Amathangi Okugcina Amandla Ashisayo Esikhungo Sedatha: Indlela Ukugcinwa Okubandayo Okuthuthukisa Ngayo Ukusebenza Kahle Kokupholisa
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Amathangi Okugcina Amandla Okushisa Esikhungo Sedatha: Ukugcinwa Okubandayo Kuthuthukisa Kanjani Ukusebenza Kahle Kokupholisa
Ithangi lokugcina amandla okushisa esikhungo sedatha ligcina amanzi abandayo akhiqizwa ngezikhathi ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu futhi liwakhulule ngesikhathi esisetshenziswa kakhulu, ukuze ama-chiller asebenze ngomthwalo ozinzile, osebenzayo esikhundleni sokulandela ukushisa kwe-IT kwahora ngalinye. Ngomehluko wokushisa osebenzisekayo we-4-7 K kanye nengxenye esebenzisekayo engokoqobo ye-70-90%, ithangi elilodwa elihlukanisiwe lithwala amahora ambalwa omthwalo wokupholisa futhi linikeza abasebenzi iwindi elichaziwe lokudlula lapho ama-chiller ephahleka. Ithangi alidali ukupholisa; lihambisa lokho kupholisa ngesikhathi.
Ehholo le-hyperscale ijika lokuthwesa le-IT licishe libe yisicaba kuyilapho isitshalo sokupholisa silinganiselwe usuku lokuklama olushisayo, kodwa umthwalo okalwayo uchitha amahora amaningi ngaphansi kwalelo zinga, ngakho isitshalo sisebenza ngomthwalo ophansi futhi sisamunca wonke amagagasi okushisa asheshayo alethwa amakhabethe.
Amanani amaningi akhokhisa imali yokufunwa okuphezulu nge-kW kanye namandla nge-kWh, ngakho isitshalo esilandela wonke amagagasi e-IT sikhokhela igagasi hhayi ama-kilowatt-hour asetshenzisiwe. Uma i-chiller iwa, into kuphela ephakathi kwezinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo nokuvalwa umsebenzi ingamanzi asele emapayipini.
Ithangi lokugcina amandla okushisa esikhungo sedatha likhuluma nakho kokubili ngokuhambisa ukupholisa ngesikhathi esikhundleni sokukhiqiza okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokufunwa okuphezulu. Okulandelayo kuhlanganisa ukuthi siyini isitsha, sitholakala kuphi ochungechungeni, singalinganiswa kanjani, futhi yiziphi izindlela zokusebenza ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kwemali.
Iyini Ithangi Lokugcina Amandla Okushisa Esikhungo Sedatha
Umthamo wamanzi abandayo ogcinwe ngendlela evikelayo, ugcinwa ezingeni lokushisa lokuhlinzeka futhi ubuyiselwa ku-loop yesitshalo noma nini lapho isidingo sidlula lokho okusethwe ama-chiller ukuthi kukhiphe. Akukho lutho ngaphakathi kwawo okwenza ukupholisa.
· Isitoreji, hhayi ukukhiqiza. Igcina amandla ama-chiller asevele ekhokhele wona, ngakho-ke ukuyiqhathanisa nesitshalo esikhulu sama-chiller kuqhathanisa imali ekhokhwayo nesidingo kanye nenhlawulo yokusebenza ngokwengxenye.
· Ishajwa endaweni esebenza kahle yesitshalo. Esikhathini esingasebenzi kahle ama-chiller asebenza eduze nomthwalo ogcwele futhi enza amanzi ku-4-6 °C ngenkathi umthamo ugcwala, ngakho-ke i-chiller ayilokothi ilandele ijika le-IT lantambama.
· Ikhishwa ngaphakathi kwebhendi efanayo. Ukuhlinzeka okuphuma ethangini ngokuvamile kuhlala ku-6-8 °C, ngakho-ke ukuhlanganiswa nomfula we-chiller akukaze kukhuphule i-loop ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elamukelwa imishini ye-IT.
· Isikhathi esilinganiselwe, hhayi ukuzimela. Ithangi elilinganiswe amahora amane aphezulu linikeza amahora amane ngaphansi komthwalo ocatshangelwayo, futhi ukusho leso sikhathi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sanoma yiluphi ucwaningo oluthembekile lwethangi lokugcina amandla okushisa esikhungo sedatha.
Lapho Ithangi Lihlala Khona Ochungechungeni Lokupholisa
Ithangi lokugcina amandla ashisayo ezikhungweni zedatha livame ukuxhunywa epayipini elivamile phakathi kwesikhungo sokupholisa nendawo yokusabalalisa, ngokuhambisana namachiller hhayi ngemuva kwawo. Lokho kuhlelwa kulungisa umqondo wokulawula, impahla yamavalvu kanye nokuziphatha kwesikhungo ekudlulisweni.
· Umjikelezo we-chiller kanye nomjikelezo wokusabalalisa. Ngamunye unikeza ipayipi elivamile ngokusebenzisa amavalvu okuhlukanisa nawokuhlola, futhi isethi yamaphampu ohlangothini lokusabalalisa ithatha kunoma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa okukhethwe ukulawula, igcina ithangi lizimele ekucindezelweni kwe-evaporator. Isitoreji singahlala futhi ngaphambi kwama-chiller, sihlanganisa ukukhishwa nokubuya ngaphambi kwama-evaporator ngezindleko zokugeleza kwesistimu ephelele ethangini.
· Ukudluliswa, ukudlula, ukugcwalisa nokukhipha. Ingqondo kufanele ishintshe isethi yephoyinti yesiqandisi ngaphambi kokuba i-valve yokuhlukanisa ivuleke, ukuze izinga lokushisa lokuhlinzeka lingehli futhi lingabuyeli. Isitshalo futhi sidinga indlela yokudlula yesevisi, indlela yokugcwalisa nokukhipha umoya, kanye nendlela yokukhipha amanzi, ngoba ithangi elingakwazi ukukhishwa ngeke lihlolwe.
Ukukala: Kusuka ku-IT Load kuya kuTank Volume
Umthamo awusona isinqumo somuntu; ulandela umthwalo, umehluko wokushisa kanye namahora amboziwe.
1. Thola umsebenzi nokugeleza. Hlukanisa umthwalo wokushisa we-IT owabelwe isitoreji nge-loop ΔT. Ihholo le-5 MW ku-7 K lidinga cishe u-615 m³/h.
2. Sebenzisa isibalo samandla. Q = V × ρ × cp × ΔT, ngamanzi ku-cp ≈ 4.186 kJ/kg·K kanye ne-ρ ≈ 1000 kg/m³, cishe u-1.163 kWh nge-cubic metre ngakunye nge-kelvin, ngakho cishe u-7 kWh wethiyori nge-m³ ku-ΔT esebenzisekayo engu-6 K.
3. Sebenzisa ingxenye esebenzisekayo. Ukuxuba, ukuthola okusizungezile kanye nokujikeleza okufushane kususa ingxenye yezinombolo zethiyori; abaklami bathembela ku-70-90%, isibalo esiphansi seqokwe elide elinesihlukanisi esibekwe kabi.
4. Guqula kube yisitsha. Hlukanisa amandla asebenzisekayo nge-duty namahora, bese uqinisa emuva kububanzi obusebenzekayo kanye nokuphakama kwegobolondo.
Izindlela Zokusebenza Ezithethelela Ithangi
Isitoreji esigcwele sikhokhisa ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokusebenza futhi sivale isitshalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, sinikeza ukonga okukhulu kwesidingo kanye nevolumu enkulu: ithangi eligcwele ekuqaleni kosuku, lingenalutho ekupheleni. I-Ride-through ithwala icala le-Tier III noma i-Tier IV, lapho i-chiller ethathwe ukuze ilungiswe ngaphandle kwalokho ibingahlelungile.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Izinto zokuxhumana zikhiqiza ushintsho olukhulu lobunjiniyela kuphrojekthi yokugcina.
Into | Inani elijwayelekile noma ukukhetha | Amadrayivu |
Umngcele womkhumbi | I-Atmospheric field-erected, noma ngaphakathi komngcele wengcindezi wesistimu | Ubukhulu beqokwe, izilinganiso zomlomo, ukukhululeka |
ΔT esebenzisekayo | 4-7 K, ngokuvamile 6 K (5 °C kuya ku-11 °C) | Amandla agciniwe nge-cubic metre ngayinye |
Ukushaja nokukhipha izinga lokushisa | 4-6 °C ukushaja, 6-8 °C ukukhipha | Ibhendi yokungena ye-IT kanye nomkhawulo wokuxuba |
Ingxenye esebenzisekayo | 70-90% yethiyori | Ivolumu iyonke |
Isivinini sokungena | 0.5-1 m/s ngokusebenzisa isihlukanisi | Ikhwalithi yokwehlukaniswa |
Uhlu lwama-nozzle namathuluzi | Ukushaja, ukukhipha, ukubuyisela, ukugcwalisa, ukukhipha umoya, ukudonsa amanzi, izinga, umgwaqo wokungena | Ukubalwa nokufinyeleleka kwama-valve |
Ukufaka insulate | Uboya bamaminerali, isivikelo sezulu, i-cladding eqhubekayo | Ukuzuza ukushisa okumile |
Isisekelo | I-ring beam noma i-pad enemininingwane ye-thermal bridge ezisekelweni | Ukubhaliswa kwegobolondo nemininingwane yokubanda |
Icala Lomsebenzi
Umsebenzi wethu wokubhekisela osebenza kuwo emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile uhlanganisa amathangi amakhulu aboshiwe afakwa endaweni, njengokufakwa kwamagobolondo amane ngezansi, futhi ububanzi be-TES besikhungo sedatha benziwe ngemigomo efanayo.
Isifinyezo Secala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa |
Namibia - isitoreji samanzi okuphuza (P-A) | 01 Ithangi le-GFS eliboshwe ngengilazi encibilikisiwe ensimbi | 44,900 m³ isamba, amathangi ama-4 | 4 × φ41,260 mm × 8,400 mm | Septhemba 2022 |
Lawa magobolondo aphuma efektri njengamaphaneli ane-enamel, athunyelwa njengezikhathi ezihlukene futhi akhiwa indandatho ngendandatho endaweni. Leyo ndlela yokwakha kanye nokuhlolwa kweholide yikho okuzuzwa yisitsha sohlangothi lokupholisa.
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawodi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Igobolondo lokugcina kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi
· Amagobolondo e-Glass-fused-to-steel afakwa i-enamel ku-820-930 °C ngesendlalelo se-enamel esingu-0.25-0.45 mm, ukunamathela okungu-3450 N/cm², ukuhlolwa kwe-holiday kwe-1500 V DC kanye ne-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm, okugcina indawo yangaphakathi ibushelelezi ngokwanele ukubamba i-thermocline ezinzile enokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi ye-parasitic ephansi.
· Isevisi ye-atmospheric bulk chilled-water ihlanganiswa indlela yokuklama ye-AWWA D103-09 kanye nokulawulwa kokukhiqizwa kwefektri ye-ISO 28765, kanti i-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS iyasebenza lapho amanzi ehlukaniswa njengoketshezi lwesistimu olusezingeni lokuphuzwa.
· Irekhodi lethu lesithenjwa lamathangi amanzi amakhulu anobubanzi obukhulu kanye nomthamo ophezulu ahlanganisa uhlelo lwamanzi okuphuza lwaseNamibia lwamathangi angu-4 × φ41.26 m × 8.4 m ahlanganisa u-44,900 m³, aqedwa ngo-2022-09.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi lokugcina amandla ashisayo esikhungo sedatha linciphisa inani lama-chiller athengwayo?
A1: Kuphela ngaphansi kokugcinwa okugcwele. Uma isitshalo sicisha ama-chiller ngokuphelele esikhathini esiphakeme, singalinganiselwa umthwalo ojwayelekile hhayi owephakeme. Emiklamweni yokugcina ingxenye noma yokudlula, ama-chiller agcina usayizi wawo futhi ithangi limboza ingxenye yephakeme.
Q2: Mangaki amahora okugcina enza umqondo wezomnotho?
A2: Iningi lamaphrojekthi liwela phakathi kwamahora amabili nayisithupha aphakeme. Ngaphansi kwamabili ithangi liqhudelana nesitsha se-buffer esilula futhi imali enkulu ayihlukani nenzuzo; ngaphezu cishe kwesithupha, umthamo nendawo kuyakhula kuyilapho ukonga nge-cubic metre kwehla.
Q3: Ingabe ithangi lingahlala ngaphakathi komngcele wengcindezi wohlelo lwamanzi abandayo?
A3: Kungakwazi, nakuba umkhumbi omiswe endaweni onomoya uvamile emavolumu amakhulu ngoba ukujiya kodonga kanye nokuklanywa kwembobo kuhlala kulula futhi igobolondo lingahlolwa ngaphakathi. Ohlangothini lokukhipha iphampu kuhlangana nomngcele wengcindezi, bese ukujiya, izimbobo kanye nokukhululeka kubalwa ngokwezingcindezi zokuklanywa kanye nezinga lokushisa kwisicaciso.
Q4: Kwenzekani uma ama-chiller ema namaphampu ema nawo?
A4: Ithangi elide elifakwe insulate lilahlekelwa ukushisa okuncane emahoreni ambalwa; ingozi yangempela ukuxuba. Uma amanzi afudumele abuyayo esengena ngenkathi ukujikeleza kume, i-thermocline ihamba iye phezulu futhi ukubanda okusebenzisekayo kuncipha ngokushesha kunalokho okuboniswa ukulingana kokushisa. Ithangi eligcwele ligcina ukushaja kwalo isikhathi eside kunelithangi elikhiphe ingxenye.
Q5: Ingabe amanzi abandayo amile adinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile?
A5: Yebo. Amanzi abandayo amile avame ukukhulisa izinto eziphilayo kanye nokugqwala kwezinto ezincikithiwe zensimbi yekhabhoni lapho umoya-mpilo ukhona, ngakho isibulala-zinto eziphilayo, ukulawulwa kwe-pH kanye nokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele kube sesimisweni sokuqala ukusebenza, futhi umugqa wangaphakathi kufanele uhambisane nohlelo lokwelashwa olusetshenziswa yisikhungo kakade.
Ithangi lokugcina amandla okushisa endaweni yedatha lihlukanisa isikhungo sokupholisa esidingweni sokulahla ukushisa okusheshayo komthwalo we-IT. Khetha umehluko wokushisa osebenzisekayo, sebenzisa isibalo samandla nengxenye esebenzisekayo engokoqobo, bese uhlola ukugeleza kokukhipha ngokumelene namandla epompo yesifundo. Lapho izindleko zokufunwa zibusa khona icala lezentengiselwano licacile; lapho ukuphazamiseka kwesikhungo sokupholisa bekungacatshangelwe, icala lokuthembeka liyayithwala.
Ithangi elihlangabezana namandla alo asebenzisekayo lihlukaniswa kulelo elingafinyeleli ngemininingwane: isivinini sokungena, ukubekwa kwesihlukanisi, ukuqhubeka kokuvikela ekushiseni ezisekelweni, kanye nengqondo yokulawula ekunikezelweni.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele ijika lokuthwala le-IT, amazinga okushisa okufaka nokubuya, uhlaka lwamanani kanye nendawo yesiza. Sizosebenza ngesibalo sokulinganisa ithangi nawe, sisho ingxenye esebenzisekayo esizoyiqinisekisa ngejometri ehlongozwayo, bese sibuyisela iphepha lokucacisa elihlanganisa ububanzi, ukuphakama okuqondile, uhlu lwama-nozzle, ukujiya kwe-insulation kanye nokukhethwa kwe-coating. Lapho i-oda le-chiller lisavuliwe, xoxa ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-TES ngaphambi kokuba lifakwe, ngoba ukuhlelwa kokuxhuma kunquma iningi le-control logic.
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