Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Okupholisa Esikhungo Sedatha: Ikhwalithi Yamanzi, Isibulala-magciwane, Nokunakekela
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Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Okupholisa Esikhungweni Sedatha: Ikhwalithi Yamanzi, Isibulala-magciwane, Nokunakekela
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi okupholisa esikhungo sedatha ligcina amanzi angahlala enganyakazi amahora amaningi, ngakho-ke liphathwa ngendlela ehlukile kunelophu yombhoshongo ojikelezayo. Gcina ilophu epholile evaliwe iphansi kwi-conductivity futhi ingenazo izinto ezilengayo, futhi phatha ithangi njengendawo enokugeleza okuphansi lapho izinga lokushisa kunokuba ukugxila kushayela ukukhula kwezinto eziphilayo. Nika umthamo we-oxidising kanye ne-non-oxidising biocide ngesheduli ejikelezayo, hlola uqweqwe kanye ne-coating ngomgwaqo womuntu minyaka yonke, futhi hlela ukuhlanza ngomshini ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwe-coating. Izinkinga eziningi zokugcina zivela emanzini amile kanye nomonakalo we-coating ongabonakali, hhayi kusayizi wethangi. Ithangi lokugcina amanzi okupholisa esikhungo sedatha kufanele ligcine amanzi alashisekayo, ane-oxygen iminyaka, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwe-coating kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza kunquma impilo yalo yokusebenza.
Amathangi okugcina acaciselwa umthamo kanye nokufakwa kwe-insulation, bese eshiywa yedwa kuze kube yilapho kukhona okungahambi kahle. Ohlelweni lokupholisa isimo esimanzi sibalulekile ngokufanayo, ngoba ithangi eligcina ukubanda amahora ayisishiyagalombili liphinde libe namanzi angenakho ukunyakaza okuningi ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu. Yilapho kuqala khona amadiphozithi, ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nokulimala kwesembozo, futhi kutholakala sekwephuzile ngoba ithangi alibonakali.
Amanzi asemjikelelweni wokupholisa esikhungo sedatha awawona amanzi asembhoshongweni wokuhwamuka. Umjikelele wombhoshongo ugxilisa izinto eziqinile futhi uthatha umoya-mpilo namagciwane ngokuqhubekayo; umjikelele wokugcina opholile uvaleleke kakhulu, usebenza ngokubanda, futhi ushintsha amakhemikhali kancane. Uhlelo lokulungisa kufanele luhambisane nalowo mehluko esikhundleni sokuboleka indlela yombhoshongo. Ithangi lingase futhi lihlale endleleni yokulinda, ngakho ingxenye yalo ingaphumula lapho ukukhula kukhuthazwa khona esikhundleni sokucindezelwa.
Okulandelayo kuhlanganisa okufanele kukalwe, indlela yokuthola umthamo, ukuthi kuhlolwe futhi kuhlanzwe kangaki, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izinketho zendawo emanzi ezifanele umzimba wamanzi ozokhishwa futhi ugcwaliswe kabusha iminyaka eminingi.
Yini eyenza ithangi lokugcina amanzi okupholisa esikhungo sedatha lihluke embhoshongweni wethangi
Izimo ezimbili zishintsha isithombe sonke.
1. Ukugeleza okuphansi. Ngesikhathi sokugcina amanzi acishe angashintshi. Izinto eziqinile ezintantayo ziyahlala futhi ungqimba lwediphozithi luqala ukwakheka phansi kwegobolondo nasezindaweni ezizungeze izimbobo zokungena.
2. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ungqimba olubandayo luhlala ku-5 kuya ku-7 °C, okucindezela ukukhula okuningi, kodwa ungqimba oluphezulu ngesikhathi sokulinda lungahlala lapho luthanda khona. Ithangi eligcinwe lifudumele ngamabomu ukuze livikele ekubandeni lihamba nengcuphe enkulu.
Isici sesithathu kufanele sishiwo: ukugcwaliswa kokuqala kuvame ukuvela emthonjeni ohlukile kunomsele wokugcwalisa futhi kuthwala izinto ezingcolile ezimisiwe eziningi, futhi ithangi elikhishiwe lilahlekelwa ifilimu yalo esele yokubulala amagciwane, ngakho ukugcwalisa kabusha kudinga isinyathelo salo sokuphatha.
Ipharamitha | I-loop yokugcina epholile evaliwe | I-loop ejwayelekile yombhoshongo wokuhwamuka |
Izinto eziqinile ezincibilikile | Phansi futhi kulawulwa eduze | Kuphezulu, kulawulwa imijikelezo yokugxila |
Umoya-mpilo oncibilikile | Phansi, ungena ikakhulukazi nge-make-up | Phezulu, kufakwa umoya njalo |
Ukulawulwa kwe-pH | Kumnene, ngokuvamile ku-7 kuya ku-9 kusekethe evaliwe | Kuvikelwa umbhoshongo nokukhipha amanzi |
Indlela eyinhloko yokungcola | Ukumisa, udaka, ubumnyama obugqamile bezinto eziphilayo | Isikali, ukugqwala, amadiphozithi e-calcium ne-magnesium |
Imijikelezo yokugxila, ukulinganisa nokulawula izinto eziphilayo
Imijikelezo yokugxila ingeyezinhlelo zokugqibelela kwamanzi okupholisa, lapho ukuhwamuka kugxilisa izinto eziqinile ezincibilikile emgodini wombhoshongo kanti ukukhishwa nokugcwaliswa kabusha kubeka ibhalansi, ngokuvamile imijikelezo emithathu kuya kweyisithupha. Iluphu yokugcina evaliwe ayinakho ukuhwamuka, ngakho ukugxila akusona isizathu; izinga lokugcwaliswa kabusha nanoma yikuphi ukuvuza okuvela endleleni evulekile yikho okunyusa izinto eziqinile ezincibilikile.
Ngakho-ke ukufaka umuthi kulandela izindlela ezimbili.
3. Isibulala-magciwane esine-oxidising. I-chlorine noma i-chlorine dioxide isebenza ngokushesha engxenyeni ye-planktonic. Ihlala isikhathi esifushane kumjikelezo onesibalo esikhulu sokuma, ngakho-ke yifake emugqeni wokujikeleza okusebenzayo hhayi ethangini elimile, futhi ushintshe imikhiqizo ukunciphisa ukumelana.
4. Isibulala-magciwane esingena-oxidising. Ama-quaternary amines noma i-isothiazolinone alawula i-biomass ehlala phansi kanye nefilimu ezindaweni ezimanzi, okuyilapho ithangi lisengozini khona. Elapha ngesheduli yezinsuku eziningi.
5. Ukulawulwa kwesikali nokugqwala. Lapho izinga lokugcwalisa lingesihle, isivimbeli sesikali kanye nohlelo lokuvimbela ukugqwala kuvikela amapayipi okusabalalisa ngemuva kokuhlanza kokuqala.
6. Ukusekelwa komshini. Ukuxubha kanye nokugeza okuhleliwe kususa izingqimba amakhemikhali angeke akwazi ukufinyelela kuzo, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ethangini kunamapayipi.
Bhala okungenani lezi zinto ezinhlanu: izinga lokushisa emazingeni amathathu ethangini, insalela ye-oxidiser ekhululekile, ukuhamba kukagesi kulophu, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwe-slime kusampula yomlomo wokufafaza, kanye nokwehluka kwengcindezi kunqamula ku-diffuser yokungena. Ukukhuphuka kancane kwesokugcina ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuthi ithangi, hhayi isitshalo, liqala ukungcola.
Ukuhlanza, ukuhlola kanye nokulungisa i-coating yethangi lokugcina amanzi okupholisa
Umsebenzi | Isikhathi | Lokho okusungulayo |
Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ngomgwaqo womuntu | Minyaka yonke, ngesikhathi esipholile | Isimo se-coating, ukujula kwentlenga, iphunga |
I-swab ye-slime ne-biofilm | Njalo ngekota | Ukuthi uhlelo lwe-biocide luyabamba yini |
Ukuhlolwa kwe-inlet diffuser ne-nozzle | Njalo ngonyaka | Ukuvaleka, ukusatshalaliswa kokugeleza, ukulimala kokuxubana |
Ukuhlanza ngomshini nokugeza | Uma kufinyelelwa umkhawulo wentlenga, noma njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu | Kubuyisela umthamo osebenzisekayo nokuxhumana kwe-coating |
Ukulungiswa kwe-coating | Njengoba kutholakale, ngaphambi kwewindi lokulungisa elilandelayo | Kuvimba ukugqwala kwendawo endaweni enesici |
Imithetho emibili yenza lokhu kube lula. Ungalokothi ufake isichibi phezu kwendawo exegayo noma engcolile, ngoba ukulungisa kuyahluleka futhi kufihle isimo sangempela. Ungalokothi uvumele ithangi libe yindawo yokuhlungela imfucumfucu yokwakha, ngoba ukugcwaliswa kokuqala kubeka isimo seminyaka eyishumi elandelayo. Lapho udonga lunamekwe nge-coating, ukulungiswa kulandela i-coating esepuletini, futhi inqubo yasensimini ingena encazelweni kanye nayo.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ithebula libeka imikhawulo yekhwalithi yamanzi nezinketho zendawo emanzi yethangi lokugcina amanzi okupholisa lesikhungo sedatha.
Into | Inani elijwayelekile noma inketho | Qaphela |
I-coating yendawo emanzi | I-epoxy ehlanganisiwe ku-AWWA C550, noma insimbi eqanjwe nge-zinc | Ilandela uhlelo olucacisiwe kumapuleti |
Ukujiya kokugcotshwa | 180 kuya ku-280 amamicromitha we-epoxy ehlanganisiwe | Qinisekisa ngerekhodi lokuhlolwa kwesitolo |
Isethi yephoyinti yengqimba ebandayo | 5 kuya ku-7 °C | Kuvimbela ukukhula endaweni ephansi |
Isivinini sokungena kwe-diffuser | 0.5 kuya ku-1 m/s | Kugcina i-thermocline ibukhali ekushefweni okuphansi |
Imanway nokufinyelela | Ukungena komuntu noma imbobo yekhamera | Kunquma ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kanjani |
Ukuxhuma kwedreyini nokugeza | Kulinganiswe ivolumu ephelele yokuhlanza | Kudingeka esinyathelweni sokuhlanza ngomshini |
Indawo yokufaka i-biocide | Emugqeni wokujikeleza osebenzayo, hhayi ethangini | Kunikeza ukuthintana ngaphambi kokuba amanzi angene esitolo |
Ikesi Lephrojekthi
Nakuba amaphrojekthi ethu ayisithenjwa asetshenzisiwe emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile ahlanganisa ukugcinwa kwe-leachate namanzi angcolile amakhemikhali, ububanzi be-TES yesikhungo sedatha benziwe ngamazinga afanayo. Esinye isithenjwa esifanele ukufakwa kwe-leachate yendawo yokulahla imfucuza eBeijing, eChina.
Into | Imininingwane |
Iphrojekthi | Beijing, China — ukugcinwa kwamanzi angcolile endaweni yokulahla udoti |
Umkhiqizo | 01 GFS, ithangi elihlanganisiwe lensimbi necwecwe lengilazi |
Umthamo | 9,682 m3 kuma-tankhi angu-2 |
Ubukhulu | phi 16.23 m x 23.4 m, amayunithi angu-2 |
Ukuqedwa | 2023-04 |
Ukukhetha i-coating yepuleti, uhlelo lokuhlanganisa kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-vent yoketshezi olugqamile olugqamile kuyinto efanayo nokukhetha indawo emanzi yesitolo samanzi abandayo. Lowo msebenzi waphoqa ukunakwa ekuqhubekeni kwe-coating, ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa, okuyizinto ezifanayo ezinquma ukuthi ithangi lamanzi okupholisa lingalungiswa yini kunokuba lishintshwe.
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ukusinda kwe-coating emanzini acutshungulwayo
· Uma i-loop ivulekile embhoshongweni wokupholisa, ithangi libona ukwakheka okushintshayo kokugcwalisa; ama-biocide, ukulawulwa kwe-pH kanye nokuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile kunquma ukuthi i-coating ihlala isikhathi esingakanani kuleyo ndawo.
· I-Enamel ayinayo imiphumela futhi ilula ukuhlanza, futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-holiday ye-1500 V DC endaweni ebunjiwe ebushelelezi kwenza isimo se-coating sibe lula ukuqinisekisa; ama-epoxy linings angafakwa endaweni lapho ifilimu yonakele.
· Amathangi e-landfill leachate aseBeijing (φ16.23 m × 23.4 m × 2, 9,682 m³, 2023-04) ayisibonelo sethu samagobolondo agcina uketshezi olunolaka, olusebenza ngokwebhayoloji iminyaka eminingi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ngabe ngidinga imijikelezo yokugxila ethangini lokugcina elipholile?
A1: Hhayi ngomqondo wombhoshongo. Ukugxila kusebenza kumjikelezo ovulekile wokuhwamuka. Ku-loop yokugcina evaliwe imikhawulo elawulayo iyingobo yokugcwalisa kanye nezingqimba eziphelele ezincibilikayo.
Q2: Iyiphi i-biocide esebenza ethangini elijikelezayo kancane?
A2: Ipheya elijikelezayo. I-oxidiser emgqeni osebenzayo ibamba ingxenye ye-planktonic; umkhiqizo ongaxidiyeli ohlelweni lwezinsuku eziningi ubamba ifilimu ehlala phansi. Qinisekisa nge-swabs.
Q3: Kufanele idonswe futhi ihlanzwe kangaki ithangi?
A3: Hlola minyaka yonke futhi uhlanze ngokwesimo. Lapho inzika ingaphusha amanzi abandayo asetshenziswayo ngaphansi kokwehliswa kwedizayini, isikhathi sokuhlanza seminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu sivamile emsebenzini ohlanganisa ukulinda.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe ukulimala kwesembozo kungalungiswa endaweni?
Impendulo 4: Yebo, ezinhlelweni zesembozo ezinikezwa umsebenzi wasendaweni, inqobo nje uma ukulungiselela, ukuxuba nokuqinisa kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvalwa. Inqubo kufanele ibe semthethweni.
Umbuzo 5: Ithangi elilindile kufanele ligcine izinga lokushisa elingakanani?
A5: Ngaphansi ngangokunokwenzeka umsebenzi uvumela, njengoba ungqimba olubandayo seluvele lucindezela ukukhula. Lapho ukuvikelwa kweqhwa kuphoqa ukuthi kube nendawo yokulinda efudumele, engeza iphoyinti lokuqapha futhi unciphise isikhathi se-biocide.
Q6: Ingabe itankhi lithinta ikhwalithi yamanzi esitshalo nhlobo?
A6: Libeka phansi. Itankhi elihlanziwe, elifakwe umuthi linikeza iluphu ukushaja kokuqala okuhlanzekile, futhi umthamo omile ube usubamba izinguquko zamakhemikhali.
Ikhwalithi yamanzi ethangini lokugcina amanzi okupholisa esikhungweni sedatha incike ekutheni amanzi ahlala isikhathi esingakanani, ukuthi izingqimba ezingaphezulu zifudumala kangakanani ngesikhathi sokulinda, nokuthi ingubo emanzi isaqinile yini. Phatha lezo zinto zintathu futhi umthamo uzoziphatha njengoba wakhelwe amashumi eminyaka; zishaye indiva futhi lowo mthamo ofanayo ulahlekelwa ukubanda okusebenzisekayo ngenxa yendle nekhethe. Icebo alikhangi: linganisa, faka umthamo ngesheduli ejikelezayo, hlola nge-manway minyaka yonke, futhi ulungise izingubo zokumboza emkhawulweni ochaziwe. Ukuhlola okushibhe kakhulu embonini yilokho okwenziwa nge-manway yethangi ngesikhathi sokuvalwa okuhleliwe, ngokukhanya, ikhamera kanye nerekhodi elibhaliwe.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele umthombo wakho wamanzi kanye nekhwalithi yokugcwalisa, i-coating noma i-lining esivele icacisiwe yomkhumbi, kanye namahora akho okulinda nokupholisa ngosuku. Sizobuyisela uhlaka lwekhwalithi yamanzi nokufaka umuthi, isikhathi sokuhlola nokuhlanza, kanye nencazelo ye-coating enenqubo yokulungisa yasensimini yendawo emanzi okuvunyelwene ngayo.
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