Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Le-Cooling Tower Yesikhungo Sedatha: Ukulinganisela Kwamanzi Nokulawulwa Kokugqwala
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi E-Cooling Tower Yesikhungo Sedatha: Ukulinganisela Kwamanzi Nokulawula Ukugqwala
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi lesihluzi sokwehlisa izinga lokushisa esizeni sedatha lihlala linomthamo wamanzi ovumela umjikelezo wokuhwamuka ukuba umelane nokukhukhuleka, ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokuphazamiseka kokungezwa kwamanzi. Umthamo walo uvela ekwenyukeni kwamanzi, indawo evunyelwe yokuhwamuka kanye nendawo yokuhlukanisa edingwa yisikhungo; ukuphila kwalo kuvela ekulawulweni kokugqwala, ngoba amanzi anomoya-mpilo ahlasela insimbi engenalutho ngokushesha kunalokho okwenziwa yizinsiza eziningi zezakhiwo. Izinto zokuvikela ezingqimba, ukuvikela nge-zinc enikelwayo noma ukukhethwa kwengxubevange kufanele kuhambisane namakhemikhali amanzi akaliwe, futhi ithangi kufanele lihlolwe ukuze ukulahleka kwengqimba kubhalwe njengezinga.
Isekhethi yokuhwamuka ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sedatha ihambisa amanzi amaningi kunalokho okugcinwa yizipholisi. Ingxenye encane yokugeleza okujikelezayo iphuma njengomhwamuko, enye ingxenye iphuma njengokukhishwa kwamanzi, futhi kokubili kudinga ukugcwaliswa. Uma lokho kugcwaliswa kuma ngisho ihora elilodwa, izinga lomgodi liyehla, amaphampu aqala ukugwinya umoya, futhi indlela eya emthwalweni we-IT incipha kude ngaphambi kokuba noma yiluphi uxwayiso lwesikhungo sezipholisi luqale.
Ithangi elimunca lesi sigqi livame ukucaciswa njengento ecatshangelwa kamuva, kusetshenziswa noma yisiphi isitsha esijwayelekile esivele siphethwe yisiza. Lokho kukhetha akuvamisile ukwehluleka onyakeni wokuqala. Kwehluleka njengokulahleka kancane kancane kobukhulu bodonga, njengokuwohloka kwesembozo emgqeni wamanzi, noma njengenkinga yekhwalithi yamanzi evela kurekhodi lokwelashwa hhayi kumphumela wokupholisa.
Le ndatshana ihlanganisa lokho okumele kwenziwe yithangi lokugcina amanzi lesitaki sokupholisa esikhungweni sedatha: indlela ibhalansi yamanzi ebeka khona umthamo, indlela imijikelezo yokugxila kanye nokukhipha amanzi okungcolile ebeka khona ikhemistri, indlela umoya-mpilo kanye namagciwane abangela ukugqwala ngaphakathi kwegobolondo, kanye nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokuvikela ehambisana naluphi ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi.
Lokho Ithangi Elikugcinayo Ngempela
Ithangi alilona igceke lomjikelezo wonke. Limunca umehluko phakathi kwalokho umjikelezo okuhwamulayo nalokho indawo engakuhlinzeka.
· Ukulahleka ngokuhwamuka. Umhwamuko awuthwali izinto eziqinile ezincibilikile, ngakho umthamo uyancipha futhi izinto eziqinile ziyagxila — yilona themu elikhulu kubhalansi.
· Ukukhipha amanzi okungcolile kanye nokukhukhuleka. Ukukhipha amanzi okungcolile kukhipha amanzi agxilile ukuze kulawulwe ukunqwabelana kwetshe; ukukhukhuleka kuthwala amaconsi amanzi kanye nomoya ohambayo. Kokubili kususa umthamo futhi kokubili kudinga ukugcwaliswa.
· Ukukhuphuka nokwehla kanye nokushintsha kokushisa. Umthamo womjikelezo uyashintsha ngokushisa kwamanzi. Ithangi elingakwazi ukumunca lokho kushintsha libeka amaphampu esimweni sokudonsa esishintshayo nsuku zonke.
· Isikhala sokunakekela. Uma isihlungi, iyunithi ye-side-stream noma iphampu kufanele ihlukaniswe, ivolumu esele kufanele igcine umjikelezo ugcwele kuze kube yilapho ibuyela.
Ethanjini yokugcina amanzi yombhoshongo wokupholisa esikhungweni sedatha, amavolumu amane ayahlangana: i-surge, i-blowdown kanye nesibonelelo se-drift esikhathini eside sokuphazamiseka kokugcwalisa, ivolumu elahlekayo ngenkathi ingxenye eyodwa ihlukanisiwe, kanye nokujula okusele ekudonseni kwephampu. Ukulinganisa kusuka ekuhambeni komjikelezo kuphela kweqiwa icala lokuhlukanisa.
Ukulinganisela Kwamanzi Nemijikelezo Yokugxila
Ibhalansi iyi-akhawunti yesisindo efanele ibe semaphepheni ngaphambi kokuba ithangi likalwe. Ukujikeleza kuhambisa ukushisa kuye ekugcwaliseni ngaphandle koshintsho lwevolumu ephelele; ukuhwamuka nokukhishwa kwamanzi kushiya isekethe futhi kugxilise izinto eziqinile; i-drift ikhipha amanzi nomoya; i-makeup ibuyisela izinga; futhi ukulawulwa kwezinga kuchaza amaphuzu aphezulu naphansi okuhamba.
Imijikelezo yokugxila ibala ukuthi izinto eziqinile ezincibilikile zigxilwe kangaki, futhi zinquma ukuthi amanzi anamandla kangakanani ngaphakathi kwethangi.
· Imijikelezo ephakeme isho ukukhishwa kwamanzi okuncane, ngakho isidingo samanzi esincane, okufanele indawo enokuhlinzekwa okulinganiselwe, kodwa futhi nokuhamba kukagesi okuphezulu nokuthambekela kokukala ebusweni bethangi.
· Imijikelezo ephansi isho ukukhishwa kwamanzi okuningi nokudonswa kwamanzi okuningi, nengozi encane yokukala kanye nengozi enkulu yokugqwala evela ekwandeni kokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo namanzi ahlanzekile.
· Okuhlosiwe kulandela ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi. Izimonyo ezithambekele esikalini ziphikisana nokujikeleza okuphansi; ukunikezwa okukhawulelwe kukhuthaza ukujikeleza okuphezulu, ngokuvamile ngokuhlunga kwesigaba eseceleni nokulungiswa kwe-pH.
Lapho ithangi libuye lisebenze njengendawo yokuhlanza noma yokugcwalisa, ukuma kwejiyometri kubalulekile njengomthamo. Indlela emfushane phakathi kwendawo yokungena yokubuya nendawo yokudonsa iphampu ixuba amanzi okwakufanele ithangi liwahlanze, ngakho-ke ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokungena, ama-diffuser nama-baffle yizinto zokuklama, futhi indawo yokuphuma ethatha engxenyeni ebikezelwayo yomzimba igcina izinga lamanzi anikezwayo lizinzile.
Ukugqwala endaweni yamanzi ane-oksijini
Amanzi okupholisa avulekile angelinye lamasevisi ajwayelekile anolaka kakhulu embonini yesakhiwo, futhi i-oksijini encibilikile iyisizathu.
· Indlela yokusebenza. I-oksijini yehlisa ukusabela kwe-cathodic ensimbi, ngakho amanzi acebile nge-oksijini agqwala ngokushesha kunamanzi angenawo i-oksijini. I-oksijini ingena endaweni evulekile nangayo yonke indlela yokubuya enomoya, bese isakazeka emzimbeni.
· Ukuhlaselwa komugqa wamanzi. Umgqa wendawo uyashintshashintsha uswakeme futhi wome, uphakelwa i-oksijini njalo, futhi ubamba izinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi eduze nepuleti. Yehluleka kuqala uma ukumboza kwakuklanyelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi kuphela.
· Ukugqwala okubangelwa amagciwane. Amagciwane asemhlabathini adala ukugqwala kwasendaweni ngaphansi kwezinto ezihlala phansi, futhi ithangi elingasoze likhishwe amanzi noma lihlanzwe ngomhlwathi liyawasekela.
Izindlela ezimbili zokuvikela zivamile, futhi ukukhetha kulandela izinga lamanzi, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza nokuthi ithangi lihlangana yini nesekethe ekhona.
· Izembozo eziyisivikelo. Isihlanganisi esinamathelisiwe sihlukanisa insimbi. I-enamel inamathela epuletini, inikeze indawo ebushelelezi engasebenzi; i-epoxy ehlanganiswe ngokuncibilika ensimbini elungisiwe inikeza ifilimu ewugqinsi engalungiseka endaweni. Kokubili kudinga ukulungiswa kwendawo nokuhlolwa kwama-holiday ngaphambi kokugcwalisa, ngoba iphutha liba yiseli lokugqwala lendawo kunokuba libe yiphethini yokuguga elinganayo.
· Ukuvikelwa kwe-anode yokuzidela. Insimbi ye-hot-dip galvanised inesembozo se-zinc esivikela insimbi ngendlela ye-electrochemical lapho isembozo sisikwa. Lokho kufanele ukwakheka okuguquguqukayo namathangi aphazanyiswa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-zinc kuncike emanzini, futhi ukujiya kwesembozo okungafinyeleleka kunomkhawulo uma kuqhathaniswa nesembozo esisetshenzisiwe.
Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yamanzi Nokulungiswa
Ithangi aliwelaphi amanzi; liwadalula. Ukwelashwa kufanele kucaciswe eduze kwethangi, futhi ithangi kufanele lihlolakale ngokwanele ukuze ukwelashwa kuhlolwe.
Ukufaka imithi yokwelapha yinto yokuqala: isibulala-magciwane silawula ukukhula kwamagciwane, isivimbeli sokukala kanye nesihlakazi silawula izimvithi, futhi ukulungiswa kwe-pH kususa amanzi ekugcineni okunolaka. Indawo yokufaka kanye nesikhathi sokuthintana ngaphakathi kwithangi kunquma ukuthi ikhemikhali ifika ixutshiwe noma iyisigaxa. Umjikelezo wesihlungi esiseceleni ususa izinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi futhi zondle ukugqwala ngaphansi kwemvithi.
Ezingeni ledatha yesikhungo sedatha yethangi lokugcina amanzi lomshini wokupholisa, ukuhlolwa kuvala umjikelezo. Ukukhipha amanzi, ukuxubha nokuhlola ngesikhathi esimisiwe, kanye nokujiya kodonga ezindaweni ezimisiwe zegridi, kwenza ukulahleka kwe-coating kube yizinga elilingisekayo, futhi iziqephu zokulungisa kufanele zihambisane nohlelo lwangempela: ukulungiswa nge-epoxy endaweni ye-enamel kushiya ukungaqhubeki okubonakala ekuhlolweni okulandelayo. Edatheni yesikhungo sedatha yethangi lokugcina amanzi lomshini wokupholisa, indlela yokungena ibalulekile njengoba kunjalo nge-coating, ngoba ithangi elinomgodi omncane wokungena futhi elingenawo umsele waphansi lihlolwa ngokungavamile futhi isimo salo sitholakala lapho sesiphenduka ukuvuza.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Into | Inani Elijwayelekile noma Ukukhetha | Isizathu Sesinqumo |
Umthamo wethangi | Ukugcwala ngokweqile kanye nokukhishwa kwamanzi kanye nendawo yokuhlukanisa | Ukugeleza kokujikeleza kanye nohlelo lokunakekela |
Ibanga lezinga lokuklama | Ibhendi evamile enamaphoyinti okuxwayisa aphezulu naphansi | Ukuzinza kokudonsa kwepompo kanye nokuphepha kokugcwala ngokweqile |
Ukugcwala ngokweqile kanye nokudonsa | Ukugcwala ngokweqile kuya endleleni ephephile, ukudonsa kulinganiselwe ukukhipha konke | Ukudonsa kwendawo kanye nengozi yokubanda |
Ukuhlelwa kokungena | Ukubuya ngaphansi kwezinga lokusebenza nge-diffuser noma i-baffle | Ukulawula ukuhlala phansi nokuxuba |
Uhlelo lokumboza | I-Enamel, i-fusion-bonded epoxy lining, noma i-hot-dip galvanised zinc | I-Water chemistry, izinga lokushisa, inqubomgomo yokulungisa |
Ubukhulu be-coating | 0.25-0.45 mm i-fused enamel; 180-280 µm i-fusion-bonded epoxy | Ukwakheka kwefilimu nendlela yokuhlola |
Ukuhlolwa kwe-holiday | 1500 V DC kumaphaneli e-enamel ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa | Ikhwalithi ye-coating eqinisekisekayo ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa |
Ukufinyelela kanye nezinsimbi zokulinganisa | I-Manway esezingeni laphansi, i-level transmitter, i-conductivity probe | Ukufinyelela kokuhlola nokulawula ukwelashwa |
Icala Lomsebenzi
Amathangi amakhulu e-bolted anomugqa wamanzi agcinwe e-water services zikamasipala lapho i-chemistry inzima khona kune-cooling circuit. Lezi zinkomba zifakazela isikali nokukhethwa kwe-coating emanzini anolaka, hhayi umsebenzi we-data center.
Isifinyezo Secala Lomsebenzi
Umsebenzi | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa |
I-Saudi Arabia municipal wastewater | I-GFS tank ene-aluminium dome | 11,020 m³ | 5 amayunithi, 24.06 m ububanzi nge-4.85 m ubude | 2023-2026 |
Amandla okuhlanza amanzi asetshenzisiwe kamasipala wase-United Arab Emirates | Ithangi le-GFS | Ngokwesimo somsebenzi wephrojekthi | Ngokwesimo somsebenzi wephrojekthi | 2023-2026 |
Nakuba amaphrojekthi ethu ayizethenjwa asemkhakheni wamanzi namanzi asetshenzisiwe ehlanganisa izimo ezingenhla, umkhakha we-TES wesikhungo sedatha wakhiwe ngamazinga afanayo.
Amandla Okusebenza Kwe-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe umthamo wokukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Indlela yokugqwala yamalophu avulekile
· Amalophu avulekile e-cooling tower angenisa umoya-mpilo oncibilikile namanzi okwengeza, okuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokugqwala ngaphakathi kwegobolondo lensimbi yekhabhoni; ukukhethwa kwezinto kanye ne-coating kulandela ukuthi izinga liphazanyiswa kangaki.
· Amagobolondo e-galvanized asebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwe-zinc sacrificial emanzini okwengeza ashibhile kanye namanzi omlilo, kuyilapho amagobolondo e-enamelled noma e-epoxy ethandwa kakhulu lapho amanzi ejikeleziswa futhi ehlanjululwa.
· Izinhlelo zaseSaudi zikamasipala kanye ne-UAE zamanzi alingana namanzi angcolile angu-11,020 m³ (amathangi amahlanu angu-φ24.06 m) kanye namathangi amancane ezinsiza zikahulumeni zikhombisa umugqa wamagobolondo amanzi anobubanzi obukhulu okusetshenziswa imijikelezo yokupholisa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe ithangi lokugcina kufanele lihlale ngaphakathi kwesitsha sombhoxo wombhoshongo wokupholisa?
Impendulo 1: Cha. Izitshalo eziningi zisebenzisa isitsha sombhoxo womthamo omncane kanye nethangi elihlukile lokulawula ukugcwala, indawo yokuhlukanisa kanye nokuhlanza. Ithangi elihlukile kulula ukulihlola nokulilungisa, futhi ligcina umbhoxo ukhululekile ukuze kusetshenziswe indawo yokugcwalisa.
Umbuzo 2: Mangaki amajikelezo okugxila okufanele ahloswe?
A2: Ayikho inombolo evamile. Izambatho ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu zisebenza kumasekhethi amaningi ngokwelashwa okujwayelekile; umgomo ulandela ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kanye nenkomba yokukala. Kufanele kube semqulwini wokulinganisa, hhayi ukukopishwa kwelinye itshalo.
Q3: Ingabe i-enamel ifanele amanzi okupholisa?
A3: I-enamel iyisembozo esivimbelayo esinekhava ejwayelekile ku-pH 3-11 kanye nokwakheka okukhethekile ngaphandle kwalelo bhendi. Ifanele amanzi anolaka olumaphakathi kuya phezulu kanye namathangi anakekelwa ngesikhathi esimisiwe sokuhlola; amanzi angaphezu kwalelo bhendi kufanele ahlolwe kuqala.
Q4: Kungani isembozo sihluleka kuqala emgqeni wamanzi?
A4: Lapho ipuleti lishintshana phakathi kokumanzi nokoma, umoya-mpilo ugcwaliswa njalo, futhi izinto eziqinile ezihlala phansi zihlala zibambelele ensimbi. Lokho kubangela ukuhlaselwa kwendawo okusheshayo, ngakho-ke incazelo kufanele ihlanganise indawo yokuchaphaza hhayi kuphela indawo engaphansi kwamanzi.
Q5: Ingabe ithangi le-galvanized lidinga futhi umugqa wangaphakathi?
A5: Akunjalo ngempela. I-zinc ivikela insimbi ngendlela yokuzidela, ngakho indawo ekhwishiziwe ihlala ivikelwe ngenkathi i-zinc isekhona. Lapho amanzi eqeda i-zinc ngokushesha, i-enamel noma i-fusion-bonded epoxy iyisivikelo sokuqala esingcono.
Q6: Ingabe umonakalo wokumboza ungakhiwa ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kukagesi?
A7: Yebo, i-fusion-bonded epoxy iyalungiswa endaweni, ngokulungiselela indawo efanayo nokufakwa kwasekuqaleni kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ubuyele, ukuze ukulungiswa kuhlangane nomlando wokumboza.
Izinqumo ezimbili zakha ithangi lokugcina amanzi lesiteshi sedatha sombhoshongo wokupholisa: umthamo osuselwa ekukhuphukeni kwamanzi, ukuphazamiseka kokugcwalisa kanye nendawo yokuhlukanisa, kanye nendlela yokuvikela ekhethwe ngokulinganisa amakhemikhali amanzi esikhundleni sezindleko zokuqala. Umoya-mpilo, ukukhukhuleka kanye namagciwane kusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kuqokobhe, ngakho ithangi elingahlolwa, noma elinokungafani kokumboza, lidinga ukulungiswa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokushintshwa.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Thumela ukuhamba komjikelezo, ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi okugcwalisa kanye nemijikelezo ephakanyisiwe yokugxila, futhi sizobuyisela isincomo sokulinganisa ithangi kanye nokumboza ngezilungiselelo zamazinga, ukuhlelwa kokungena kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola ethangini lakho lokugcina amanzi lombhoshongo wokupholisa esikhungweni sedatha. Okokulungisa kabusha, cela ukuqhathanisa ngokuhambisana kwe-enamel, i-fusion-bonded epoxy kanye nezinketho ze-hot-dip galvanised ngokumelene namakhemikhali akho alinganisiwe.
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