusebenza, futhi kufanele kuphathwe njengobungozi bokuqhubeka okunohlelo olucacisiwe lokulungiselela, hhayi njengombhalo wencwadi yokubika. Ukuphazamiseka kokupholisa kuphenduka ngqo ekucishweni komshini ngenxa yokushisa, ngakho ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kufanele kucatshangelwe ngendlela efanayo nokwethembeka kwamandla.
· Isomiso nokukhawulelwa. Izikhathi ezinde zokoma zibangela ukuthi umasipala anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okungekona okubalulekile noma ngisho nokubalulekile, okusongela ngqo isiza esinombhobho owodwa.
· Ukwehluleka kokuphakelwa. Ukugqashuka kombhobho omkhulu, ukwehluleka kwepompo noma ukuphazamiseka kokuhlanza kungasusa umthombo oyinhloko ngaphandle kwesixwayiso esincane.
· Isidingo esincintisanayo. Emikhakheni yemifula ecindezelwe, ukudonswa kwamanzi ezikhungweni zedatha kubhekana nengcindezi yezomthetho noma yomphakathi ngesikhathi sokushoda.
· Umphumela. Ngokungafani nokwehla kukagesi okufushane, ukulahlekelwa ukupholisa kunewashi eliqinile lokushisa; isiza sidinga amanzi asendaweni ukuze kuvalwe igebe.
Ukubeka amanzi njengengozi yokuqhubeka yikho okuthethelela amathangi okugcina nokunye imithombo engeyona eyombhobho omkhulu okungeyona imibiko yokusebenza kahle kuphela engayenza.
Izilinganiso ze-WUE Zesiza Samanzi Ngokumelene Namandla e-IT
I-Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) iyimetric ye-Green Grid ehlukanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi esizeni sonyaka wonke ngamandla asetshenziswa yimishini ye-IT ngonyaka, iveza ukugxila kwamanzi ngeyunithi ngayinye yokubala, futhi iyinombolo abanikazi abayibikayo futhi abayilinganisayo. Ukuqonda ifomula iyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuyilawula.
Imetric | Incazelo | Lokho ekubambayo |
WUE | Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi esizeni ngonyaka ÷ amandla emishini ye-IT | Ubukhulu bamanzi obuphelele besikhungo |
PUE | Amandla aphelele esikhungo ÷ amandla emishini ye-IT | Ubukhulu bamandla aphelele (umongo we-WUE) |
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi esizeni | Ukuhwamuka, i-blowdown, kamasipala, anqunyiwe, abuyisiwe | Yonke imithombo ibalwa kunombolo ophezulu |
Amandla e-IT | Amandla amaseva nesitoreji | Isihlukanisi esilungisa i-WUE |
I-WUE ibikwa ngamalitha (noma amagaloni) nge-kWh yamandla e-IT. Ngenxa yokuthi isibali sibala wonke amanzi alethwa endaweni, ukukhethwa komthombo — amanzi kagesi noma amanzi avuniwe noma abuyiselwe — kanye nokubuyiswa kwe-blowdown kushintsha ngqo isikolo. I-WUE iyithuluzi lokubika nokulinganisa; ukuqina kuwumkhakha ohlukile, wokusebenza owakhiwe phezu kwayo.
Isitoreji Sesimo Esiphuthumayo Siyingqimba Yokuqala Yokuqina
Isilinganiso esiyinhloko sokuqina esomisweni isitoreji sesimo esiphuthumayo esisendaweni — amathangi okubhafa alinganiselwe ukuthi athwale indawo phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuphazamiseka noma somkhawulo — ukuze amanzi okupholisa abe khona ngokuzimela emthonjeni kagesi isikhathi esihleliwe. Ithangi iwumshuwalense wangempela.
1. Izinsuku zebhafa. Umthamo wesimo esiphuthumayo uvezwa njengezinsuku (noma amahora) okupholisa namanzi enqubo indawo engasebenza ngaphandle kokuphinde inikezwe.
2. Okokufaka kosayizi. Umthamo we-buffer ulandela ukuhwamuka okuphezulu kanye nezinga le-blowdown, izidingo ze-fire-reserve, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzeka okukholakalayo okude kakhulu esifundeni.
3. Uhlobo lwethangi. Amathangi e-GFS aboshiwe noma amathangi ensimbi ane-epoxy-lined okubhekiselwe ku-AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-ISO 28765 ajwayelekile emavolumu amakhulu adingwa isiza se-hyperscale.
4. Ukuhlukanisa. Umthamo we-contingency ugcinwa uhlukile ekujikelezeni okujwayelekile ukuze utholakale ngempela lapho ama-mains ehluleka.
Umthamo we-contingency obhaliwe, hhayi nje i-WUE ephansi, yikho okuvumela isiza ukuthi siphumelele isigameko somkhawulo wesomiso.
Imithombo Ehlukile Yehlisa Ukuncika Kuma-Mains
Ngale kwesitoreji, ukuqina kuvela emithonjeni ehlukile yamanzi — amanzi kamasipala agaywe kabusha, amanzi emvula agunyiwe kanye nezinye izinto zokuhlinzeka ezingezona zokuphuza — ezinciphisa noma zithathe indawo yokudonsa kuma-mains ukuze umkhawulo kumthombo owodwa ungamisi ukupholisa. Ukwehlukahlukana kwemithombo ukuvikela kwesakhiwo engcupheni yomthombo owodwa.
· Amanzi kamasipala asetshenzisiwe. Amanzi angcolile ahlanjululwayo anikezwa ngaphansi kwelungelo elihlukile, ngokuvamile elibekwa phambili ngesikhathi sesomiso; ahlanganiswa ngohlelo lwamapayipi amabili nokuqapha.
· Amanzi emvula abuthelwe. Ukubuthelwa kwendawo evela ezindlini nasezindaweni eziqinile, agcinwe emathangini okubamba/okubuthela futhi ahlanjululwe ngokwezinga elifunekayo.
· Amanzi aphansi noma omthombo. Lapho kuvunyelwe khona, umthombo wamanzi aphansi wengeza ukuzimela, ngaphansi kwemithetho yasendaweni yokukhipha amanzi ngesikhathi sesomiso.
· Ukuhlanganisa nokuqapha. Eminye imithombo ihlanganiswa namanzi okungezelela futhi iqashwe ngekhwalithi ukuze umsebenzi wembhoshongo wokupholisa nowenkqubo ungonakali.
Umthombo ngamunye ohlukile uhlotshaniswa nokugcinwa nokuhlanjululwa kwawo, futhi indawo ishintsha imithombo ngaphansi kohlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo esikhundleni sokuthembela emthonjeni owodwa.
Ukuvala Umjikelezo: Ukubuyiswa Kuthuthukisa Kokubili Ingozi Nesikolo
Ukubuyiswa kwamanzi — ukubamba i-blowdown, i-condensate kanye nokugeleza okutholakele nokukubuyisela emsebenzini — kunciphisa i-WUE kanyekanye futhi kunciphisa umthamo okufanele uhlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo luwuhlanganise, ngakho ukusebenza kahle nokuqina kuyasekisana. Lawo manzi afanayo abuyisiwe athuthukisa inombolo ebikiwe futhi andisa impilo yesikhashana sokuvikela ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka.
· Ukubuyiswa kwe-blowdown. Ukukhishwa okugxilile kwesitaki sokupholisa kuyabanjwa futhi kulashwe ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha, kunciphisa ukugcwaliswa kwe-mains.
· Ukubuyiswa kwe-condensate. I-CRAC/AHU kanye ne-condensate ye-loop yamanzi apholile kuqoqwa ukuze kugcwaliswe isitaki sokupholisa.
· Ukusuka ekutholeni kuya ekugcinweni. Amanzi emvula angena ngqo ku-buffer yesimo esiphuthumayo, okwandisa izinsuku zokuzimela.
· Umphumela we-WUE. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi abuyisiwe athathela indawo ye-mains ku-numerator, i-WUE ebikiwe iyathuthuka kuyilapho ukuqina kukhuphuka.
Ngakho-ke isiza esiqinile sakha ukubuyiswa nokugcinwa ndawonye: yonke ilitha elibuyisiwe iyilitha okungadingeki ukuthi likhishwe ku-mains ecindezelayo futhi iyilitha elandisa isikhathi sesimo esiphuthumayo.
Ukuhambisana Kokujwayelekile Namandla Enkampani
Leli sihloko siwumhlahlandlela wezindinganiso/ukuholwa kunezehlakalo zephrojekthi; akukho cala eliqanjiwe elivezwayo. I-Center Enamel ihlinzeka ngemikhumbi yokugcina nokuhlanza amanzi yasendaweni okuncike kuyo uhlelo lwengozi yamanzi yesikhungo sedatha kanye nokumelana nesomiso — amathangi okugcina ezimo eziphuthumayo, amathangi amanzi avuselelwe kanye namathangi okubamba amanzi avuniwe — okubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09 kanye ne-ISO 28765, kanti izindwangu zazo zine-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye nokwamukelwa kwe-WRAS lapho umsebenzi udinga ukuthintana eduze namanzi okuphuza. Ukwenziwa kwesakhiwo kubhekiselwa ku-EN 1090 ukuze kutholakale uphawu lwe-CE, futhi amathangi aklanyelwe isisekelo sokuzamazama komhlaba nomoya sendawo (ASCE 7 noma EN 1991/EN 1998). Ukwakhiwa kwe-GFS kwenkampani — ukoqweqwe olushiswa ku-820–930 °C, ukujiya okungu-0.25–0.45 mm, ukunamathela okungaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1,500 V DC iphaneli ngayinye — kusekela ukugcinwa okuqinile, okunesondlo esiphansi kwemithombo ehlukile neyezimo eziphuthumayo. I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) ikhiqiza amathangi aboshiwe kusukela ngo-2008, inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene nokoqweqwe, iqeda amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000, futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi angawodwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³ ngaphansi kokukhiqizwa kwe-ISO 9001 kanye ne-ISO 45001.
Amandla Obunjiniyela Be-Center Enamel
UCenter Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawodi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi ensimbi ehlanganiswe nengilazi (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi angu-300,000 ahlanganiswe ne-enamel ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kuka-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-FDA, i-LFGB, i-CE (EN 1090), i-ISO 28765, i-FM, i-BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukuklama kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, i-NSF/ANSI 61, i-WRAS, i-ISO 28765 ne-EN 1090 lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lukudinga khona.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Uyini ubungozi bamanzi besikhungo sedatha?
A1: Ingcuphe isiza esibhekana nayo lapho amanzi okupholisa noma enqubo ephazanyiswa yisomiso, imikhawulo noma ukwehluleka kokuhlinzeka — ingozi yokuqhubeka ngoba ukulahlekelwa ukupholisa kuholela ngqo ekuvalweni kokushisa.
Q2: I-WUE ikala ini?
A2: I-Water Usage Effectiveness ihlukanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi esizeni sonyaka wonke ngamandla emishini ye-IT yonyaka, kubikwa ngamalitha (noma amagaloni) nge-kWh yomthwalo we-IT; ilinganisa ukugxila kwamanzi ngokuphuma kokubala.
Q3: Isiphi isibambiso sokugcina esanele?
A3: Ilinganiswa ngokuphelela kokuhwamuka kwamanzi esizeni kanye nezinga lokukhishwa kwamanzi kanye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kakhulu kokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okungaba khona esifundeni, okuvezwa njengezinsuku noma amahora okusebenza ngokuzimela.
Umbuzo 4: Yimiphi eminye imithombo enciphisa ukuncika kombhobho omkhulu?
Impendulo 4: Amanzi kamasipala avuselelwe, amanzi emvula agciniwe, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba avunyelwe konke kunciphisa noma kufake esikhundleni sokudonswa kombhobho omkhulu; isiza esiqinile sithwala okungenani umthombo owodwa ohlukile ngaphansi kohlelo lwaso lwezimo eziphuthumayo.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe ukubuyisela amanzi kusiza ukuqina noma i-WUE nje?
Impendulo 5: Kokubili. I-blowdown ebuyisiwe, i-condensate namanzi anqunyiwe kwehlisa inani eliphezulu le-WUE futhi kwandisa izinsuku zokuzimela kwesikhashana se-contingency buffer ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka.
Umbuzo 6: Ingabe la mathangi aqinisekisiwe ukuthi angathinta amanzi okuphuza?
Impendulo 6: Izindwangu zokugcwalisa zine-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye nokwamukelwa kwe-WRAS lapho umsebenzi udinga ukuthinta okuseduze namanzi okuphuza; umsebenzi womlilo nowenkqubo ucacisa ukwamukelwa okufanele kwendwangu yokugcwalisa amanzi.
Umbuzo 7: I-WUE ihlobana kanjani ne-PUE?
Impendulo 7: I-PUE ikala ubukhulu bamandla (amandla aphelele esikhungo ÷ amandla e-IT); i-WUE ikala ubukhulu bamanzi. Kokubili izilinganiso ze-Green Grid, futhi isiza eline-WUE ephansi, ne-PUE ephansi liyisibonelo sokusebenza kahle, kanti ukuqina kwengezwa phezu kwalokho ngokugcina nangemithombo ehlukile.
Ingozi yamanzi esikhungweni sedatha iyingozi ebalulekile yokuqhubeka komsebenzi okungeyona into evalwa ukubikwa kokusebenza kahle kuphela. I-WUE ikala ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngeyunithi ngayinye yamandla e-IT, kodwa ukuqina kwakhiwa ngokusebenza ngokugcina amanzi ase-site alinganiselwe ngezinsuku zokuzimela kanye nomthombo okungenani owodwa ohlukile — amanzi avuselelwe, avunyelwe noma aphuma emhlabathini — onciphisa ukuncika emanzini aphambili. Ukubuyisela i-blowdown, i-condensate namanzi avunyelwe kuthuthukisa kokubili i-WUE ebikiwe kanye nesikhathi sokulungiselela, ngakho ukusebenza kahle nokuqina kuqinisa okunye. Hlela isitoreji, imithombo ehlukile kanye nenqubo yokulungiselela njengohlelo olulodwa, futhi isigameko sesomiso siba yisimo esilawulwayo esikhundleni sokuphazamiseka.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Ngecebo lokuphepha kwamanzi esikhungo sedatha kanye nokumelana nesomiso, sithumele izinga eliphezulu lokuhwamuka nokukhishwa kwamanzi endaweni, izinsuku ezifiselekayo zebhafa yezimo eziphuthumayo, imithombo ehlukile etholakalayo (amanzi avuselelwe, avuniwe, aphansi), umsebenzi wekhwalithi yamanzi, kanye nezitifiketi ezidingekayo (NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, CE-EN1090). Sizobuyisela incazelo yokugcina enomthamo wamathangi ezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nemithombo ehlukile, ukwamukelwa kwesembozo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuzamazama komhlaba nokomoya okwenziwe ngokwesisekelo se-ASCE 7 noma i-EN 1998 esebenzayo.
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