Amathangi Wamanzi Wensimbi Ayisilinda Okusetshenziselwa Amanzi Aphuzwayo Nezinqubo
Kwadalwa ngo 03.06
Amathangi Ansundu Ayisilinda Amanzi Okuphuza Nokusebenza
Ithangi lamanzi lensimbi eliyisilinda liyisimo esijwayelekile sokugcina amanzi amaningi ngoba indingilizi inikeza indawo encane kakhulu yegobolondo nge-cubic metre ngayinye kanye nengcindezi encane kakhulu ye-hoop yobubanzi obunikeziwe. Imibuzo yobunjiniyela iyafana kuzo zonke izimo: ukuthi ithangi kufanele libe lide kangakanani uma liqhathaniswa nobubanzi balo, iyiphi ingaphakathi elisinda ekuxubeni kwamanzi, futhi yisiphi isikhathi sokuhlola esigcina impilo yokuklama yeminyaka engama-30 ithembekile. Umsebenzi wamanzi ophuzwayo kanye nowenqubo wabelana ngejometri kodwa wehlukana ngezimvume, ngoba amanzi okuphuza adinga i-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS ehlolwe ngokufakwa kanye ne-gasket kuyilapho amanzi enqubo angase adinge kuphela ukumelana nokugqwala.
Iningi lemikhumbi yokugcina amanzi iyisilinda futhi iningi lobuhlungu luseminingwane efihlwa yisimo: ibhande lensimbi elisemgqeni wamanzi okungekho muntu olihlolayo, i-gasket eyaqina ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yelanga, ukuphuphuma okwabanda noma okwagcwala udaka, kanye nensimbi yokulinganisa eyaqala ukufunda igwebu esikhundleni samanzi. Ithangi eliyisilinda kulula ukulichaza futhi kulula ukulenza iphutha, ikakhulukazi ngoba incazelo yokucaciswa iyagcina egobolondweni. Le ndatshana icubungula isimo, ingaphakathi kanye nohlangothi lokuhlola ukuze incazelo yokucaciswa ihlanganise lokho okwehluleka ngempela.
Ijiyomethri, Ububanzi Nokuphakama
Isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi yisinqumo sezindleko nokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba sibe yisinqumo sesakhiwo. Ithangi elibanzi, elingashoni ligcina isilabha sangaphansi negobolondo kushibhile nge-cubic metre ngayinye futhi lenza ingaphakathi lihambe kalula, kodwa lisebenzisa umhlaba futhi lidinga ibanga elide lokucwiliswa noma lokuhlala uma amanzi ethwala izinto eziqinile. Ithangi elide, elincane ligcina umhlaba, linikeza ikhanda elingcono lamandla adonsela phansi ekusabalaliseni, futhi lifinyeza indlela yokugeleza, ngezindleko zekhreyini ende kanye nesimo somoya esidinga kakhulu. Izimo eziyindilinga nezinye izinhlobo zikhona zomsebenzi wengcindezi, kodwa ekugcineni kwamanzi asemkhathini isilinda siyawina ngezindleko, futhi isinyathelo esisebenzayo ukumisa ububanzi ukuze buhambisane nezimpimpi nendawo, bese wengeza ubude kuze kube umthamo ulingana. Ukwakhiwa okuboshiwe kunqwabelana ngamaringi obubanzi bephaneli cishe obu-1.2 m, okwenza izinguquko zobude zibe lula; ukwakhiwa okushiseliwe kushintsha ubude kuphela ngokwengeza isigaba.
Inkinga Yomugqa Wamanzi
Ibhande lodonga elisezingeni elijwayelekile lokusebenza yilapho ithangi lamanzi lifa khona. Ngenhla komugqa insimbi ibona ukujiya okugcwele umoya-mpilo; ngezansi kwawo, amanzi okungenzeka athwale i-carbon dioxide encibilikisiwe noma i-chlorine; khona lapho emugqeni, ukujikeleza okugxilisa konke endaweni emanzi neyomile. Ama-coating afakwa endaweni ahluleka lapha kuqala. Ithangi lensimbi elihlanganiswe nengilazi lihlanganisa i-enamel nephethini efektri ku-820 kuya ku-930 °C, linikeza ungqimba luka-0.25 kuya ku-0.45 mm olulinganiswa ngaphezu kuka-3,450 N/cm², olungasebenzi phakathi kwe-pH 1 kuya ku-14, futhi luhlola i-spark iphaneli ngayinye ngo-1500 V DC ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, okususa inkinga yomugqa wamanzi iyise endlini lapho ingahlolwa khona. Ukuphela kwendawo ku-Ra ngaphansi kuka-0.8 µm, okuwukuphela okufanayo okuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa emanzini okuphuzwayo nasekudleni futhi okumelana ne-biofilm leyo ngaphandle kwalokho eguqula ikholomu egciniwe ibe nokungacaci.
Izinketho Zangaphakathi Nezimvume
Fanisa ingaphakathi namanzi, bese ufanisa imvume nokusetshenziswa. Emanzini aphuzwayo dinga i-NSF/ANSI 61 kanye ne-WRAS ehlolwe ngokwe-lining ne-gasket, kanye ne-FDA noma i-LFGB lapho amanzi eya enqubweni yokudla. Emanzini agcinelwe umlilo, izimiso zokulinganisa ze-NFPA futhi ngokuvamile isikhundla se-FM. Emanzini okupholisa noma enqubo ane-chloride elinganiselayo, i-enamel noma i-fusion-bonded epoxy ku-180 kuya ku-280 µm ngaphansi kwe-AWWA C550 ngokuvamile yanele; kuma-chloride aphezulu njengamanzi olwandle noma i-brine, i-316L noma i-enamel, njengoba ukugqwala okuyimbobo kuyinto eyinhloko yokwehluleka. I-hot-dip galvanizing ngokwe-GB/T 13912-2020 iyonga emanzini ahlanzekile nasemanzini agcinelwe umlilo kodwa ayifaneleki ekuxhumaneni namanzi aphuzwayo ngenxa yokuhamba kwe-zinc, futhi ayifaneleki emanzini ane-asidi noma ane-chloride ephezulu.
Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ipharamitha | Inani Elijwayelekile / Ibanga | Qaphela |
Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa i-enamel | 820–930 °C | Ifektri incibilikiswa epaneleni lensimbi |
Ubukhulu bokumboza nge-enamel | 0.25–0.45 mm | Ingaphakathi elingenalutho, i-pH 1–14 |
Amandla ongqimba lwe-enamel | ≥ 3,450 N/cm² | Ukumelana nokugoba nokushaywa |
I-voltage yokuhlola inhlansi | 1500 V DC | Ngephaneli ngayinye, ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa |
Ukungalingani kwendawo | Ra < 0.8 µm | Ukuqedwa kokuxhumana namanzi aphuzwayo nokudla |
Ukujiya kwefilimu ye-FBE epoxy | 180–280 µm | Enye indawo yangaphakathi, i-AWWA C550 |
Izinga lebhawudi | 8.8 | I-torque ebhalwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa |
Isikhathi sokuphila komklamo | ≥ 30 iminyaka | Ngesistimu yangaphakathi ecacisiwe |
Isikhathi Sokuhlola kanye Nokufanele Kubhekwe
Iminyaka engama-30 yokuphila komklamo iwuhlelo lokunakekela, hhayi isiqinisekiso. Bhala ukuhlolwa endleleni yokusebenza kusukela ngosuku lokunikezwa. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwaminyaka yonke kwegobolondo, indunduma yesisekelo, izikulufo ze-ankha kanye nokudonsa kwamanzi ophahleni kubamba izinkinga ezingabizi. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokuthululwa okuhleliwe, ngokuvamile njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu kumanzi aphuzwayo futhi kaningi lapho amanzi enolaka, kufanele kuhlole i-lining ukuthi ayinazo yini izimbobo ezincane nokuqhekeka, izihlalo ze-gasket, ukungena kwama-nozzle kanye nendandatho ephezulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-spark ye-1500 V DC kunoma yiliphi iphaneli elikhishwe ukuze lilungiswe kukutshela ngokushesha ukuthi i-enamel ezungezile isaqinile yini. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, hlola ithuluzi lezinga ngokumelene nokujula okukaliwe, ngoba ithangi eligcwele ngekhulu elishumi ukudlula lokho ithuluzi elikukholelwayo lizochichima, futhi ithangi elingenalutho kancane kunalokho okukholelwayo londla iphampu ngokuthula.
Icala Lomklamo
Umklamo | Indawo | Umkhiqizo | Umthamo | Ububanzi |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi anobubanzi obukhulu | Namibia | Ithangi le-GFS | 44,900 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Amanzi agcinelwe umlilo | Sichuan, China | Ithangi le-GFS, amayunithi ama-2 | 8,930 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + isiqondiso sokufaka |
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphuzwayo | Indonesia | Ithangi le-GFS | 21,099 m³ | ukuhlinzeka + ukugada |
Ikhono Lobunjiniyela be-Center Enamel
I-Center Enamel (Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd) isungule futhi yakha amathangi okugcina axhunywe ngamabhawudi kusukela ngo-2008. Njengomkhiqizi wokuqala wamathangi e-glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) eChina, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi acishe abe ngu-200 ahlobene ne-enamel, ikhiqiza cishe amapuleti ensimbi ane-enamel angu-300,000 ngonyaka, isiqedile amaphrojekthi afakiwe angaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi ihlinzeka ngamathangi ayo emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Isizinda esisha sokukhiqiza esingu-150,000 m² sengezwe ukuze kunyuswe amandla okukhiqiza, futhi amathangi angawodwa ahlinzekwa afinyelela ku-60,000 m³. Ukukhiqiza kusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 45001, ngesitifiketi somkhiqizo esihlanganisa i-NSF/ANSI 61, WRAS, FDA, LFGB, CE (EN 1090), ISO 28765, FM, BSCI ne-EUROCODE, futhi idizayini ibhekisela ku-AWWA D103-09, AWWA C550 ne-NFPA lapho uhlelo ludinga khona.
Okokugcina amanzi ase-cylindrical lokhu kuhlanganisa ingaphakathi le-enamel ne-epoxy elingenhla, ukukhetha ubude nobubanzi, kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwamaphaneli asekela impilo yesevisi yeminyaka engama-30.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Kungani ukuma kwe-cylindrical kuyisimo esizenzakalelayo sokugcina amanzi?
Impendulo 1: Ngoba indingilizi inikeza indawo encane yesikhumba ngevolumu ngayinye kanye nengcindezi encane ye-hoop yobubanzi obunikeziwe, ngakho izindleko zensimbi nge-cubic metre ziphansi kakhulu futhi izimo zomoya nesisekelo zihlala zilawuleka.
Umbuzo 2: Ingabe ithangi kufanele libe lide noma libe banzi ngevolumu efanayo?
Impendulo 2: Kuncike endaweni. Ukuba banzi futhi kungajulile konga umhlaba nekhanda, ukuba lide futhi lincane konga umhlaba futhi kunikeza ikhanda elengeziwe lamandla adonsela phansi ekusabalaliseni, kodwa kunezela izidingo ze-crane nomoya.
Umbuzo 3: Ingabe ithangi le-cylindrical eliboshiwe lihlangabezana nezidingo zamanzi aphuzwayo?
A3: Yebo, ngokufakwa kwangaphakathi okugunyaziwe kanye ne-gasket. I-NSF/ANSI 61 ne-WRAS kuhlanganisa izinto zokuxhumana, i-ISO 9001 ihlanganisa imboni, futhi indawo ebushelelezi ye-Ra engaphansi kuka-0.8 µm ye-enamel iwuhlobo olufanayo lokugcina olusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nokudla ngaphansi kwe-FDA ne-LFGB.
Umbuzo 4: Kufanele ihlolwe kangaki ithangi lamanzi ngaphakathi?
Impendulo 4: Njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi aphuzwayo, futhi kaningi lapho amanzi enolaka noma ithangi linomlando wamabala amancane okufakwa kwangaphakathi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphandle minyaka yonke phakathi kwalokho.
Umbuzo 5: Iyini imbangela evame kakhulu yokuvuza kwethangi eliboshiwe?
Impendulo 5: Ukungahambisani kwe-flange ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa noma ukwehla kwesisekelo okuvula umgogodla. Kokubili kubanjwa ngokuqopha i-torque yebhawodi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa kanye nokuhlola i-ring beam ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe iringi yokuqala.
Q6: Ingabe ithangi elilodwa lingasebenza kokubili amanzi aphuzwayo kanye namanzi enqubo?
A6: Kuphela ngokuhlukaniswa okubonakalayo noma umsebenzi ohlelwe ngokuqinile. Ukuxuba amanzi aphuzwayo kuthangi lamanzi enqubo noma lamanzi okugcina umlilo ngokuvamile kuyinkinga yomthetho, ngakho-ke lezi zinto ezimbili ngokuvamile ziyizitsha ezihlukene noma igumbi elihlukaniswe ngokucacile.
Ithangi lamanzi lensimbi eliyisilinda liyindlela eqinisekisiwe, ebiza kancane yokugcina amanzi amaningi, futhi ukusebenza kwalo kwesikhathi eside kuncike ezintweni zangaphakathi, izimvume kanye nohlelo lokuhlola kunokuba kuncike ekwakhekeni kwegobolondo. I-enamel ehlanganisiwe ibamba umugqa wamanzi kanye nobubanzi be-pH ngokuhlolwa okubhaliwe kwephaneli ngalinye, i-galvanized ibamba indawo yokugcina umlilo wamanzi ahlanzekile ngesabelomali, kanti i-stainless ibamba i-chloride. Lungisa ububanzi nokuphakama ngokwesayithi, bhala isikhathi sokuhlola ekunikezelweni, futhi impahla izofinyelela okulindelekile kwayo kweminyaka engama-30.
Khuluma Nonjiniyela
Sithumele uhlobo lwamanzi ane-pH kanye ne-chloride, umthamo odingekayo kanye nomkhawulo wobubanzi, umsebenzi wamanzi aphuzwayo noma wokugcina umlilo, idatha yomoya weqhwa nomhlabathi wesayithi, kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola okuhloswe. Uzothola ukukhetha kobubanzi nokuphakama, isincomo sangaphakathi, uhlu lokugunyazwa kanye nephakethe eliphelele lomdwebo nesitifiketi.
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