Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Abandayo Esikhungweni Sedatha: Amapharamitha Wokuklama kanye Nokuhlelwa Komthamo
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Ithangi Lokugcina Amanzi Abandayo Esikhungweni Sedatha: Amapharamitha Wokuklama kanye Nokuhlela Umthamo
Ithangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo esikhungo sedatha lihlelwa kusukela kumapharamitha ayisithupha: i-ΔT esebenzisekayo, ingxenye esebenzisekayo, amandla agciniwe nge-cubic metre ngayinye, isikhathi sokugcinwa, izinga lokushisa lamanzi angenayo kanye nokuphakama kwesakhiwo. Umthamo osebenzisekayo usebenza ku-70-90% wethiyori, amanzi agcina cishe u-1.163 kWh nge-cubic metre ngayinye nge-kelvin, futhi iwindi lika-5-7 K linikeza u-6-8 kWh nge-cubic metre ngayinye. Isikhathi sokugcinwa silawulwa yijubane lokungena lika-0.5-1 m/s hhayi ngomthamo. Ukuphakama kubeka umfutho omile othwalwa amaphampu kanye nomngcele wesitsha, ngakho-ke kungokwesifundo sesakhiwo hhayi kumdwebo wesitsha kuphela.
Ukuhlelwa komthamo wethangi lokugcina amanzi kuqala njengezibalo bese kuguquka kube inkinga yokuhlelwa kwendawo phakathi nendawo. Umthwalo kanye nentela kunikeza isibalo sekilowathi-ihora, umehluko wokushisa unikeza umthamo, futhi lowo mthamo kufanele ungene esakhiweni, ngaphansi kwendlela yokhreni, ngemuva kwegumbi lamaphampu futhi ungene esisekelweni esakhiwe ngokuhambisana nogobolondo lwesakhiwo.
Sebenza ngohlu lwemingcele engezansi ngale ndlela, ngoba into ngayinye ishintsha elandelayo: izinga lokushisa, amandla, ukuma, ubude, bese kuba inani lamayunithi.
Umehluko Wokushisa Osebenzisekayo kanye Nezinga Lokushisa Kwamanzi Angenayo
Iwindi lokushisa lethangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo esikhungweni sedatha yisinqumo sokuqala, futhi isiqandisi siyayikhawulela kakhulu njengoba kwenza imishini ye-IT.
· Setha i-ΔT esebenzisekayo ku-4-7 K. Iwindi elingu-6 K kusuka ku-5 °C kuya ku-11 °C livamile; ukunweba kuya ku-7 K kunciphisa umthamo cishe nge-15%, kodwa izinga lokushisa elibuyayo kufanele lamukelwe amakhoyili kanye ne-evaporator.
· Lungisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi angenayo libe ngu-4-6 °C. Leli yiphoyinti lokushiya lamanzi lesiqandisi, elilinganiselwe indlela yomshini. Isiqandisi esingakwazi ukugcina u-4 °C ngosuku lokuklama sigcwalisa ithangi lifike ezingeni elifudumele futhi sinciphise ngokuthula umthamo osebenzisekayo.
· Gcina iwindi elilodwa lokushaja nokukhipha. Ithangi elishajwe ngo-5 °C futhi likhishwe ngo-7 °C lilahlekelwa umehluko kabili, kanye esitolo nasepayipini.
· Bika indawo yokuxuba engu-2 K. Ukuhlinzeka okuphuma ethangini ekukhipheni kufanele kube ngu-6-8 °C ukuze ukuxuba epayipini elivamile kungasunduzi iluphu ngaphezu kwebhendi yokungena ye-IT.
Izinga lokushisa lokungena yipharamitha eguga kabi kakhulu. Njengoba imibhoshongo ikhula futhi izindlela zokufinyelela zanda ngesizini, isiqandisi siyeka ku-4 °C futhi umthamo osebenzayo uncipha ngaphandle kokuthi kube nomuntu othinta isethi yephoyinti.
Ingxenye Esebenzisekayo, Izinqolobane kanye Namandla Agciniwe
Umthamo wethiyori wethangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo esikhungo sedatha ulula; umthamo osebenzisekayo yilokho isitshalo esingakwazi ukukudonsa ngempela, futhi igebe phakathi kwabo yilapho umzamo wokuklama uya khona.
1. Bhala isibalo samandla kanye. Q = V × ρ × cp × ΔT, ngamanzi ane-cp ≈ 4.186 kJ/kg·K kanye ne-ρ ≈ 1000 kg/m³, cishe 1.163 kWh nge-cubic metre ngakunye nge-kelvin, ngakho iwindi elingu-6 K ligcina cishe 7 kWh nge-m³ ngayinye ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa.
2. Thatha ingxenye esebenzisekayo ku-70-90%. Ukuxubana endaweni yokungena, i-thermocline kanye nokuzuza kokushisa okumile kubalwa okusele; amagobolondo amade ane-chiller eshaja kanzima ahlala phansi kobubanzi.
3. Engeza izinqolobane eziphezulu neziphansi. Amaphesenti ambalwa evolumu ekugcineni ngakunye agcina i-thermocline kude nama-nozzle, futhi yikhono elishibhile kunawo wonke elizothengwa iphrojekthi.
Hlela ngeyunithi esetshenziswa yisikhungo, ukupholisa okunikezwa ngamakhilowathi emahora ngesikhathi sokuphakama, bese usebenza ngokuhlehla. Lokho kugcina ingxoxo ithembekile lapho kwengezwa ithangi lesibili kamuva.
Isikhathi Sokugcinwa, Ijubane Lokungena kanye Nezimo Zokuma
Isikhathi sokugcinwa sizwakala njengenombolo yenqubo, kodwa ethangini lokugcina amanzi abandayo esikhungweni sedatha silawula ukuthi igobolondo liziphatha kanjani ngenkathi ligcwele.
· Beka umkhawulo wejubane lokungena ku-0.5-1 m/s. Isihlukanisi sisabalalisa ijethi; ngaphezu kwalowo mkhawulo iyagxumela engxenyeni efudumele futhi ixube lonke igobolondo ngokushaja okukodwa.
· Hlulela phezulu nomthamo ndawonye. Igobolondo elide linikeza ukujula okusebenzisekayo okwengeziwe nge-cubic metre ngayinye kodwa lidinga ukuthathwa kwe-crane enkulu; igobolondo elibanzi futhi eliphansi kulula ukuligcwalisa futhi kunzima ukulihlukanisa.
Umphumela ongokoqobo ukuthi i-geometry ilandela i-diffuser kanye nesakhiwo hhayi ivolumu yesihloko, futhi izimpendulo ezimbili zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamakhulu ambalwa amamitha ayikubhi.
Ukuphakama Kwesakhiwo, I-Static Head kanye Nokuhlelwa Kwamathangi Amaningi
Ukuphakama yipharamitha efinyelela kukho konke okunye ukuklanywa kwemishini, ngoba ikholomu yamanzi iyisisindo esifile ohlelweni lwamanzi.
· Ukuphakama kubeka i-static head. Ikholomu yamanzi engu-20 m icishe ibe ngu-196 kPa phansi, okufanele kuthwelwe amaphampu, igobolondo kanye nanoma iyiphi i-nozzle engaphakathi komngcele wengcindezi.
· Ingcindezi yaphansi iqondisa ukuklanywa kwesitsha. Ngaphakathi komngcele wengcindezi yesistimu, ukujiya, ukuqiniswa kwe-nozzle kanye nokulungiselelwa kokukhululwa kulandela lelo khanda, futhi ikhodi esebenzayo nokuklanywa kuyavumelana njengoba kuchazwe encazelweni yephrojekthi kanye nenkontileka.
· Khetha igobolondo elifushane lapho isakhiwo sivumela. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo wesisekelo, kunciphisa ukuphakanyiswa kwe-crane futhi kushiya indawo yeyunithi yesibili.
· Hlela amayunithi ahambisanayo. Amathangi amabili anengxenye yesilinganiso agcina umthamo ofanayo, ahlukaniswe ngawodwana ukuze ahlolwe, futhi avumele elesibili ukuthi lifike esigabeni sakamuva.
Amagobolondo ahambisanayo nawo ashintsha indaba yokusebenza: elinye lingakhishwa futhi lihlolwe kuyilapho elinye lithwala umthwalo, okuyinto edingwa yisikhathi sokulungisa lapho ukulungiselela okuhambisanayo kusekelwe ekwakhiweni.
Incazelo Yezobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani elijwayelekile noma ukukhetha | Umthelela wokuklama |
I-ΔT esebenzisekayo | 4-7 K, ukushaja 5 °C kuya ku-11 °C | Amandla agciniwe nge-cubic metre ngayinye |
Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi okungena | 4-6 °C kusuka kuma-chiller | Izinga lokushaja kanye nendlela ye-chiller |
Izinga lokushisa lokuhlinzeka ngokukhipha | 6-8 °C | Umkhawulo wokuxuba we-IT band |
Ingxenye esebenzisekayo | 70-90% yethiyori | Ivolumu isiyonke yomsebenzi othile |
Ukuminyana kwamandla agciniwe | ≈ 1.163 kWh nge-m³ nge-K | Isilinganiso sevolumu esigabeni somqondo |
Isivinini sokungena | 0.5-1 m/s nge-diffuser | Ikhwalithi ye-Thermocline |
Inani lamayunithi | Elinye, noma amabili ngokuhambisana ukuze kuhlolwe | Ukuhlukanisa, izigaba, ukunakekela |
Icala Lomsebenzi
Umsebenzi wethu wokubhekisela osekelwe emkhakheni wamanzi namanzi angcolile uhlanganisa ama-oda amakhulu anamayunithi amaningi anikezwa kancane kancane phakathi neminyaka eminingana, kuhlanganise nokufakwa okungezansi. Ububanzi be-TES yesikhungo sedatha benziwe ngemigomo efanayo.
Isifinyezo Secala Lomsebenzi
Iphrojekthi | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ubukhulu | Ukuqedwa |
China (Xinjiang) - amanzi angcolile ezimboni (P-K) | 01 Ithangi le-GFS eliboshiwe | 30,469 m³ kuma-tanki angu-27 | Amadayamitha ahlanganisiwe | 2023-2026 |
China (Hebei) - amanzi angcolile ezemithi (P-K) | 02 Ithangi le-FBE fusion-bonded epoxy | 32,363 m³ | φ36,600 × 24,600 mm kanye no-φ18,340 × 24,600 mm | Agasti 2026 |
I-oda lamayunithi angama-27 alolu hlobo liwumsebenzi ofanayo nowesikhungo sedatha esisebenzisa amagobolondo okugcina ahambisanayo ku-header eyodwa: ububanzi buxutshwe ukuze buhambisane nesakhiwo, amayunithi anikezwa ngezikhathi, igobolondo ngalinye lingahlukaniswa kuyilapho amanye esebenza. Okudluliswayo amaphaneli afanayo, ukwakhiwa kwesayithi okuqhubekayo kanye nokufakwa kwangaphakathi okuhlolwa iphaneli ngephaneli ngaphambi kokumbozwa.
Amandla Obunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isike yakha futhi yaklama amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngezibophezelo kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) e-China, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ehlanganiswe ne-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi ukwakhiwa kubhekiselwa ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Ukucaciswa kanye namabhange ahambisanayo
· Umthamo, i-ΔT esebenzisekayo kanye nokulahlekelwa okumile kusethwa ngesikhathi sesigaba sokucaciswa, futhi ukuma kwethangi, ukuphakama kokungena/okuphuma kanye nokujiya kokuvikela kukhethwa ngokuhambisana nalezi zinombolo ezintathu esikhundleni sokulethwa njengento yekhathalogi engashintshi.
· Ukukhetha kuhlanganisa i-GFS, i-fusion-bonded epoxy kanye namagobolondo ensimbi engagqwali; i-304/316L engagqwali uhlu olufushane lapho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali oketshezi kuvimbela igobolondo lensimbi yekhabhoni enamekwe.
· Ukulethwa kwamathangi amaningi ahambisanayo kuyindlela yethu ejwayelekile yokufinyelela umthamo omkhulu kakhulu: uhlelo lwezimboni zokuhlanza amanzi e-Xinjiang lwanikeza amathangi angama-27 ahlanganisa u-30,469 m³ ngo-2026-05, kanti uhlelo lwesikhungo sokuphisa utshwala sase-Sichuan lwanikeza u-14,655 m³ ngo-2023-09.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kungani ingxenye esebenzisekayo iyingxenye kuphela yevolumu yethiyori?
Impendulo 1: Ingxenye yegobolondo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengokubanda: i-thermocline ephakathi, kanye nezindawo ezincane zokugcina ezinhlangothini zombili ukuze igcinwe kude nama-nozzle. Phakathi kokuxubana kokungena nokuzuza ukushisa okumile, lindela u-70-90%, futhi ucaphune zombili lezi zibalo.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe igobolondo elide ligcina ukubanda okwengeziwe?
Impendulo 2: Ngemitha ye-cubic, cha, njengoba amanzi agcina ngesisindo nangezinga lokushisa hhayi ngobude. Igobolondo elide linikeza ukujula okusebenzisekayo okwengeziwe, kodwa likhuphula ikhanda elimile, umthwalo wesisekelo kanye nokuthathwa kwe-crane.
Umbuzo 3: Yisiphi isikhathi sokubanjwa esifanele?
Impendulo 3: Isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuthi igobolondo lime ngaphandle kokushisa okunengqondo noma ushintsho lwebhayoloji, isikhathi esifushane ngokwanele ukuthi i-diffuser isalawula isendlalelo. Cacisa isikhathi samanzi amile esikhundleni senombolo eqondiwe, bese uqinisekisa i-thermocline.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe uhlelo lwephrojekthi kufanele luhlele ithangi elilodwa noma amabili?
Impendulo 4: Amagobolondo amabili angama-half-size abamba umthamo ofanayo, ahlukanise ngokuzimela ukuze ahlolwe, futhi avumele iyunithi yesibili yengezwe kamuva ngemali efanayo kanye nekhanda elikhulu elivamile kanye namapayipi amaningi.
Umbuzo 5: Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi angenayo lishintsha kanjani uhlelo?
Impendulo 5: Kuncika izinga lokushaja. Uma ama-chiller engakwazi ukugcina u-4-6 °C, ithangi ligcwala lifudumele, ingxenye esebenzisekayo iyehla futhi ivolumu isiyonke kufanele ikhule ngezikhathi eziphezulu ezifanayo.
Ukuhlelwa komthamo wethangi lokugcina amanzi abandayo esikhungo sedatha kuwuchungechunge: iwindi lokushisa, amandla agciniwe, ingxenye esebenzisekayo, i-geometry, ubude, bese kuba inani lamayunithi. Ubude yinto evame ukushiywa kuze kube sekugcineni, ngoba idlulela emthonjeni wokumpompa, umthwalo wesisekelo kanye nomngcele wengcindezi.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele umthwalo we-IT ophezulu, amahora okufanele ahlanganiswe, amazinga okushisa okufaka nokubuya, kanye nesiza esinobude baso obulinganiselwe. Sizokhiqiza uhlelo lwamandla olukhombisa umthamo osebenzisekayo kanye nomthamo omkhulu, ingxenye esebenzisekayo yomumo ohlongozwayo, isikhathi sokubamba, ikhanda elimile esisekelweni segobolondo kanye nenani lamayunithi, bese kuba iphepha lezincazelo elihlanganisa ububanzi, ukuphakama okuqondile, isisekelo kanye nokufakwa kwe-insulation. Emisebenzini enezigaba, buza ukuthi igobolondo lesibili lingahlukaniswa kanjani ku-header evamile.
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